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Expletive negation in Italian temporal clauses: an acceptability judgement and a self-paced reading study

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Published/Copyright: October 23, 2025
Linguistics Vanguard
From the journal Linguistics Vanguard Volume 11 Issue 1

Abstract

This work aims to investigate the role of negation when it fails to reverse the polarity of a sentence, thus becoming “expletive”. An example is offered by the following Italian sentence: Chiara è rimasta in casa finché Marco non ha chiamato la pizzeria per la cena (literally ‘Chiara remained in the house until Marco did not call the pizzeria for dinner’, meaning ‘Chiara remained at home until Marco called the pizzeria for dinner’). Although negation occurs, the sentence remains affirmative, and the negative marker fails to trigger all the semantic and syntactic phenomena usually associated with it. Here we implement two experiments, an acceptability judgement task and a self-paced reading paradigm, to test how expletive negation is understood and processed. Our findings reveal a complex picture of expletive negation in Italian. Acceptability judgements suggest that it increases sentence naturalness. The self-paced reading data show no additional processing cost associated with expletive negation, unlike standard negation. By integrating offline and online measures, our study represents a crucial step towards a more comprehensive understanding of expletive negation in linguistic processing, which seems to diverge from the processing of standard negation.

Keywords: negation; expletive negation; acceptability judgement; self-paced reading; sentence processing
Corresponding author: Anna Teresa Porrini, University School for Advanced Studies – IUSS Pavia, Pavia, Italy, E-mail:
Anna Teresa Porrini and Veronica D’Alesio are joint first authors.

Funding source: NextGenerationEU

Award Identifier / Grant number: P2022Y5CWX – PRIN PNRR 2022

  1. Research funding: This work was supported by the European Union – Next Generation EU, Mission 4, Component C2 (M4C2), CUP I53D23006900001, Grant no. P2022Y5CWX – PRIN PNRR 2022, Project name: REAding CompreHension for inclusion (REACH): Analyzing and enhancing the comprehension of syntactic and semantic structures in children with linguistic fragilities.

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Supplementary Material

This article contains supplementary material (https://doi.org/10.1515/lingvan-2024-0191).

Received: 2024-10-04
Accepted: 2025-07-11
Published Online: 2025-10-23

© 2025 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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https://doi.org/10.1515/lingvan-2024-0191
Keywords for this article
negation; expletive negation; acceptability judgement; self-paced reading; sentence processing

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Editorial
  3. Editorial 2025
  4. Research Articles
  5. Vowel formant track normalization using discrete cosine transform coefficients
  6. Asymmetry in French speech-in-noise perception: the effects of native dialect and cross-dialectal exposure
  7. Direct pseudo-partitives in US English
  8. A baseline for object clitic climbing in Italian
  9. Semantic granularity in derivation
  10. Shared processing strategies as a mechanism for contact-induced change in flexible constituent order
  11. The (non)canonical status of the ka- passive in Balinese
  12. A comparative study of 时 si 2 /shi 2 in Meixian Hakka and Ancient Chinese using the Minimalist Program
  13. A quantitative method for syntactic gradience: words, phrases, and the constructions in between
  14. Yeah, but how? Operationalizing the functions of the discourse-pragmatic marker yeah
  15. Hotspots for acoustic politeness in Korean and Japanese deferential speech
  16. How fast is fast and how slow is slow in mental simulation? Two rating studies on Estonian speed adverbs
  17. Discourse effects in processing Chinese reflexive pronouns
  18. Attitudinal negotiation: the analysis of online commentary videos about an international event on Chinese social media platform bilibili.com
  19. Crosslinguistic constructions and strategies: where do concessive conditionals fit in?
  20. Recurring patterns in tone (chain) shift
  21. Null pronoun interpretation probed via thematic role ambiguity: a case in Korean
  22. Experimental investigation on quantifier scope in Chinese relative clauses
  23. Sensitivity to honorific agreement: a window into predictive processing
  24. The negative concord illusion: an acceptability study with Czech neg-words
  25. Expletive negation in Italian temporal clauses: an acceptability judgement and a self-paced reading study
  26. Effects of information structure on pronoun resolution: the number of pronouns matters
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