45 Vulture brains and muthi markets: Johannesburg, South Africa
-
Angus Nurse
Abstract
The use of animals and plants as traditional remedies for both medical afflictions and social or spiritual concerns issues is well established in South Africa, and it has been estimated that a large proportion of the population will consult a traditional healer at least once in their lifetime (Williams and Whiting, 2016). The umbrella terms Traditional Asian Medicine (TAM) and African Traditional Medicine (ATM) are used in respect of traditional healing that makes use of ‘natural’ rather than chemical and pharmacological compounds to promote health and wellbeing. The term ‘African Science’ also conveys incorporation of spiritual beliefs and indigenous knowledge as aspects of traditional healing approaches specific to the African diaspora (Ashforth, 2005). ‘Muthi’ is a blanket term applying to ATM in South Africa and while in one sense muthi refers to herbalism and the use of herbal remedies is an expanding part of wellbeing and healthcare in Africa it has broader application to traditional healing (Mbendana et al, 2019). The consumption of non-human animals is part of a long-held cultural belief and animal use is incorporated into muthi practices. Thus, in both TAM and ATM ‘non-human animal and plant material are ground up, dried or manufactured into plasters, pills or tablets’ (Nurse and Wyatt, 2020:114). The compounds produced can be considered to have direct medicinal properties such as ‘the treatment of eczema, acne, scabbing, skin allergic reactions, and genital infection’ as well as for use as cough syrup (Ngyuen and Roberts, 2020:9). Muthi medicines derived from animals are also consumed for more generic and arguably spiritual properties, such as promoting ‘strength’
Abstract
The use of animals and plants as traditional remedies for both medical afflictions and social or spiritual concerns issues is well established in South Africa, and it has been estimated that a large proportion of the population will consult a traditional healer at least once in their lifetime (Williams and Whiting, 2016). The umbrella terms Traditional Asian Medicine (TAM) and African Traditional Medicine (ATM) are used in respect of traditional healing that makes use of ‘natural’ rather than chemical and pharmacological compounds to promote health and wellbeing. The term ‘African Science’ also conveys incorporation of spiritual beliefs and indigenous knowledge as aspects of traditional healing approaches specific to the African diaspora (Ashforth, 2005). ‘Muthi’ is a blanket term applying to ATM in South Africa and while in one sense muthi refers to herbalism and the use of herbal remedies is an expanding part of wellbeing and healthcare in Africa it has broader application to traditional healing (Mbendana et al, 2019). The consumption of non-human animals is part of a long-held cultural belief and animal use is incorporated into muthi practices. Thus, in both TAM and ATM ‘non-human animal and plant material are ground up, dried or manufactured into plasters, pills or tablets’ (Nurse and Wyatt, 2020:114). The compounds produced can be considered to have direct medicinal properties such as ‘the treatment of eczema, acne, scabbing, skin allergic reactions, and genital infection’ as well as for use as cough syrup (Ngyuen and Roberts, 2020:9). Muthi medicines derived from animals are also consumed for more generic and arguably spiritual properties, such as promoting ‘strength’
Kapitel in diesem Buch
- Front Matter i
- Contents v
- List of figures x
- About the editors xi
- Acknowledgements xiii
- Introduction 1
- Cocaine Bear: Fun Mall, Lexington, Kentucky, USA 9
- Whitney Plantation: New Orleans, Louisiana, USA 14
- National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution: Washington, DC, USA 24
- From Newgate Prison to Tyburn Tree: the Old Bailey, London, UK 29
- Jack the Ripper tour: Whitechapel, London, UK 35
- The Alcatraz East Crime Museum: Pigeon Forge, Tennessee, USA 41
- The Museum of Death: Hollywood, Los Angeles, USA 50
- The Royal Armouries Museum: Leeds, UK 55
- The Black Dahlia tour: Los Angeles, California, USA 59
- The ‘Execution Dock’: Wapping, East London, UK 65
- Auschwitz: Oświęcim, Poland 71
- Jeju 4:3 memorial: Jeju Island, South Korea 80
- Museum Dr. Guislain: Ghent, Belgium 88
- Karosta Prison Hotel: Liepāja, Latvia 92
- The Clink prison-based restaurant: Brixton, London, UK 98
- The 9/11 memorial and museum: New York, New York, USA 104
- The Tuol Sleng Museum of Genocidal Crimes: Phnom Penh, Cambodia 107
- Choeung Ek killing field: Phnom Penh, Cambodia 116
- Blue lights in the Red Light District: Amsterdam, the Netherlands 122
- Trophy hunting: sub-Saharan Africa 128
- ‘The ugly side to the beautiful game’: Qatar 135
- Burning Man festival: Black Rock Desert, Nevada, USA 140
- Magaluf: Majorca 147
- ‘Holiday Hooters’: Hong Kong 153
- Scilla: Calabria, Italy 159
- The Kray twins tours: London, UK 165
- Backpacking in the outback: Uluru, Northern Territory, Australia 171
- The hippie trail: Nepal, South Asia 177
- The Museum of Confiscated Art: Brest, Belarus 182
- Steroid holidays: Sharm El Sheikh, Sinai Peninsula, Egypt 187
- The souks: Tunis, Tunisia 194
- Mezhyhirya Residence Museum: Novi Petrivtsi, Ukraine 200
- The great British seaside: various locations, UK 207
- The Biggie mural: Brooklyn, New York, USA 213
- The Rebus guided tour: Edinburgh, UK 217
- Volunteer tourism – ‘doing it for the ’gram’: Cambodia, Southeast Asia 223
- The staycation: home 230
- The ‘suicide forest’: Aokigahara, Japan 235
- Pitcairn Island: Pitcairn Islands, Pacific Ocean 245
- Favela tours: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 251
- Skid Row walking tours: Los Angeles, California, USA 258
- The 2019–20 anti-extradition protests: Hong Kong 264
- The Maldives: Republic of Maldives, Indian Ocean 271
- Death Road: La Paz to Coroico, Bolivia 276
- Vulture brains and muthi markets: Johannesburg, South Africa 282
- Dark tourism, ecocide and Alpine ski resorts: the Alps, Europe 288
- Boho Zone: Middlesbrough, UK 293
- One Hyde Park: London, UK 299
- Amazon warehouse tours: Rugeley, UK or virtual tour 305
- Disney World: Orlando, Florida, USA 315
- Conclusion 322
- References 325
- Index 394
Kapitel in diesem Buch
- Front Matter i
- Contents v
- List of figures x
- About the editors xi
- Acknowledgements xiii
- Introduction 1
- Cocaine Bear: Fun Mall, Lexington, Kentucky, USA 9
- Whitney Plantation: New Orleans, Louisiana, USA 14
- National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution: Washington, DC, USA 24
- From Newgate Prison to Tyburn Tree: the Old Bailey, London, UK 29
- Jack the Ripper tour: Whitechapel, London, UK 35
- The Alcatraz East Crime Museum: Pigeon Forge, Tennessee, USA 41
- The Museum of Death: Hollywood, Los Angeles, USA 50
- The Royal Armouries Museum: Leeds, UK 55
- The Black Dahlia tour: Los Angeles, California, USA 59
- The ‘Execution Dock’: Wapping, East London, UK 65
- Auschwitz: Oświęcim, Poland 71
- Jeju 4:3 memorial: Jeju Island, South Korea 80
- Museum Dr. Guislain: Ghent, Belgium 88
- Karosta Prison Hotel: Liepāja, Latvia 92
- The Clink prison-based restaurant: Brixton, London, UK 98
- The 9/11 memorial and museum: New York, New York, USA 104
- The Tuol Sleng Museum of Genocidal Crimes: Phnom Penh, Cambodia 107
- Choeung Ek killing field: Phnom Penh, Cambodia 116
- Blue lights in the Red Light District: Amsterdam, the Netherlands 122
- Trophy hunting: sub-Saharan Africa 128
- ‘The ugly side to the beautiful game’: Qatar 135
- Burning Man festival: Black Rock Desert, Nevada, USA 140
- Magaluf: Majorca 147
- ‘Holiday Hooters’: Hong Kong 153
- Scilla: Calabria, Italy 159
- The Kray twins tours: London, UK 165
- Backpacking in the outback: Uluru, Northern Territory, Australia 171
- The hippie trail: Nepal, South Asia 177
- The Museum of Confiscated Art: Brest, Belarus 182
- Steroid holidays: Sharm El Sheikh, Sinai Peninsula, Egypt 187
- The souks: Tunis, Tunisia 194
- Mezhyhirya Residence Museum: Novi Petrivtsi, Ukraine 200
- The great British seaside: various locations, UK 207
- The Biggie mural: Brooklyn, New York, USA 213
- The Rebus guided tour: Edinburgh, UK 217
- Volunteer tourism – ‘doing it for the ’gram’: Cambodia, Southeast Asia 223
- The staycation: home 230
- The ‘suicide forest’: Aokigahara, Japan 235
- Pitcairn Island: Pitcairn Islands, Pacific Ocean 245
- Favela tours: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 251
- Skid Row walking tours: Los Angeles, California, USA 258
- The 2019–20 anti-extradition protests: Hong Kong 264
- The Maldives: Republic of Maldives, Indian Ocean 271
- Death Road: La Paz to Coroico, Bolivia 276
- Vulture brains and muthi markets: Johannesburg, South Africa 282
- Dark tourism, ecocide and Alpine ski resorts: the Alps, Europe 288
- Boho Zone: Middlesbrough, UK 293
- One Hyde Park: London, UK 299
- Amazon warehouse tours: Rugeley, UK or virtual tour 305
- Disney World: Orlando, Florida, USA 315
- Conclusion 322
- References 325
- Index 394