CIAS detection of Fasciola hepatica/F. gigantica intermediate forms in bovines from Bangladesh
-
Syed Ali Ahasan
, Emdadul Haque Chowdhury
Abstract
Fascioliasis is an important food-borne parasitic zoonosis caused by two trematode species, Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica. The characterisation and differentiation of Fasciola populations is crucial to control the disease, given the different transmission, epidemiology and pathology characteristics of the two species. Lineal biometric features of adult liver flukes infecting livestock have been studied to characterise and discriminate fasciolids from Bangladesh. An accurate analysis was conducted to phenotypically discriminate between fasciolids from naturally infected bovines (cattle, buffaloes) throughout the country. Morphometric analyses were made with a computer image analysis system (CIAS) applied on the basis of standardised measurements and the logistic model of the body growth and development of fasciolids in the different host groups. Since it is the first ever comprehensive study of this kind undertaken in Bangladesh, the results are compared to pure fasciolid populations of F. hepatica from the European Mediterranean area and F. gigantica from Burkina Faso, geographical areas where both species do not co-exist. Principal component analysis showed that the biometric characteristics of fasciolids from Bangladesh are situated between F. hepatica and F. gigantica standard populations, indicating the presence of phenotypes of intermediate forms in Bangladesh. These results are analysed by considering the present emergence of animal fascioliasis, the local lymnaeid fauna, the impact of climate change, and the risk of human infection in the country.
Acknowledgements
Funds were provided by the Bangladesh Academy of Science-USDA LS-07 projects for research in the Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh and the Contingency Project for Institutional Development (Oracle Project Nos. 2060995 and RAS0066) of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). The present study was performed during the stay of the first author in the Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Spain, funded by a fellowship of the IAEA (Headquarters Vienna, Code No. BGD/13034).
Spanish collaboration funded by Projects No. SAF2010-20805 of the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Madrid, Spain; by Project No. RD12/0018/0013, Red de Investigación Cooperativa en Enfermedades Tropicales - RICET, IV National Program of I+D+I 2008-2011, ISCIII - Subdirección General de Redes y Centros de Investigación Cooperativa and FEDER, Ministry of Health and Consumption, Madrid, Spain; and by Project No. 2012/042 of the PROMETEO Program, Generalitat Valenciana, Valencia, Spain.
This study is part of the worldwide initiative of WHO (Headquarters Geneva, Switzerland) against human fascioliasis.
References
Afshan K., Valero M.A., Qayyum M., Peixoto R.V., Magraner A., Mas-Coma S. 2013. Phenotypes of intermediate forms of Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica in buffaloes from Central Punjab, Journal of Helminthology, 88, 417–426. DOI: 10.1017/S0022149X1300036910.1017/S0022149X13000369Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
Afshan K., Fortes-Lima C.A., Artigas P., Valero M.A., Qayyum M., Mas-Coma S. 2014. Impact of climate change and man-made irrigation systems on the transmission risk, long-term trend and seasonality of human and animal fascioliasis in Pakistan. Geospatial Health, 8, 317–33410.4081/gh.2014.22Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
Artigas P., Bargues M.D., Mera y Sierra R., Agramunt V.H., Mas-Coma S. 2011. Characterisation of fascioliasis lymnaeid intermediate hosts from Chile by DNA sequencing, with emphasis on Lymnaea viator and Galba truncatula. Acta Tropica, 120, 245–257. DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2011.09.00210.1016/j.actatropica.2011.09.002Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
Ashrafi K., Valero M.A., Panova M., Periago M.V., Massoud J., Mas-Coma S. 2006. Phenotypic analysis of adults of Fasciola hepaticaFasciola gigantica and intermediate forms from the endemic region of Guilan, Iran. Parasitology International, 55, 249–26010.1016/j.parint.2006.06.003Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
Ashrafi K., Valero M.A., Peixoto R.V., Artigas P., Panova M., Mas-Coma S. 2015. Distribution of Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica in the endemic area of Guilan, Iran: Relationships between zonal overlap and phenotypic traits. InfectionGenetics and Evolution, 31, 95–109. DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.01.00910.1016/j.meegid.2015.01.009Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
Bangladesh Academy of Science (BAS)-USDA, 2012. Annual Project Report of LS 07/2011 project, Mondal MMH, Bangladesh Agricultural University, MymensinghSuche in Google Scholar
Bargues M.D., Mas-Coma S. 2005. Reviewing lymnaeid vectors of fascioliasis by ribosomal DNA sequence analyses. Journal of Helminthology, 79, 257–26710.1079/JOH2005297Suche in Google Scholar
Bargues M.D., Artigas P., Mera y Sierra R.L., Pointier J.P., Mas-Coma S., 2007. Characterisation of Lymnaea cubensisL. viatrix and L. neotropica n. sp., the main vectors of Fasciola hepatica in Latin America, by analysis of their ribosomal and mitochondrial DNA. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 101, 621–64110.1179/136485907X229077Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
Bargues M.D., Artigas P., Khoubbane M., Flores R., Glöer P., Rojas-García R., Ashrafi K., Falkner G., Mas-Coma S. 2011a. Lymnaea schirazensis, an overlooked snail distorting fascioliasis data: genotype, phenotype, ecology, worldwide spread, susceptibility, applicability. PLoS ONE, 6, e24567, pp. 33 + 3 Suppl. Tables + 5 Suppl. Figures). DOI: 10.1371/journal. pone.002456710.1371/journal.pone.0024567Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
Bargues M.D., Gonzalez C., Artigas P., Mas-Coma S. 2011b. A new baseline for fascioliasis in Venezuela: lymnaeid vectors ascertained by DNA sequencing and analysis of their relationships with human and animal infection. Parasites & Vectors, 4, 200, pp. 18. DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-4-20010.1186/1756-3305-4-200Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
Bargues M.D., Artigas P., Khoubbane M., Mas-Coma S. 2011c. DNA sequence characterisation and phylogeography of Lymnaea cousini and related species, vectors of fascioliasis in northern Andean countries, with description of L. meridensis n. sp. (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae). Parasites & Vectors, 4, 132, pp. 22. DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-4-13210.1186/1756-3305-4-132Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
Bargues M.D., Artigas P., Khoubbane M., Ortiz P., Naquira C., Mas-Coma S. 2012. Molecular characterisation of Galba truncatulaLymnaea neotropica and L. schirazensis from Cajamarca, Peru and their potential role in transmission of human and animal fascioliasis. Parasites & Vectors, 5, 174, pp. 16. DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-5-17410.1186/1756-3305-5-174Suche in Google Scholar
Bhuiyan M.A. 1970. A survey of helminth parasitizing the liver of domesticated ruminants in East Pakistan. M.Sc. Thesis, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University (Former EPAU), MymensinghSuche in Google Scholar
Chen M.G., Mott K.E., 1990. Progress in assessment of morbidity due to Fasciola hepatica infection: a review of recent literature. Tropical Diseases Bulletin, 87, R1-R38Suche in Google Scholar
Chu J.K., Kim Y.K. 1967. Taxonomical study on the Fasciolidae in Korea. Korean Journal of Parasitology, 5, 139–14610.3347/kjp.1967.5.3.139Suche in Google Scholar
Dos-Reis S.P., Pessoa L.M., Strauss R.E. 1990. Application of size-free canonical discriminant analysis to studies of geographic differentiation. Brazilian Journal of Genetics, 13, 509–520Suche in Google Scholar
Dujardin J.P. 2008. Morphometrics applied to medical entomology. InfectionGenetics and Evolution, 8, 875–89010.1016/j.meegid.2008.07.011Suche in Google Scholar
Dujardin J.P., Le-Pont F. 2004. Geographical variation of metric properties within the neotropical sandflies. InfectionGenetics and Evolution, 4, 353–35910.1016/j.meegid.2004.05.001Suche in Google Scholar
Fuentes M.V., Valero M.A., Bargues M.D., Esteban J.G., Angles R., Mas-Coma S. 1999. Analysis of climatic data and forecast indices for human fascioliasis at very high altitude. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 93, 835–85010.1080/00034983.1999.11813491Suche in Google Scholar
Fuentes M.V., Malone J.B., Mas-Coma S. 2001. Validation of a mapping and predicting model for human fasciolosis transmission in Andean very high altitude endemic areas using remote sensing data. Acta Tropica, 79, 87–9510.1016/S0001-706X(01)00106-1Suche in Google Scholar
Girones N., Valero M.A., García-Bodelón M.A., Chico-Calero M.I., Punzón C., Fresno M., Mas-Coma S. 2007. Immune supression in advanced chronic fascioliasis: an experimental study in a rat model. Journal of infectious Diseases, 195, 1504–151210.1086/514822Suche in Google Scholar
Hossain M.M., Paul S., Rahman M.M., Hossain F.M.A., Hossain M.T., Islam M.R. 2011. Prevalence and economic significance of caprine fascioliasis at Sylhet district of Bangladesh. Pakistan Veterinary Journal, 3, 113–116Suche in Google Scholar
Ichikawa M., Bawn S., Mawd N.N., Htun L.L., Thein M., Gyi A., Sunn K., Katakura K., Itagaki T. 2011. Characterization of Fasciola spp. in Myanmar on the basis of spermatogenesis status and nuclear and mitochondrial DNA markers. Parasitology International, 60, 474–479. DOI: 10.1016/j.parint. 2011.08.00710.1016/j.parint.2011.08.007Suche in Google Scholar
IPCC. 2007. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Climate Change: Synthesis Report; Summary for Policymakers. Working Group contributions to the Fourth Assessment Report, IPCC Plenary XXVII (Valencia, Spain, 12–17 November 2007). Retrieved from: http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessmentreport/ar4/syr/ar4_syr_spm.pdfSuche in Google Scholar
Kendall S.B. 1954. Fascioliasis in Pakistan. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 43, 307-31310.1080/00034983.1954.11685628Suche in Google Scholar
Kendall S.B. 1965. Relationships between the species of Fasciola and the molluscan hosts. Advances in Parasitology, 3, 59–9810.1016/S0065-308X(08)60363-2Suche in Google Scholar
Kimura S., Shimizu A., Kawano J. 1984. Morphological observation on liver fluke detected from naturally infected carabaos in the Philippines. The Science Reports of the Faculty of AgricultureKobe University, 16, 353–357Suche in Google Scholar
Klingenberg C.P. 1996. Multivariate allometry. In: (Eds. L.F. Marcus, M. Corti, A. Loy, G.J.P. Naylor, D. Slice) Advances in Morphometrics. Proceedings of the 1993 NATO-ASI on Morphometrics, NATO ASI, Ser. A, Life Sciences. Plenum Publishers, New York, 23–49Suche in Google Scholar
Mas-Coma S., Valero M.A., Bargues M.D. 2008. Effects of climate change on animal and zoonotic helminthiases. Revue Scientifique et Technique de l’Office Internationale des Epizooties, 27, 443–45710.20506/rst.27.2.1822Suche in Google Scholar
Mas-Coma S., Valero M.A., Bargues M.D. 2009a. Fasciola, lymnaeids and human fascioliasis, with a global overview on disease transmission, epidemiology, evolutionary genetics, molecular epidemiology and control. Advances in Parasitology, 69, 41–146. DOI: 10.1016/S0065-308X(09)69002-310.1016/S0065-308X(09)69002-3Suche in Google Scholar
Mas-Coma, S., Valero, M.A., Bargues, M.D., 2009b. Climate change effects on trematodiases, with emphasis on zoonotic fascioliasis and schistosomiasis. Veterinary Parasitology, 163, 264–280. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.03.02410.1016/j.vetpar.2009.03.024Suche in Google Scholar
Mas-Coma S., Agramunt V.H., Valero M.A. 2014a. Neurological and ocular fascioliasis in humans. Advances in Parasitology, 84, 27–149. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-800099-1.00002-810.1016/B978-0-12-800099-1.00002-8Suche in Google Scholar
Mas-Coma S., Bargues M.D., Valero M.A. 2014b. Diagnosis of human fascioliasis by stool and blood techniques: Update for the present global scenario. Parasitology, 141, 1918–1946. DOI: 10.1017/S003118201400086910.1017/S0031182014000869Suche in Google Scholar
Moghaddam A.S., Massoud J., Mahmoodi M., Mahvi A.H., Periago M.V., Artigas P., Fuentes M.V., Bargues M.D., Mas-Coma S. 2004. Human and animal fascioliasis in Mazandaran province, northern Iran. Parasitology Research, 94, 61–6910.1007/s00436-004-1169-6Suche in Google Scholar
Mohanta U.K., Ichikawa-Seki M., Shoriki T., Katakura K., Itagaki T. 2014. Characteristics and molecular phylogeny of Fasciola flukes from Bangladesh, determined based on spermatogenesis and nuclear and mitochondrial DNA analyses. Parasitology Research, 113, 2493–2501. DOI: 10.1007/ s00436-014-3898-510.1007/s00436-014-3898-5Suche in Google Scholar
Nooruddin M., Islam K.S. 1996. Distribution and body size of Fasciola gigantica in livers of Bengal goats in Bangladesh. Small Ruminant Research, 19, 189–19110.1016/0921-4488(95)00738-5Suche in Google Scholar
Periago M.V., Valero M.A., Panova M., Mas-Coma S. 2006. Phenotypic comparison of allopatric populations of Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica from European and African bovines using a computer image analysis system (CIAS). Parasitology Research, 99, 368–37810.1007/s00436-006-0174-3Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
Periago M.V., Valero M.A., El-Sayed M., Ashrafi K., El-Wakeel A., Mohamed M.Y., Desquesnes M., Curtale F., Mas-Coma S. 2008. First phenotypic description of Fasciola hepatica/Fasciola gigantica intermediate forms from the human endemic area of the Nile Delta, Egypt. InfectionGenetics and Evolution, 8, 51–5810.1016/j.meegid.2007.10.001Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
Qureshi A.W., Tanveer A. 2009. Seroprevalence of fasciolosis in buffaloes and humans in some areas of Punjab, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Science, 61, 91–96Suche in Google Scholar
Qureshi A.W., Tanveer A., Qureshi S.W., Maqbool A., Gill T.J., Ali S.A. 2005. Epidemiology of human fasciolosis in rural areas of Lahore, Pakistan. Punjab University Journal of Zoology, 20, 159–168Suche in Google Scholar
Robertson A. 1976. Handbook on Animal Diseases in the Tropics. 3rd Edition. British Veterinary Association, 7 Mansfield Street, London W 1 M OAT, UK, pp. 227–230Suche in Google Scholar
Rohlf F.J., Marcus L.F. 1993. A revolution in morphometrics. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 8, 129–132. DOI: 10.1016/01695347(93)90024-J10.1016/0169-5347(93)90024-JSuche in Google Scholar
Spithill T.W., Smooker P.M., Copeman D.B. 1999. Fasciola gigantica: epidemiology, control, immunology and molecular biology. In: (Ed. J.P. Dalton) Fasciolosis, CAB International Publishing, Wallingford, 465–525Suche in Google Scholar
Srimuzipo P., Komalamisra C., Choochote W., Jitpakdi A., Vanichthanakorn P., Keha P., Riyong D., Sukontasan K., Komalamisra N., Sukontasan K., Tippawangkosol P. 2000. Comparative morphometry, morphology of egg and adult surface topography under light and scanning electron microscopies, and metaphase karyotype among three size-races of Fasciola gigantica in Thailand. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 31, 366–373Suche in Google Scholar
Terasaki K., Noda Y., Shibahara T., Itagaki T. 2000. Morphological comparisons and hypotheses on the origin of polyploids in parthenogenetic Fasciola sp. Journal of Parasitology, 86, 724–72910.1645/0022-3395(2000)086[0724:MCAHOT]2.0.CO;2Suche in Google Scholar
Torgerson P., Claxton J. 1999. Epidemiology and controlIn: (EdJ.P. Dalton) Fasciolosis, CAB International Publishing, Wallingford, 113–149Suche in Google Scholar
Valero M.A, Mas-Coma S. 2000. Comparative infectivity of Fasciola hepatica metacercariae from isolates of the main and secondary reservoir animal host species in the Bolivian Altiplano high human endemic region. Folia Parasitologica, 47, 17–2210.14411/fp.2000.004Suche in Google Scholar
Valero M.A., Marcos M.D., Fons R., Mas-Coma S. 1998. Fasciola hepatica development in experimentally infected black rat, Rattus rattus. Parasitology Research, 84, 188–19410.1007/s004360050381Suche in Google Scholar
Valero M.A., Darce N.A., Panova M., Mas-Coma S. 2001a. Relationships between host species and morphometric patterns in Fasciola hepatica adults and eggs from the Northern Bolivian Altiplano hyperendemic region. Veterinary Parasitology, 102, 85–10010.1016/S0304-4017(01)00499-XSuche in Google Scholar
Valero M.A., Panova M., Mas-Coma S. 2001b. Development differences in the uterus of Fasciola hepatica between livestock liver fluke populations from Bolivian highland and European lowlands. Parasitology Research, 87, 337–34210.1007/PL00008588Suche in Google Scholar
Valero M.A., Panova M., Comes A.M., Fons R., Mas-Coma S. 2002. Patterns in size and shedding of Fasciola hepatica eggs by naturally and experimentally infected murid rodents. Journal of Parasitology, 88, 308–31310.1645/0022-3395(2002)088[0308:PISASO]2.0.CO;2Suche in Google Scholar
Valero M.A., Santana M., Morales M., Hernandez J.L., Mas-Coma, S. 2003. Risk of gallstone disease in advanced chronic phase of fascioliasis: an experimental study in a rat model. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 188, 787–79310.1086/377281Suche in Google Scholar
Valero M.A., Panova M., Mas-Coma S. 2005. Phenotypic analysis of adults and eggs of Fasciola hepatica by computer image analysis system. Journal of Helminthology, 79, 217–22510.1079/JOH2005301Suche in Google Scholar
Valero M.A., Navarro M., Garcia-Bodelon M.A., Marcilla A., Morales M., Garcia J.E., Hernandez J.L., Mas-Coma S. 2006a. High risk of bacterobilia in advanced experimental chronic fasciolosis. Acta Tropica, 100, 17–2310.1016/j.actatropica.2006.09.002Suche in Google Scholar
Valero M.A., De Renzi M., Panova M., García-Bodelón MA, Periago M.V., Ordoñez D., Mas-Coma S. 2006b. Crowding effect on adult growth, pre-patent period and egg shedding of Fasciola hepatica. Parasitology. 133, 453–46310.1017/S003118200600059XSuche in Google Scholar PubMed
Valero M.A., Girones N., Garcia-Bodelon M.A., Periago M.V., Chico-Calero I., Khoubbane M., Fresno M., Mas-Coma S., 2008. Anaemia in advanced chronic fasciolosis. Acta Tropica, 108, 35–4310.1016/j.actatropica.2008.08.007Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
Valero M.A., Perez-Crespo I., Periago M.V., Khoubbane M., Mas-Coma S. 2009a. Fluke egg characteristics for the diagnosis of human and animal fascioliasis by Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica. Acta Tropica, 111, 150–159. DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2009.04.00510.1016/j.actatropica.2009.04.005Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
Valero M.A., Ubeira F.M., Khoubbane M., Artigas P., Muiño L., Mezo M., Pérez-Crespo I., Periago M.V., Mas-Coma S. 2009b. MM3-ELISA evaluation of coproantigen release and serum antibody production in sheep experimentally infected with Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica. Veterinary Parasitology, 159, 77–81. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.10.01410.1016/j.vetpar.2008.10.014Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
Valero M.A., Panova M., Pérez-Crespo I., Khoubbane M., Mas-Coma S. 2011. Correlation between egg-shedding and uterus development in Fasciola hepatica human and animal isolates: applied implications. Veterinary Parasitology, 183, 79–86. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.07.00310.1016/j.vetpar.2011.07.003Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
Valero M.A., Periago M.V., Pérez-Crespo I., Rodríguez E., Perteguer M.J., Garate T., González-Barbera E.M., Mas-Coma S. 2012a. Assessing the validity of an ELISA test for the serological diagnosis of human fascioliasis in different epidemiological situations. Tropical Medicine and International Health, 17, 630–636. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2012.02964.x10.1111/j.1365-3156.2012.02964.xSuche in Google Scholar PubMed
Valero M.A., Periago M.V., Pérez-Crespo I., Angles R., Villegas F., Aguirre C., Strauss W., Espinoza J.R., Herrera P., Terashima A., Tamayo H., Engels D., Gabrielli A.F., Mas-Coma S. 2012b. Field evaluation of a coproantigen detection test for fascioliasis diagnosis and surveillance in human hyperendemic areas of Andean countries. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 6, e1812. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.000181210.1371/journal.pntd.0001812Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
Valero M.A., Perez-Crespo I., Khoubbane M., Artigas P., Panova M., Ortiz P., Maco V., Espinoza J.R., Mas-Coma S. 2012c. Fasciola hepatica phenotypic characterization in Andean human endemic areas: valley versus altiplanic patterns analysed in liver flukes from sheep from Cajamarca and Mantaro, Peru. InfectionGenetics and Evolution, 12, 403–410. DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2012.01.00910.1016/j.meegid.2012.01.009Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
Varma A.K. 1953. On Fasciola indica n. sp. with some observations on F. hepatica and F. gigantica. Journal of Helminthology, 27, 185–19810.1017/S0022149X00026456Suche in Google Scholar
Watanabe S. 1962. Fasciolosis of ruminants in Japan. Bulletin de l’Office International des Epizooties, 58, 313–322Suche in Google Scholar
World Health Organization. 2013. Sustaining the drive to overcome the global impact of neglected tropical diseases. World Health Organization, WHO Headquarters, Geneva, pp. 138Suche in Google Scholar
© W. Stefański Institute of Parasitology, PAS
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Research Article
- Human Trichinella infection outbreaks in Slovakia, 1980-2008
- Research Article
- Immune responses in rats and sheep induced by a DNA vaccine containing the phosphoglycerate kinase gene of Fasciola hepatica and liver fluke infection
- Research Article
- Isolation and identification of Acanthamoeba spp. from thermal swimming pools and spas in Southern Brazil
- Research Article
- First report and spore ultrastructure of Vairimorpha plodiae (Opisthokonta: Microspora) from Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Turkey
- Research Article
- Evaluation of immuno diagnostic assay for the exposure of stage specific filarial infection
- Research Article
- Morphological, molecular and developmental characterization of the thelastomatid nematode Thelastoma bulhoesi (de Magalhães, 1900) (Oxyuridomorpha: Thelastomatidae) parasite of Periplaneta americana (Linnaeus, 1758) (Blattodea: Blattidae) in Japan
- Research Article
- Wild boar (Sus scrofa) – reservoir host of Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Slovakia
- Research Article
- Prevalence of Giardia spp. in young dogs using a combination of two diagnostic methods
- Research Article
- CIAS detection of Fasciola hepatica/F. gigantica intermediate forms in bovines from Bangladesh
- Research Article
- Redescription of two species of cystidicolid nematodes (Spirurina: Cystidicolidae) from Notopterus notopterus (Osteichthyes) in Thailand
- Research Article
- Paradiplozoon iraqensis n. sp. (Monogenea: Diplozoinae) from Cyprinion macrostomum (Cyprinidae) in the Tigris River, Iraq
- Research Article
- Genetic diversity of Diplomonadida in fish of the genus Coregonus from Southeastern Siberia
- Research Article
- Dynamics and effects of Ligula intestinalis (L.) infection in the native fish Barbus callensis Valenciennes, 1842 in Algeria
- Research Article
- Bioinformatics analysis and expression of a novel protein ROP48 in Toxoplasma gondii
- Research Article
- Vertical transmission of Trypanosoma evansi in dromedary camels and studies on fetal pathology, diagnosis and treatment
- Research Article
- Molecular detection and prevalence of Theileria equi and Babesia caballi in horses of central Balkan
- Research Article
- Two new species of the genus Pterygosoma (Acariformes: Pterygosomatidae) parasitizing agamid lizards (Sauria: Agamidae) from the Indian subcontinent
- Research Article
- A new species of Spauligodon (Nematoda; Oxyuroidea; Pharyngodonide) and other Helminths in Ptychozoon Kuhli (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from East Malaysia
- Research Article
- Molecular characterization and phylogeny of some mazocraeidean monogeneans from carangid fish
- Research Article
- Validation of the TrichinEasy® digestion system for the detection of Anisakidae larvae in fish products
- Research Article
- Evaluation of the in vitro activity of ceragenins against Trichomonas vaginalis
- Research Article
- Prevalence and genotypes of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in sika deer in Jilin province, Northeastern China
- Research Article
- Endoparasitic fauna of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and golden jackals (Canis aureus) in Serbia
- Research Article
- Molecular characterization of Giardia duodenalis from white yaks in China
- Research Article
- Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii among turkeys on family farms in the state of Northeastern Brazil
- Research Article
- First report of molecular identification of Cystoisospora suis in piglets with lethal diarrhea in Japan
- Research Article
- Determination of PCT on admission is a useful tool for the assessment of disease severity in travelers with imported Plasmodium falciparum malaria
- Research Article
- Dynamics of Theileria orientalis genotype population in cattle in a year-round grazing system
- Research Article
- A new isosporoid coccidia (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae)from the southern house wren Troglodytes musculus Naumann, 1823 (Passeriformes: Troglodytidae) from Brazil
- Research Article
- Mass spectrometry analysis of the excretory-secretory (E-S) products of the model cestode Hymenolepis diminut a reveals their immunogenic properties and the presence of new E-S proteins in cestodes
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Research Article
- Human Trichinella infection outbreaks in Slovakia, 1980-2008
- Research Article
- Immune responses in rats and sheep induced by a DNA vaccine containing the phosphoglycerate kinase gene of Fasciola hepatica and liver fluke infection
- Research Article
- Isolation and identification of Acanthamoeba spp. from thermal swimming pools and spas in Southern Brazil
- Research Article
- First report and spore ultrastructure of Vairimorpha plodiae (Opisthokonta: Microspora) from Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Turkey
- Research Article
- Evaluation of immuno diagnostic assay for the exposure of stage specific filarial infection
- Research Article
- Morphological, molecular and developmental characterization of the thelastomatid nematode Thelastoma bulhoesi (de Magalhães, 1900) (Oxyuridomorpha: Thelastomatidae) parasite of Periplaneta americana (Linnaeus, 1758) (Blattodea: Blattidae) in Japan
- Research Article
- Wild boar (Sus scrofa) – reservoir host of Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Slovakia
- Research Article
- Prevalence of Giardia spp. in young dogs using a combination of two diagnostic methods
- Research Article
- CIAS detection of Fasciola hepatica/F. gigantica intermediate forms in bovines from Bangladesh
- Research Article
- Redescription of two species of cystidicolid nematodes (Spirurina: Cystidicolidae) from Notopterus notopterus (Osteichthyes) in Thailand
- Research Article
- Paradiplozoon iraqensis n. sp. (Monogenea: Diplozoinae) from Cyprinion macrostomum (Cyprinidae) in the Tigris River, Iraq
- Research Article
- Genetic diversity of Diplomonadida in fish of the genus Coregonus from Southeastern Siberia
- Research Article
- Dynamics and effects of Ligula intestinalis (L.) infection in the native fish Barbus callensis Valenciennes, 1842 in Algeria
- Research Article
- Bioinformatics analysis and expression of a novel protein ROP48 in Toxoplasma gondii
- Research Article
- Vertical transmission of Trypanosoma evansi in dromedary camels and studies on fetal pathology, diagnosis and treatment
- Research Article
- Molecular detection and prevalence of Theileria equi and Babesia caballi in horses of central Balkan
- Research Article
- Two new species of the genus Pterygosoma (Acariformes: Pterygosomatidae) parasitizing agamid lizards (Sauria: Agamidae) from the Indian subcontinent
- Research Article
- A new species of Spauligodon (Nematoda; Oxyuroidea; Pharyngodonide) and other Helminths in Ptychozoon Kuhli (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from East Malaysia
- Research Article
- Molecular characterization and phylogeny of some mazocraeidean monogeneans from carangid fish
- Research Article
- Validation of the TrichinEasy® digestion system for the detection of Anisakidae larvae in fish products
- Research Article
- Evaluation of the in vitro activity of ceragenins against Trichomonas vaginalis
- Research Article
- Prevalence and genotypes of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in sika deer in Jilin province, Northeastern China
- Research Article
- Endoparasitic fauna of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and golden jackals (Canis aureus) in Serbia
- Research Article
- Molecular characterization of Giardia duodenalis from white yaks in China
- Research Article
- Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii among turkeys on family farms in the state of Northeastern Brazil
- Research Article
- First report of molecular identification of Cystoisospora suis in piglets with lethal diarrhea in Japan
- Research Article
- Determination of PCT on admission is a useful tool for the assessment of disease severity in travelers with imported Plasmodium falciparum malaria
- Research Article
- Dynamics of Theileria orientalis genotype population in cattle in a year-round grazing system
- Research Article
- A new isosporoid coccidia (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae)from the southern house wren Troglodytes musculus Naumann, 1823 (Passeriformes: Troglodytidae) from Brazil
- Research Article
- Mass spectrometry analysis of the excretory-secretory (E-S) products of the model cestode Hymenolepis diminut a reveals their immunogenic properties and the presence of new E-S proteins in cestodes