Multi-wall carbon nanotubes with nitrogen-containing carbon coating

[1] Bavastrello, V., Terencio, T. B. C., & Nicolini, C. (2011). Synthesis and characterization of polyaniline derivatives and related carbon nanotubes nanocomposites — Study of optical properties and band gap calculation. Polymer, 52, 46–54. DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.10.022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2010.10.02210.1016/j.polymer.2010.10.022Search in Google Scholar

[2] Bober, P., Stejskal, J., Špírková, M., Varga, M., & Prokeš, J. (2010). Conducting polyaniline-montmorillonite composites. Synthetic Metals, 160, 2596–2604. DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2010.10.010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2010.10.01010.1016/j.synthmet.2010.10.010Search in Google Scholar

[3] Chiou, N. R., & Epstein, A. J. (2005). Polyaniline nanofibers prepared by dilute polymerization. Advanced Materials, 17, 1679–1683. DOI: 10.1002/adma.200401000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.20040100010.1002/adma.200401000Search in Google Scholar

[4] Ding, M. N., Tang, Y. F., Gou, P. P., Reber, M. J., & Star, A. (2011). Chemical sensing with polyaniline coated single-walled carbon nanotubes. Advanced Materials, 23, 536–540. DOI: 10.1002/adma.201003304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.20100330410.1002/adma.201003304Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[5] Dresselhaus, M. S., Dresselhaus, G., & Hofmann, M. (2008). Raman spectroscopy as a probe of graphene and carbon nanotubes. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A-Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences, 366, 231–236. DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2007.2155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2007.215510.1098/rsta.2007.2155Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[6] Gajendran, P., & Saraswathi, R. (2008). Polyaniline-carbon nanotube composites. Pure and Applied Chemistry, 80, 2377–2395. DOI: 10.1351/pac200880112377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac20088011237710.1351/pac200880112377Search in Google Scholar

[7] Gavrilov, N., Dasić-Tomić, M., Pašti, I., Ćirić-Marjanović, G., & Mentus, S. (2011). Carbonized polyaniline nanotubes/nanosheets-supported Pt nanoparticles: Synthesis, characterization and electrocatalysis. Materials Letters, 65, 962–965. DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2010.12.044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2010.12.04410.1016/j.matlet.2010.12.044Search in Google Scholar

[8] Ghosh, S., & Raj, C. R. (2010). Facile in situ synthesis of multiwall carbon nanotube supported flowerlike Pt nanostructures: An efficient electrocatalyst for fuel cell application. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 114, 10843–10849. DOI: 10.1021/jp100551e. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp100551e10.1021/jp100551eSearch in Google Scholar

[9] Hesse, R., Streubel, P., & Szargan, R. (2005). Improved accuracy of quantitative XPS analysis using predetermined spectrometer transmission functions with UNIFIT 2004. Surface and Interface Analysis, 37, 589–607. DOI: 10.1002/sia.2056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.205610.1002/sia.2056Search in Google Scholar

[10] Hsu, C. H., Wu, H. M., & Kuo, P. L. (2010). Excellent performance of Pt0 on high nitrogen-containing carbon nanotubes using aniline as nitrogen/carbon source, dispersant, and stabilizer. Chemical Communications, 46, 7628–7630. DOI: 10.1039/c0cc02018d. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c0cc02018d10.1039/c0cc02018dSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

[11] Im, J. S., Kim, J. G., Lee, S. H., & Lee, Y. S. (2010). Enhanced adhesion and dispersion of carbon nanotube in PANI/PEO electrospun fibers for shielding effectiveness of electromagnetic interference. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 364, 151–157. DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2010.05.015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2010.05.01510.1016/j.colsurfa.2010.05.015Search in Google Scholar

[12] Jiménez, P., Castell, P., Sainz, R., Anson, A., Martinez, M. T., Benito, A. M., & Maser, W. K. (2010). Carbon nanotube effect on polyaniline morphology in water dispersible composites. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 114, 1579–1585. DOI: 10.1021/jp909093e. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp909093e10.1021/jp909093eSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

[13] Jin, C., Nagaiah, T. C., Xia, W., Spliethoff, B., Wang, S. S., Bron, M., Shuhmann, W., & Muhler, M. (2010). Metal-free and electrocatalytically active nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes synthesized by coating with polyaniline. Nanoscale, 2, 981–987. DOI: 10.1039/b9nr00405j. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b9nr00405j10.1039/b9nr00405jSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

[14] Jiříček, P. (1994). Measurement of the transmission function of the hemispherical energy analyser of ADES 400 electron spectrometer. Czechoslovak Journal of Physics, 44, 261–267. DOI: 10.1007/bf01694490. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF0169449010.1007/BF01694490Search in Google Scholar

[15] Kelemen, S. R., Afeworki, M., Gorbaty, M. L., Kwiatek, P. J., Solum, M. S., Hu, J. Z., & Pugmire, R. J. (2002). XPS and 15N NMR study of nitrogen forms in carbonaceous solids. Energy & Fuels, 16, 1507–1515. DOI: 10.1021/ef0200828. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef020082810.1021/ef0200828Search in Google Scholar

[16] Kieffel, Y., Travers, J. P., Ermolieff, A., & Rouchon, D. (2002). Thermal aging of undoped polyaniline: Effect of chemical degradation on electrical properties. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 86, 395–404. DOI: 10.1002/app.10981. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1098110.1002/app.10981Search in Google Scholar

[17] Konyushenko, E. N., Stejskal, J., Trchová, M., Hradil, J., Kovářová, J., Cieslar, M., Hwang, J. Y., Chen, K. H., & Sapurina, I. (2006). Multi-wall carbon nanotubes coated with polyaniline. Polymer, 47, 5715–5723. DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.05.059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2006.05.05910.1016/j.polymer.2006.05.059Search in Google Scholar

[18] Konyushenko, E. N., Kazantseva, N. E., Stejskal, J., Trchová, M., Kovářová O. V., & Prokeš, J. (2008). Ferromagnetic behaviour of polyaniline-coated multi-wall carbon nanotubes containing nickel nanoparticles. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 320, 231–240. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmmm.2007.05.036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2007.05.03610.1016/j.jmmm.2007.05.036Search in Google Scholar

[19] Kuo, P. L., & Hsu, C. H. (2011). Stabilization of embedded Pt nanoparticles in the novel nanostructure carbon materials. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 3, 115–118. DOI: 10.1021/am1010089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/am101008910.1021/am1010089Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[20] Kuo, P. L., Hsu, C. H., Wu, H. M., Hsu, W. S., & Kuo, D. (2012). Controllable-nitrogen doped carbon layer surrounding carbon nanotubes as novel carbon support for oxygen reduction reaction. Fuel Cells, 12, 649–655. DOI: 10.1002/fuce.201100130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fuce.20110013010.1002/fuce.201100130Search in Google Scholar

[21] Kyotani, M., Goto, H., Suda, K., Nagai, T., Matsui, Y., & Akagi, K. (2008). Tubular-shaped nanocarbons prepared from polyaniline synthesized by a self-assembly process and their electrical conductivity. Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 8, 1999–2004. DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2008.041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.04110.1166/jnn.2008.041Search in Google Scholar

[22] Laslau, C., Zujovic, Z. D., Zhang, L. J., Bowmaker, G. A., & Travas-Sejdic, J. (2009). Morphological evolution of self-assembled polyaniline nanostuctures obtained by pH-stat chemical oxidation. Chemistry of Materials, 21, 954–962. DOI: 10.1021/cm803447a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm803447a10.1021/cm803447aSearch in Google Scholar

[23] Lei, Z. B., Zhao, M. Y., Dang, L. Q., An, L. Z., Lu, M., Lo, A. Y., Yu, N. Y., & Liu, S. B. (2009). Structural evolution and electrocatalytic application of nitrogen-doped carbon shells synthesized by pyrolysis of near-monodisperse polyaniline nanospheres. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 19, 5985–5995. DOI: 10.1039/b908223a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b908223a10.1039/b908223aSearch in Google Scholar

[24] Lesiak, B., Jablonski, A., Zemek, J., Trchová, M., & Stejskal, J. (2000). Determination of the inelastic mean free path of electrons in different polyaniline samples. Langmuir, 16, 1415–1423. DOI: 10.1021/la990699q. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la990699q10.1021/la990699qSearch in Google Scholar

[25] Li, W., & Kim, D. (2011). Polyaniline/multiwall carbon nanotube nanocomposite for detecting aromatic hydrocarbon vapors. Journal of Materials Science, 46, 1857–1861. DOI: 10.1007/s10853-010-5013-3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-010-5013-310.1007/s10853-010-5013-3Search in Google Scholar

[26] Liao, Y. Z., Zhang, C., Zhang, Y., Strong, V., Tang, J. S., Li, X. G., Kalantar-Zadeh, K., Hoek, E. M. V., Wang, K. L., & Kaner, R. B. (2011). Carbon nanotube/polyaniline composite nanofibers: Facile synthesis and chemosensors. Nano Letters, 11, 954–959. DOI: 10.1021/nl103322b. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl103322b10.1021/nl103322bSearch in Google Scholar PubMed

[27] Lindfors, T., & Ivaska, A. (2005). Raman based pH measurements with polyaniline. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, 580, 320–329. DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2005.03.042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2005.03.04210.1016/j.jelechem.2005.03.042Search in Google Scholar

[28] Liu, S., Wang, J. Q., Zhang, D., Zhang, P. L., Ou, J. F., Liu, B., & Yang, S. R. (2010). Investigation on cell biocompatible behaviors of polyaniline film fabricated via electroless surface polymerization. Applied Surface Science, 256, 3427–3431. DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2009.12.046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2009.12.04610.1016/j.apsusc.2009.12.046Search in Google Scholar

[29] Lobotka, P., Kunzo, P., Kovacova, E., Vavra, I., Krizanova, Z., Smatko, V., Stejskal, J., Konyushenko, E. N., Omastova, M., Spitalsky, Z., Micusik, M., & Krupa, I. (2011). Thin polyaniline and polyaniline/carbon nanocomposite films for gas sensing. Thin Solid Films, 519, 4123–4127. DOI: 10.1016/j.tsf.2011.01.177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2011.01.17710.1016/j.tsf.2011.01.177Search in Google Scholar

[30] Lu, X. F., Zhang, W. J., Wang, C., Wen, T. C., & Wei, Y. (2011). One-dimensional conducting polymer nanocomposites: Synthesis, properties, and applications. Progress in Polymer Science, 36, 671–712. DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2010.07.010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2010.07.01010.1016/j.progpolymsci.2010.07.010Search in Google Scholar

[31] Mentus, S., Ćirić-Marjanović, G., Trchová, M., & Stejskal, J. (2009). Conducting carbonized polyaniline nanotubes. Nanotechnology, 20, 245601. DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/20/24/245601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/20/24/24560110.1088/0957-4484/20/24/245601Search in Google Scholar

[32] Morávková, Z., Trchová, M., Tomšík, E., Čechvala, J., & Stejskal, J. (2012). Enhanced thermal stability of multiwalled carbon nanotubes after coating with polyaniline salt. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 97, 1405–1414. DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2012.05.019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2012.05.01910.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2012.05.019Search in Google Scholar

[33] Qiu, Y. J., Yu, J., Fang, G., Shi, H., Zhou, X. S., & Bai, X. D. (2008). Synthesis of carbon/carbon core/shell nanotubes with a high specific surface area. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 113, 61-68. DOI: 10.1021/jp806971e. 10.1021/jp806971eSearch in Google Scholar

[34] Robertson, J. (2002). Diamond-like amorphous carbon. Materials Science and Engineering R: Reports, 37, 129–281. DOI: 10.1016/s0927-796x(02)00005-0. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0927-796X(02)00005-010.1016/S0927-796X(02)00005-0Search in Google Scholar

[35] Rozlívková, Z., Trchová, M., Exnerová, M., & Stejskal, J. (2011). The carbonization of granular polyaniline to produce nitrogen-containing carbon. Synthetic Metals, 161, 1122–1129. DOI: 10.1016/j.synthmet.2011.03.034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2011.03.03410.1016/j.synthmet.2011.03.034Search in Google Scholar

[36] Sapurina, I., & Stejskal, J. (2008). The mechanism of the oxidative polymerization of aniline and the formation of supramolecular polyaniline structures. Polymer International, 57, 1295–1325. DOI: 10.1002/pi.2476. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pi.247610.1002/pi.2476Search in Google Scholar

[37] Scofield, J. H. (1976). Hartree-Slater subshell photoionization cross-sections at 1254 and 1487 eV. Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena, 8, 129–137. DOI: 10.1016/0368-2048(76)80015-1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0368-2048(76)80015-110.1016/0368-2048(76)80015-1Search in Google Scholar

[38] Shirley, D. A. (1972). High-resolution X-ray photoemission spectrum of the valence bands of gold. Physical Review B, 5, 4709–4715. DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.5.4709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.5.470910.1103/PhysRevB.5.4709Search in Google Scholar

[39] Špitalskějka, L., Šlouf, M., Konyushenko, E. N., Kovářová of carbon nanotubes and its effect on properties of carbon nanotube/epoxy nanocomposites. Polymer Composites, 30, 1378–1387. DOI: 10.1002/pc.20701. 10.1002/pc.20701Search in Google Scholar

[40] Stejskal, J., & Gilbert, R. G. (2002). Polyaniline. Preparation of a conducting polymer (IUPAC technical report). Pure and Applied Chemistry, 74, 857–867. DOI: 10.1351/pac200274050857. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac20027405085710.1351/pac200274050857Search in Google Scholar

[41] Stejskal, J., Sapurina, I., Prokeš, J., & Zemek, J. (1999). In-situ polymerized polyaniline films. Synthetic Metals, 105, 195–202. DOI: 10.1016/s0379-6779 (99)00105-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0379-6779(99)00105-810.1016/S0379-6779(99)00105-8Search in Google Scholar

[42] Stejskal, J., Trchová, M., Fedorova, S., Sapurina, I., & Zemek, J. (2003). Surface polymerization of aniline on silica gel. Langmuir, 19, 3013–3018. DOI: 10.1021/la026672f. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la026672f10.1021/la026672fSearch in Google Scholar

[43] Stejskal, J., Sapurina, I., & Trchová, M. (2010). Polyaniline nanostructures and the role of aniline oligomers in their formation. Progress in Polymer Science, 35, 1420–1481. DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2010.07.006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2010.07.00610.1016/j.progpolymsci.2010.07.006Search in Google Scholar

[44] Terrones, M., Jorio, A., Endo, M., Rao, A. M., Kim, Y. A., Hayashi, T., Terrones, H., Charlier, J. C., Dresselhaus, G., & Dresselhaus, M. S. (2004). New direction in nanotube science. Materials Today, 7, 30–45. DOI: 10.1016/s1369-7021(04)00447-x. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1369-7021(04)00447-X10.1016/S1369-7021(04)00447-XSearch in Google Scholar

[45] Tran, H. D., D’Arcy, J. M., Wang, Y., Beltramo, P. J., Strong, V. A., & Kaner, R. B. (2011). The oxidation of aniline to produce ”polyaniline”: a process yielding many different nanoscale structures. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 21, 3534–3550. DOI: 10.1039/c0jm02699a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c0jm02699a10.1039/C0JM02699ASearch in Google Scholar

[46] Trchová, M., & Stejskal, J. (2011). Polyaniline: The infrared spectroscopy of conducting polymer nanotubes (IUPAC technical report). Pure and Applied Chemistry, 83, 1803–1817. DOI: 10.1351/pac-rep-10-02-01. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/PAC-REP-10-02-0110.1351/PAC-REP-10-02-01Search in Google Scholar

[47] Trchová, M., Konyushenko, E. N., Stejskal, J., Kovářová J., & Ćirić-Marjanović, G. (2009). The conversion of polyaniline nanotubes to nitrogen-containing carbon nanotubes and their comparison with multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 94, 929–938. DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2009.03.001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2009.03.00110.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2009.03.001Search in Google Scholar

[48] Trchová, M., Morávková, Z., Šeděnkov Spectroscopy of thin polyaniline films deposited during chemical oxidation of aniline. Chemical Papers, 66, 415–445. DOI: 10.2478/s11696-012-0142-6. 10.2478/s11696-012-0142-6Search in Google Scholar

[49] Wei, D., Wang, H. L., Hiralal, P., Andrew, P., Ryhänen, T., Hayashi, Y., & Amaratunga, G. A. J. (2010). Template-free electrochemical nanofabrication of polyaniline nanobrush and hybrid polyaniline with carbon nanohorns for supercapacitors. Nanotechnology, 21, 435702. DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/21/43/435702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/21/43/43570210.1088/0957-4484/21/43/435702Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[50] Yan, X. B., Tai, Z. X., Chen, J. T., & Xue, Q. J. (2011). Fabrication of carbon nanofiber-polyaniline composite flexible paper for supercapacitor. Nanoscale, 3, 212–216. DOI: 10.1039/c0nr00470g. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c0nr00470g10.1039/C0NR00470GSearch in Google Scholar

[51] Yang, M. M., Cheng, B., Song, H. H., & Chen, X. H. (2010). Preparation and electrochemical performance of polyaniline-based carbon nanotubes as electrode material for supercapacitor. Electrochimica Acta, 55, 7021–7027. DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.06.077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2010.06.07710.1016/j.electacta.2010.06.077Search in Google Scholar

[52] Zhang, K., Zhang, L. L., Zhao, X. S., & Wu, J. S. (2010). Graphene/polyaniline nanoriber composites as supercapacitor electrodes. Chemistry of Materials, 22, 1392–1401. DOI: 10.1021/cm902876u. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cm902876u10.1021/cm902876uSearch in Google Scholar

[53] Zhang, X. J., Pei, H., & Shen, Z. M. (2011). Carbon fiber paper modified with carbon nanotube for proton exchange membrane fuel cell. Advanced Materials Research, 139–141, 76–79. DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.139-141.76. 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.139-141.76Search in Google Scholar

[54] Zhao, X. S., Li, W. Z., Jiang, L. H., Zhou, W. J., Xin, Q., Yi, B. L., & Sun, G. Q. (2004). Multi-wall carbon nanotube supported Pt-Sn nanoparticles as an anode catalyst for the direct ethanol fuel cell. Carbon, 42, 3263–3265. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2004.07.031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2004.07.03110.1016/j.carbon.2004.07.031Search in Google Scholar

[55] Zhou, Y., Qin, Z. Y., Li, L., Zhang, Y., Wei, Y. L., Wang, L. F., & Zhu, M. F. (2010). Polyaniline/multi-walled carbon nanotube composites with core-shell structures as supercapacitor electrode materials. Electrochimica Acta, 55, 3904–3908. DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.02.022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2010.02.02210.1016/j.electacta.2010.02.022Search in Google Scholar