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Effect of hydrogen on the mechanical properties of the β titanium alloy Timetal® 21S

  • Ali Senemmar and Hans-Jürgen Christ EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: December 7, 2021
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International Journal of Materials Research
From the journal International Journal of Materials Research Volume 93 Issue 7

Abstract

In order to characterise the influence of hydrogen on the mechanical properties of the β titanium alloy Timetal®21S, monotonic tensile tests as well as total strain-controlled fatigue tests were performed on cylindrical samples. Different microstructures were established by heat treatment prior to mechanical testing. Hydrogen charging was carried out from the gas phase during different steps of the heat treatment. The results obtained from hydrogen-charged and hydrogen-free specimens deviate strongly when the material undergoes microstructural changes during the heat treatment. A correlation of mechanical test results with electron microscopy observations indicate that the direct (intrinsic) influence of hydrogen is small and that the indirect (extrinsic) influence prevails. The main change in the microstructure is a result of the β-stabilizing effect of hydrogen, leading to a reduction in volume fraction of secondary α formed during aging.

Abstract

Um den Einfluss von Wasserstoff auf die mechanischen Eigenschaften der β-Titanlegierung Timetal® 21 zu erfassen, wurden Zugversuche und totaldehnungsgeregelte Ermüdungsversuche an zylindrischen Proben durchgeführt. Unterschiedliche Gefüge wurde mittels Wärmebehandlung vor den mechanischen Versuchen eingestellt. Die Beladung mit Wasserstoff erfolgte aus der Gasphase während der Wärmebehandlung. Ein Vergleich der an wasserstoffbeladenen und an wasserstofffreien Proben gewonnenen Ergebnisse zeigt, dass starke Unterschiede im Verhalten nur dann vorliegen, wenn der Werkstoff eine Gefügeveränderung während der Wärmebehandlung erfährt. Die Korrelation der Ergebnisse der mechanischen Versuche mit den Beobachtungen aus elektronenmikroskopischen Untersuchungen weist darauf hin, dass der direkte (intrinsische)Wasserstoffeinfluss im Vergleich zum (indirekten) extrinsischen gering ist. Die wichtigste Veränderung des Gefüges folgt aus der β-stabilisierenden Wirkung von Wasserstoff und besteht in einer Verringerung des Volumenbruchteils der während der Auslagerung gebildeten α-Phase.

Keywords: Titanium alloys; Cyclic deformation behaviour; Hydrogen effect; Microstructural changes; Heat treatment

Dedicated to Professor Dr. Haël Mughrabi on the occasion of his 65th birthday

The authors would like to thank the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft for financial support of the project.

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Hans-Jürgen Christ Institut für Werkstofftechnik Universität Siegen D-57068 Siegen, Germany Tel.: +49 271 740 4657 Fax: +49 271 740 2545

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Received: 2002-03-02
Published Online: 2021-12-07
Published in Print: 2021-12-07

© 2002 Carl Hanser Verlag, München

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Editorial
  3. Editorial
  4. Articles/Aufsätze
  5. A model for the work hardening of WC–Co “hard metals”
  6. On the dispersion strengthening mechanisms in ODS materials
  7. Effect of hydrogen on the mechanical properties of the β titanium alloy Timetal® 21S
  8. Cyclic deformation behaviour of (α + β) titanium alloys under complex mechanical and physiological loading conditions
  9. Assessment of the influence of interdendritic shrinkage cavities on the thermo-mechanical fatigue behaviour of the nickel-base superalloy MAR-M247LC
  10. Effects of static strain aging on residual stress stability and alternating bending strength of shot peened AISI 4140
  11. On the possibilities to enhance the fatigue properties of ultrafine-grained metals
  12. New method of determining stress relaxation behavior in creep machines by controlled unloading
  13. Creep of binary Ni-rich NiTi shape memory alloys and the influence of pre-creep on martensitic transformations
  14. Interaction of high-cycle fatigue with high-temperature creep in superalloy single crystals
  15. A unified description of creep in pure and dispersion-strengthened copper
  16. A new interpretation of flow-stress measurements of high-purity NiAl below room temperature
  17. A mesoscopic plasticity model accounting for spatial fluctuations of plastic strains, internal stresses and dislocation densities
  18. Behavior of X-ray peak widths in the Wilkens model of a restrictedly random distribution of dislocations
  19. Dislocation structure and crystallite size distribution in hexagonal nanomaterials from X-ray peak profile analysis
  20. Werden gewichtsoptimiert konstruierte Bauteile durch die Verwendung von Leichtmetallen wirklich leichter?*)
  21. Strain-induced martensite formation in metastable austenitic steels with varying carbon content
  22. Isothermal bainitic transformation in low alloy steels: factors limiting prediction of the resulting material’s properties
  23. Fatigue damage evolution in a particulate-reinforced metal matrix composite determined by acoustic emission and compliance method
  24. Microstructure and modification mechanisms of Si phase in as-thixoformed alloy A356
  25. Influence of size effect on microstructural changes in cyclically deformed polycrystalline nickel
  26. Self-diffusion of 71Ge and 31Si in Si –Ge alloys
  27. On localised corrosive attack, stress corrosion cracking and corrosion fatigue effects in a hardmetal cutting-tool material
  28. The internal stress during growth of SiC single crystals
  29. Notifications/Mitteilungen
  30. Personal/Personelles
  31. Books/Bücher
  32. DGM Conferences/Training
https://doi.org/10.3139/ijmr-2002-0105
Keywords for this article
Titanium alloys; Cyclic deformation behaviour; Hydrogen effect; Microstructural changes; Heat treatment

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Editorial
  3. Editorial
  4. Articles/Aufsätze
  5. A model for the work hardening of WC–Co “hard metals”
  6. On the dispersion strengthening mechanisms in ODS materials
  7. Effect of hydrogen on the mechanical properties of the β titanium alloy Timetal® 21S
  8. Cyclic deformation behaviour of (α + β) titanium alloys under complex mechanical and physiological loading conditions
  9. Assessment of the influence of interdendritic shrinkage cavities on the thermo-mechanical fatigue behaviour of the nickel-base superalloy MAR-M247LC
  10. Effects of static strain aging on residual stress stability and alternating bending strength of shot peened AISI 4140
  11. On the possibilities to enhance the fatigue properties of ultrafine-grained metals
  12. New method of determining stress relaxation behavior in creep machines by controlled unloading
  13. Creep of binary Ni-rich NiTi shape memory alloys and the influence of pre-creep on martensitic transformations
  14. Interaction of high-cycle fatigue with high-temperature creep in superalloy single crystals
  15. A unified description of creep in pure and dispersion-strengthened copper
  16. A new interpretation of flow-stress measurements of high-purity NiAl below room temperature
  17. A mesoscopic plasticity model accounting for spatial fluctuations of plastic strains, internal stresses and dislocation densities
  18. Behavior of X-ray peak widths in the Wilkens model of a restrictedly random distribution of dislocations
  19. Dislocation structure and crystallite size distribution in hexagonal nanomaterials from X-ray peak profile analysis
  20. Werden gewichtsoptimiert konstruierte Bauteile durch die Verwendung von Leichtmetallen wirklich leichter?*)
  21. Strain-induced martensite formation in metastable austenitic steels with varying carbon content
  22. Isothermal bainitic transformation in low alloy steels: factors limiting prediction of the resulting material’s properties
  23. Fatigue damage evolution in a particulate-reinforced metal matrix composite determined by acoustic emission and compliance method
  24. Microstructure and modification mechanisms of Si phase in as-thixoformed alloy A356
  25. Influence of size effect on microstructural changes in cyclically deformed polycrystalline nickel
  26. Self-diffusion of 71Ge and 31Si in Si –Ge alloys
  27. On localised corrosive attack, stress corrosion cracking and corrosion fatigue effects in a hardmetal cutting-tool material
  28. The internal stress during growth of SiC single crystals
  29. Notifications/Mitteilungen
  30. Personal/Personelles
  31. Books/Bücher
  32. DGM Conferences/Training
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