journal: Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik

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Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik

Journal of Economics and Statistics

Language: English

First published: January 1, 1863

Publication Frequency: 6 issues per year

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About this journal

The Journal of Economics and Statistics (Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik) is a scientific journal published in Germany since 1863. The journal publishes papers in all fields of economics and applied statistics. A specific focus is on papers combining theory with empirical analyses. Papers providing conclusions for economic policy in Europe are particularly welcome. Nevertheless, distinguished papers dealing exlusively with economic theory, empirical models, or economic history, will not be excluded from consideration.

The editors invite replication studies focusing on the robustness of empirical findings. The section Data Observer presents articles on data sets available for empirical research and institutions providing research data. The journal also publishes special issues, short comments, and book reviews. All freely accessible contributi ons , including the Data Observer articles, can be found via the website's article search functionality.

Journal of Economics and Statistics now also at Bluesky.

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The current volume of Journal of Economics and Statistics is open access via Subscribe to Open (S2O). All accepted articles will be published under a Creative Commons license at no cost to authors. Learn more about De Gruyter Brill’s Su bscribe to Open program.

Best Paper Award 2025

The Best Paper Award introduced in 2023 to mark the 160th birthday of the Journal of Economics and Statistics (founded in 1863) was awarded for the fourth time in 2026 and goes to the best paper published in the Journal in 2025, which was selected by the editorial board based on its contribution, originality and impact.

The Best Paper Award 2025 was given to:

"What Explains Differences in Minium Wage Growth Between EU Member States?"

by Arne Baumann published in volume 245 (1-2), 7-44.

History

The Journal of Economics and Statistics was founded in 1863 in Jena by Bruno Hildebrand (editor 1863-1877).

History of the journal

Open Access
National and Supranational European Fiscal Rules: Friends or Foes?

May 19, 2026

Bogdan Căpraru, Nicu Sprincean

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This study examines the relationship between countries’ compliance with the fiscal rules of the European Stability and Growth Pact (SGP) and their national and supranational fiscal frameworks. Using a sample of 27 European Union Member States from 2000 to 2021, we find that well-designed national fiscal targets positively correlate with overall compliance with the SGP’s fiscal rules. However, the results also suggest that there may be a substitution or conflict effect between national and supranational governance levels when they interact, which could be explained by mutual interference or the undermining of each other’s functions: as supranational constraints tighten, the correlation between national fiscal rules and compliance weakens. Furthermore, independent fiscal institutions (IFIs) with specific institutional characteristics act as moderators when the number of numerical supranational targets is high, improving compliance with fiscal rules. In the context of the new European fiscal framework, our results have critical policy implications, implying the need for a well-designed national fiscal framework in environments with a reduced number of supranational regulations and/or well-equipped IFIs to ensure enhanced compliance with European fiscal rules.
Open Access
The Estimation of the Universal Gravity Model – A Replication Study of Allen, Arkolakis, and Takahashi (2020) and Some Extensions

May 7, 2026

Michael Pfaffermayr

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This contribution replicates a key result of Allen, Arkolakis, and Takahashi (AAT, Journal of Political Economy, 2020), who estimate the supply curve in a cross section of countries using the estimated fixed effects of a demand-side gravity model of bilateral trade as dependent variable. The replication of their preferred specification delivers almost identical estimation results. However, AAT do not consider that the dependent variable of the supply function is a vector of estimated parameters, the fixed effects of the demand-side gravity model. The present contribution proposes a two-step estimation approach that takes into account the variation induced by the estimation of the fixed effects in the first step and leads to consistent estimates of the standard errors. Moreover, the estimates of the supply curve parameters turn out as highly sensitive to the specification of the demand-side gravity model, limiting the applicability of AAT’s approach.
Open Access
Measuring Digital Technology Adoption – A Novel Text Mining Approach

May 7, 2026

Janna Axenbeck Pilarski, Patrick Breithaupt

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Due to the relevance of digital technologies for economic prosperity, measuring their adoption is of particular importance. We show that the availability of firm website data and advances in text mining enable the creation of real-time and large-scale estimates for digital technology adoption. In order to learn the abstract definition of digitalisation, we train a random forest regression model on labelled newspaper articles. The trained model is then applied to firms’ website content to obtain a firm-level indicator of digitalisation. Plausibility checks confirm the link to established digitalisation indicators at the firm and sectoral level, as well as for firm size classes and regions. Lastly, we illustrate the indicator’s validity by analysing the link between digitalisation and firm resilience during the COVID-19 crisis to produce findings that are consistent with the related literature.
Open Access
Editorial: 2025 Best Paper Award

April 28, 2026

Michael Frenkel, Sandra Nolte, Susanne Prantl

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Open Access
Socio-Economic and Attitudinal Diversity in Ex-ante Versus Ex-post Studies of Climate-Policy: A Systematic Literature Review

April 8, 2026

Foroogh Salekpay, Ivan Savin, Jeroen van den Bergh

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We discuss two features of quantitative studies of climate policy that have not received much attention but could considerably affect insights: ex-ante versus ex-post approaches, and heterogeneity of socio-economic and attitudinal characteristics of individuals. The reason to combine them in one study is that the heterogeneous factors seem to differ considerably between ex-ante and ex-post approaches. This might translate in systematic differences in policy insights between the two types of studies. To clarify this issue, we undertake a systematic literature review comparing the studies in terms of topics and socio-economic and attitudinal characteristics covered. Our assessment uses both quantitative and qualitative analysis: the former provides an overview of topics across studies using computational linguistic analysis, while the latter offers detailed insights into heterogeneous characteristics and their relationship to study findings. We find that while many studies examine the impact of climate policy on equity, few studies examine the influence of considering heterogeneous individual characteristics on outcomes of evaluating alternative climate policies. Our assessment covers two policy issues, namely public support of climate policy and the impact of such policy on carbon emissions. We show that the two approaches differ systematically in both method use and the policy instruments studied. Overall, integrating both approaches yields a more nuanced understanding of climate policy. Future research, especially ex-ante studies, should examine a broader range of heterogeneous factors and their effects on policy effectiveness and public support.
Open Access
MUP-BHP – Enriching Administrative Establishment Data with Commercial Enterprise Data

March 20, 2026

André Diegmann, Sandra Gottschalk, Mirja Hälbig, Alexandra Schmucker, Stefanie Wolter, Florian Zimmermann

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The recently established link between the Mannheim Enterprise Panel (MUP), developed by the ZEW – Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research, and the administrative establishment information from the Institute for Employment Research (IAB) provides a novel opportunity to combine enterprise-level information with establishment-level labour market data. The core MUP-data are originally collected by Creditreform e.V., a credit rating agency that shares the data with the ZEW for quality assurance and economic research purposes. The establishment-level information is derived from social security notifications. Both data sources are highly complete and of high quality. Linking the two data sources provides information on both enterprise and establishment characteristics for the majority of active businesses in terms of employment and finance, across a longitudinal time series. This paper describes the linkage, the cleaning steps, and the final data product, and how it can be accessed.
Open Access
The German Heat-Mortality Panel (GHMP): A Synthetic Panel Dataset for Regional Climate Impact Analysis (2015–2024)

February 25, 2026

Umar Iqbal Butt

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The intersection of climate econometrics and public health policy faces a persistent infrastructure gap in Germany. While meteorological data are available at high spatial resolution, administrative mortality statistics remain fragmented, siloed by federal state agencies, and often delayed by up to 24 months. This data disconnect hinders the timely empirical evaluation of municipal Hitzeaktionspläne (Heat Action Plans) and obfuscates the regional heterogeneity of climate damages. To bridge this gap, this article introduces the GHMP (German Heat-Mortality Panel), a balanced panel dataset covering the 16 Federal States (Bundesländer) from 2015 to 2024. By harmonizing official national mortality records from the Federal Statistical Office (Destatis) with state-specific temperature anomalies from the German Meteorological Service (DWD), a population-weighted imputation algorithm is applied to estimate regional excess mortality correlated with thermal stress. This “synthetic panel” approach provides a robust, open-access proxy for researchers to test difference-in-differences models, benchmark regional climate vulnerability, and teach econometric methods. The dataset reveals a significant North–South thermal gradient, with the state of Saarland consistently exhibiting the highest thermal load and documents a structural break in the thermal baseline beginning in 2022.
Open Access
The German Heating and Housing Panel (GHHP): Household Data for the Years 2021 to 2023

February 9, 2026

Florian Foppe, Manuel Frondel, Kathrin Kaestner, Marielena Krieg, Colin Vance

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The German Heating and Housing Panel (GHHP) provides a new data basis to assess the effectiveness, distributional effects, and public acceptance of climate policy in Germany’s building sector. Funded within the Kopernikus project Ariadne, the annual surveys from 2021 to 2023 include about 15,000 households, thereof 65 % owners and 35 % renters. The GHHP gathers detailed information on the building stock, heating systems and costs, energy retrofit measures, and socio-economic characteristics. Recent waves additionally investigate households’ experiences during the energy crisis, their expectations regarding future energy prices, intended energy-saving actions, and reflections on heating behavior.
Open Access
The Economic Experts Survey

November 4, 2025

Philipp Heil, Niklas Potrafke

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The Economic Experts Survey (EES) is the most comprehensive global survey of economic experts. Established at the ifo Institute in 2022 as the successor to the World Economic Survey (WES), its aim is to capture experts’ assessments of economic policy and political developments in their home countries, as well as their views on topical issues in the economic policy debate. Each quarter, the EES surveys around 10,000 experts across over 120 countries, providing real-time insights into experts’ perspectives on current economic policy. In this paper, we present an overview of the EES. We describe the survey’s coverage and characteristics of its participants, outline the methodological approach and questionnaire design, and briefly describe research based on EES data. We also explain the opportunities for accessing the EES data.
Open Access
The RWI Climate-Mobility Panel

September 26, 2025

Mark A. Andor, Nils Christian Hoenow, Eva Hümmecke, Eva H. Yang

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This data report describes the first and second wave of the RWI Climate-Mobility Panel, a recurring household survey that aims in particular to investigate individual mobility behavior and preferences with regard to mobility-related policies. It further includes information on attitudes towards environmental protection and climate change of household members in Germany as well as on socio-economic individual and household characteristics. These first two waves, collected via forsa in 2018 and 2019, each comprise responses from over 6,000 households. These waves enable longitudinal analyses of changes in mobility behavior, policy preferences, and environmental attitudes over time, while also offering rich cross-sectional data on additional transportation-related topics. Further, both waves include an assessment of perceived car use costs and selected psychological scales. This uniquely comprehensive data set serves as a basis for novel research and evidence-based policy decisions in the context of the mobility and transport transition. The panel will be extended with additional survey waves conducted in 2022 and 2024, as well as with planned future data collections.
Open Access
A Factorial Survey on Sickness Presenteeism

September 11, 2025

Joachim Gerich, Natalie Herdegen, Andreas Koch, Martin Kroczek, Philipp Kugler, Sophie-Charlotte Meyer, Mella Perleberg, Jochen Späth

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We present new data from a factorial survey experiment on sickness presenteeism, collected as a follow-up to the 2024 BIBB/BAuA Employment Survey – a representative survey of the German workforce. The factorial survey uses hypothetical scenarios to examine how employees decide between going to work, calling in sick, or working from home when experiencing illness. Scenarios systematically vary dimensions such as symptom severity, contagiousness, attendance pressure, and workload. Sub-experiments address performance pressure and period pain presenteeism. The dataset also includes measures on motivational drivers and workday adjustments, providing detailed, causal insights into sickness-related decision-making in contemporary work environments.
Open Access
Nonparametric Identification in Nonseparable Duration Models with Unobserved Heterogeneity

September 1, 2025

Petyo Bonev

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This paper studies nonparametric identification of nonseparable duration models with unobserved heterogeneity. The models considered here are nonseparable in two ways. First, genuine duration dependence is allowed to depend on observed covariates. Second, observed and unobserved characteristics may interact in an arbitrary way. Identification is shown for a comprehensive account of settings. In particular, identification is shown in single-spell models with and without time-varying covariates, in multiple-spells models with shared frailty and lagged duration dependence, in single-spell and multiple-spell competing risks models, and in treatment effects models where treatment is assigned during the individual spell in the state of interest.
Open Access
How does the Energy Transition Shape Inclusive Green Growth in the European Union?

July 22, 2025

Arindam Paul, Dukhabandhu Sahoo, Souryabrata Mohapatra, Manash Kumar Behera

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Amidst the growing issues of global warming and non-inclusiveness, inclusive green growth (IGG) has become an aspiration for all countries. Countries worldwide, including those in the European Union (EU), are transitioning from non-renewable to renewable energy to preserve the environment. However, there is currently a lack of comprehensive research investigating the nexus between energy transition and IGG. This paper aims to explore the impact of energy transition on IGG in 25 EU countries from 1995 to 2021. We develop composite indices for both IGG and renewable energy transition targeted to EU economies and employ advanced econometric approaches such as the pooled mean group-autoregressive distributed lag (PMG-ARDL) model, Driscoll-Kraay standard errors (DKSE) method, feasible generalised least square (FGLS) method, panel corrected standard errors (PCSE) method, to uncover relevant associations. The PMG-ARDL deals with potential endogeneity and simultaneously provides short-run and long-run estimates, while the DKSE, FGLS and PCSE methods provide consistent outcomes in the presence of cross-sectional dependence, autocorrelation and heteroscedasticity among the error terms. Results indicate that the renewable energy transition hampers IGG in the short run but fosters it in the long run in the EU economies. Additionally, financial development and internet access enhance IGG, whereas government expenditure, inflation and economic globalisation have negative impacts. The findings suggest that EU countries should stimulate investment by public-private partnerships in renewable energy technologies and promote the use of renewable energy to make their economic growth green and inclusive.
Open Access
HICP and National CPI in Germany: As Similar as Possible, as Different as Needed

June 20, 2025

Thomas A. Knetsch, Dilyana Popova, Patrick Schwind

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The harmonised index of consumer prices (HICP) co-exists with the national consumer price index (CPI) as a key measure of inflation in Germany. Both indices are based on the same granular price data and uniform compilation methods at the lower levels of aggregation. However, differences arise at the upper level, concerning e.g. coverage, index formula, weighting schemes and revision practices. Weighting is a major source of differences but its impact is expected to diminish because, in the last base year changeover, national accounts replaced household budget surveys as the dominant source for deriving five-year fixed CPI weights. This change increases conformity with the annual updating procedure for HICP weights. By contrast, the integration of the cost of owner-occupied housing (OOH) into the HICP might increase the differences between these key measures if, following the ECB’s request in its 2020/2021 Monetary Policy Strategy Review, the acquisition approach were implemented. Choosing different options can be rationalized with a number of criteria (e.g. alignment with user interest, main purposes, public acceptance, practicality). As differences matter empirically, communication is important.
Open Access
Perceived Inflation in Germany: Determinants and the Role of the Basket of Goods

June 3, 2025

Daniel F. Heuermann, Andreas Krämer

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In times of high price increases, the perceived (‘subjective’) inflation rate is of particular importance for decisions on monetary, distributional, and growth policies. This paper measures the perceived inflation rate in April 2022 and again 12 months later using a representative sample for Germany and examines differences among various population groups. The findings indicate that perceived inflation rose strongly between 2022 and 2023 to more than three times the official inflation rate across most spending categories. Significant differences prevail, however, with regard to individual education level, age, and gender. More frequently purchased types of goods seem to be assigned a higher weight and, hence, have a larger influence on perceived inflation. Finally, a counterfactual analysis shows that the difference between perceived inflation and the official rate is only to a minor extent driven by deviations of individual consumption structures from the statistical basket of goods.
Open Access
The IAB/ZEW Start-Up Panel

May 29, 2025

Elisa Rodepeter, Hanna Hottenrott, Sandra Gottschalk

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The IAB/ZEW Start-Up Panel is a longitudinal and representative survey established in 2008, designed to focus on founders and their businesses during the very early stages of the firm life cycle. Data on newly founded companies, their founders, business activities, and innovation and market strategies is scarce, posing challenges for both research and evidence-based policymaking. The IAB/ZEW Start-Up Panel’s objective is to provide reliable research data on new businesses in Germany for the research community. This paper outlines the panel’s design, methods, and structure. We also discuss potential research topics, usage, and access to the data for academic purposes.
Open Access
Industrial Monuments in Germany: Data Basis and Overview of Regional Structures

May 26, 2025

Michael Fritsch, Matthias Huegel, Maria Greve, Michael Wyrwich

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We describe the procedure for compiling a list of industrial monuments in the regions of Germany and the resulting data set. This includes detailed insights into the absolute and relative numbers of industrial monuments, categorized into production, traffic, and supply. In addition, we provide an overview of the regional distribution of the number of industrial monuments in Germany. Baden-Wuerttemberg and Bavaria exhibit the largest shares of industrial monuments nationwide, followed by Saxony and North Rhine-Westphalia. Spatial analyses reveal significant regional variations in monument density per population and area, reflecting the historical and cultural heritage shaped by industrialization. The data set, publicly available on the Internet, fills a gap in documenting and analyzing industrial heritage in Germany.

Issue 0

Issue 3

Issue 1-2

Special Issue: Empirical Studies with Micro-Data from the German Pension Insurance

Issue 6

Issue 4-5

Special Issue: Central Bank Digital Currency

Issue 3

Issue 1-2

Special Issue: Minimum Wages – Experiences of European Countries

Issue 5-6

Special Issue: Sports Economics

Issue 4

Special Issue: Agent Based Economics

Issue 3

Issue 1-2

Special Issue: Gender Economics

Issue 6

Issue 5

Special Issue: A New Decade of Research on the Economics of Climate Change: Towards an Integrated View on a Sustainable Use of the Biosphere

Issue 3-4

Special Issue: Empirical Studies with Micro-Data from Official Statistics in Germany; Guest Editor: Joachim Wagner, Thomas K. Bauer and Regina T. Riphahn

Journal Impact Factor	1.1	2024, Journal Citation Reports (Clarivate, 2025)
5-year Journal Impact Factor	2	2024, Journal Citation Reports (Clarivate, 2025)
Journal Citation Indicator	0.41	2024, Journal Citation Reports (Clarivate, 2025)
CiteScore	2.8	2024, Scopus (Elsevier B.V., 2025)
SCImago Journal Rank	0.451	2024, SJR (Scimago Lab, 2025; Data Source: Scopus)
Source Normalized Impact per Paper	0.792	2024, CWTS Journal Indicators (CWTS B.V., 2025; Data Source: Scopus)

Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik

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