First report of molecular identification of Cystoisospora suis in piglets with lethal diarrhea in Japan

Makoto Matsubayashi; Hideko Takayama; Masahiro Kusumoto; Misato Murata; Yuka Uchiyama; Masaya Kaji; Kazumi Sasai; Ryosaku Yamaguchi; Tomoyuki Shibahara

doi:10.1515/ap-2016-0054

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First report of molecular identification of Cystoisospora suis in piglets with lethal diarrhea in Japan

Makoto Matsubayashi , Hideko Takayama , Masahiro Kusumoto , Misato Murata , Yuka Uchiyama , Masaya Kaji , Kazumi Sasai , Ryosaku Yamaguchi und Tomoyuki Shibahara

Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 30. März 2016

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Aus der Zeitschrift Acta Parasitologica Band 61 Heft 2

Abstract

Cystoisospora suis is a pathogen that causes diarrhea in pigs and can lead to serious disease. Species identification, especially by histopathological examination, is often difficult because of morphologically similar parasites such as Eimeria species. In this study, we used histopathological, bacteriological, virological, and parasitological methods to identify the cause of the disease in two piglets with severe diarrhea. Villous atrophy, diffuse necrosis, and flattening of mucosal epithelial cells were found in the ilea of examined piglets, and coccidian parasites were found in the cytoplasm of the epithelial cells. In some merozoites in the meronts, the presence of two nuclei indicated type 1 merozoites, characteristic of C. suis. According to Cystoisospora-specific PCR targeting the rRNA internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) gene, the sequences of the products were 98.5% similar to those of C. suis. Escherichia coli (O149 serogroup) exhibiting a virulence factor profile (LT, STb, and EAST1 as toxins and F4 as a colonization factor) was detected in one piglet. No other bacteria or significant enteric viruses were found. Co-infection with C. suis and E. coli could imply aggravation of the disease, although further study is needed to assess the pathogenicity of this interaction. This study is the first to clarify by molecular analysis the sequences of C. suis detected in piglets in Japan.

Keywords: Cystoisospora suis; Escherichia coli; ITS1 gene; piglet

Acknowledgments

We thank Mr. M. Kobayashi and Ms. M. Shimada for histopathological assistance and Dr. M. Ikezawa, Dr. B. Xiao, Mr. R. Niwa, and Ms. T. Itahashi for useful advice and technical support.

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Abbreviations
CFU: colony-forming units
DHL: deoxycholate-hydrogen sulfide-lactose
ND: not done
PCR: polymerase chain reaction
PED: porcine epidemic diarrhea virus
RT-PCR: reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction
SBA: sheep blood agar
TGE: transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus
YCW: Clostridium welchii with egg yolk.

Received: 2015-10-22

Revised: 2015-11-19

Accepted: 2016-1-14

Published Online: 2016-3-30

Published in Print: 2016-6-1

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Artikel in diesem Heft

https://doi.org/10.1515/ap-2016-0054

Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel

Cystoisospora suis; Escherichia coli; ITS1 gene; piglet