Preparation of a miniaturised iodide ion selective sensor using polypyrrole and pencil lead: effect of double-coating, electropolymerisation time, and current density
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Mehrdad Gholami
,
Abdol-Majid Ghasemi
Abstract
Polypyrrole (PPy) is a conducting polymer which can be used for producing different ion-selective electrodes. An iodide-doped (PPy-iodide) was prepared electrochemically by anodic polymerisation of pyrrole in the presence of an iodide ion in an aqueous solution on the surface of a pencil lead. Polymerisation was investigated under galvanostatic conditions. The effects of electropolymerisation conditions on the characteristics of the potential response of the sensor were examined. Concentrations of pyrrole, iodide ions, and conditioning solution plus current density and the time of electropolymerisation were optimised in relation to the slope and linearity of calibration graphs. This electrode showed a Nernstian behaviour of 61.1 mV per decade for I− ion over a wide concentration range from 1.0 × 10−5 M to 1.0 × 10−1 M, with the limit of detection of 9.3 × 10−6 M. The response time of the electrode was from 3–5 s. The selectivity coefficients of the prepared sensors over a wide spectrum of interference anions were also evaluated, revealing that selectivity improves as a result of double-coating with PPy. A similar improvement was observed under lower current density and longer electropolymerisation time. This sensor was applied in the determination of iodide ions using titration potentiometry. This electrode can be used for the determination of iodide in drug preparations.
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© 2013 Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences
Articles in the same Issue
- Recent trends and progress in research into structure and properties of polyaniline and polypyrrole — Topical Issue
- Printing polyaniline for sensor applications
- Carbonised polyaniline and polypyrrole: towards advanced nitrogen-containing carbon materials
- Conducting polymer-silver composites
- Electrorheological response of polyaniline and its hybrids
- Effect of PPy/PEG conducting polymer film on electrochemical performance of LiFePO4 cathode material for Li-ion batteries
- Polyaniline micro-/nanostructures: morphology control and formation mechanism exploration
- Self-assembly of aniline oligomers and their induced polyaniline supra-molecular structures
- Self-organization of polyaniline during oxidative polymerization: formation of granular structure
- Influence of ethanol on the chain-ordering of carbonised polyaniline
- X-ray absorption spectroscopy of nanostructured polyanilines
- Effect of cations on polyaniline morphology
- Preparation of polyaniline in the presence of polymeric sulfonic acids mixtures: the role of intermolecular interactions between polyacids
- Chemical degradation of polyaniline by reaction with Fenton’s reagent — a spectroelectrochemical study
- Thin mesoporous polyaniline films manifesting a water-promoted photovoltaic effect
- Polyamide grafted with polypyrrole: formation, properties, and stability
- Effect of ionic liquid on polyaniline chemically synthesised under falling-pH conditions
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- Electrical transport properties of poly(aniline-co-p-phenylenediamine) and its composites with incorporated silver particles
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- Multi-wall carbon nanotubes with nitrogen-containing carbon coating
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Articles in the same Issue
- Recent trends and progress in research into structure and properties of polyaniline and polypyrrole — Topical Issue
- Printing polyaniline for sensor applications
- Carbonised polyaniline and polypyrrole: towards advanced nitrogen-containing carbon materials
- Conducting polymer-silver composites
- Electrorheological response of polyaniline and its hybrids
- Effect of PPy/PEG conducting polymer film on electrochemical performance of LiFePO4 cathode material for Li-ion batteries
- Polyaniline micro-/nanostructures: morphology control and formation mechanism exploration
- Self-assembly of aniline oligomers and their induced polyaniline supra-molecular structures
- Self-organization of polyaniline during oxidative polymerization: formation of granular structure
- Influence of ethanol on the chain-ordering of carbonised polyaniline
- X-ray absorption spectroscopy of nanostructured polyanilines
- Effect of cations on polyaniline morphology
- Preparation of polyaniline in the presence of polymeric sulfonic acids mixtures: the role of intermolecular interactions between polyacids
- Chemical degradation of polyaniline by reaction with Fenton’s reagent — a spectroelectrochemical study
- Thin mesoporous polyaniline films manifesting a water-promoted photovoltaic effect
- Polyamide grafted with polypyrrole: formation, properties, and stability
- Effect of ionic liquid on polyaniline chemically synthesised under falling-pH conditions
- Polyaniline doped with poly(acrylamidomethylpropanesulphonic acid): electrochemical behaviour and conductive properties in neutral solutions
- Electrical transport properties of poly(aniline-co-p-phenylenediamine) and its composites with incorporated silver particles
- Bi-hybrid coatings: polyaniline-montmorillonite filler in organic-inorganic polymer matrix
- Preparation of aqueous polyaniline-vesicle suspensions with class III peroxidases. Comparison between horseradish peroxidase isoenzyme C and soybean peroxidase
- Preparation, characterisation, and dielectric properties of polypyrrole-clay composites
- Multi-wall carbon nanotubes with nitrogen-containing carbon coating
- Conducting poly(o-anisidine)-coated steel electrodes for supercapacitors
- Conducting polyaniline/multi-wall carbon nanotubes composite paints on low carbon steel for corrosion protection: electrochemical investigations
- Preparation of a miniaturised iodide ion selective sensor using polypyrrole and pencil lead: effect of double-coating, electropolymerisation time, and current density
- Role of polyaniline morphology in Pd particles dispersion. Hydrogenation of alkynes in the presence of Pd-polyaniline catalysts
- Nanostructured polyaniline-coated anode for improving microbial fuel cell power output
- Antibacterial properties of polyaniline-silver films
- Effect of compression pressure on mechanical and electrical properties of polyaniline pellets
