Improvement of enzyme carbon paste-based biosensor using carbon nanotubes for determination of water-soluble analogue of vitamin E
-
Milan Sýs
Abstract
The catalytic oxidation of a synthetic water-soluble analogue of vitamin E (α-tocopherol, Trolox) by tyrosinase enzyme in the presence of molecular oxygen was studied using electrochemical techniques. This specific enzymatic reaction was exploited for the preparation of a biosensor based on the amperometric reduction of the electroactive product (α-tocoquinone) formed. An electroactive surface of the transducers used was covered with a thin conductive layer of Nafion containing tyrosinase. Significant progress in sensitivity towards polyphenolic compounds such as Trolox was achieved at CPE with carbon nanotubes immobilised on its surface (CPE/CNTs) as electric transducers. The biosensor so developed can be used for the direct determination of total phenolic content (TPC). This important nutrition value can be expressed as the mass equivalent of Trolox, i.e. Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), which could be used as an alternative to the evaluations currently used based on spectrophotometric methods such as total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter (TRAP), ferric reducing-antioxidant power (FRAP) or 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl spectrometric assay (DPPH). The effects of the enzyme amount in the Nafion layer (3.0 μg), the influence of the nanoparticles present, the optimal pH value suitable for enzymatic activity (7.0), and the kinetics of enzymatic and electrochemical reactions were studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV). The determination of optimal conditions for amperometry in batch configuration (working potential, speed of stirring, volume of sample, calibration curve, etc.) was not a target of this electrochemical study.
References
Barisci, J. N., Wallace, G. G., & Baughman, R. H. (2000). Electrochemical characterization of single-walled carbon nanotube electrodes. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 147, 4580-4583. DOI: 10.1149/1.1394104.10.1149/1.1394104Suche in Google Scholar
Brigelius-Flohe, R., & Traber, M. G. (1999). Vitamin E: function and metabolism. The FASEB Journal, 13, 1145-1155.10.1096/fasebj.13.10.1145Suche in Google Scholar
Cort, W. M., Vicente, T. S., Waysek, E. H., & Williams, B. D. (1983). Vitamin E content of feedstuffs determined by high-performance liquid chromatographic fluorescence. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 31, 1330-1333. DOI: 10.1021/jf00120a045.10.1021/jf00120a045Suche in Google Scholar
Giacomelli, C., Giacomelli, F. C., Alves, L. O., Timbola, A. K., & Spinelli, A. (2004). Electrochemistry of vitamin E hydroalcoholic solutions. Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 15, 748-755. DOI: 10.1590/s0103-50532004000500022.10.1590/S0103-50532004000500022Suche in Google Scholar
Golumbic, C., & Mattill, H. A. (1940). The oxidation of vitamin E. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 134, 535-541. 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)73212-2Suche in Google Scholar
Ismaya, W. T., Rozeboom, H. J., Weijn, A., Mes, J. J., Fusetti, F., Wichers, H. J., & Dijkstra, B. W. (2011). Crystal structure of Agaricus bisporus mushroom tyrosinase: Identity of the tetramer subunits and interaction with tropolone. Biochemistry, 50, 5477-5486. DOI: 10.1021/bi200395t.10.1021/bi200395tSuche in Google Scholar
Kalcher, K., Kauffmann, J. M., Wang, J., Švancara, I., Vytřas, K., Neuhold, C., & Yang, Z. (1995). Sensors based on carbon paste in electrochemical analysis: A review with particular emphasis on the period 1990-1993. Electroanalysis, 7, 5-22. DOI: 10.1002/elan.1140070103.10.1002/elan.1140070103Suche in Google Scholar
Kotzian, P., Brazdilova, P., Kalcher, K., & Vytřas, K. (2007). Mediators of electron transfer in amperometric enzyme biosensors. In K. Vytřas, & K. Kalcher (Eds.), Sensing in electroanalysis (Vol. 2, pp. 181-199). Pardubice, Czech Republic: University of Pardubice.Suche in Google Scholar
Laguerre, M., Lecomte, J., & Villeneuve, P. (2007). Evaluation of the ability of antioxidants to counteract lipid oxidation: Existing methods, new trends and challenges. Progress in Lipid Research, 46, 244-282. DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2007.05. 002.Suche in Google Scholar
Mayer, A. M. (2006). Polyphenol oxidases in plants and fungi: Going places? A review. Phytochemistry, 67, 2318-2331. DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.08.006.10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.08.006Suche in Google Scholar
Mikysek, T., Švancara, I., Kalcher, K., Bartoš, M., Vytřas, K., & Ludvik, J. (2009). New approaches to the characterization of carbon paste electrodes using the ohmic resistance effect and qualitative carbon paste indexes. Analytical Chemistry, 81, 6327-6333. DOI: 10.1021/ac9004937.10.1021/ac9004937Suche in Google Scholar
Moyad, M. A., Brumfield, S. K., & Pienta, K. J. (1999). Vitamin E, alpha and gamma tocopherol, and prostate cancer. Seminars in Urologic Oncology, 17, 85-90.Suche in Google Scholar
Nuñez Delicado, E., Sanchez Ferrer, A., & Garcia Carmona, F. (1997). A kinetic study of the one-electron oxidation of Trolox C by the hydroperoxidase activity of lipoxygenase. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta-General Subjects, 1335, 127-134. DOI: 10.1016/s0304-4165(96)00130-4.10.1016/S0304-4165(96)00130-4Suche in Google Scholar
Ozgen, M., Reese, R. N., Tulio, A. Z., Jr., Scheerens, J. C., & Miller, A. R. (2006). Modified 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) method to measure antioxidant capacity of selected small fruits and comparison to ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2,2_-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) methods. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 54, 1151-1157. DOI: 10.1021/jf051960d.10.1021/jf051960dSuche in Google Scholar PubMed
Pedrosa, V. A., Codognoto, L., & Avaca, L. A. (2003). Electroanalytical determination of 4-nitrophenol by square wave voltammetry on diamond electrodes. Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 14, 530-535. DOI: 10.1590/s0103-50532003000400007.10.1590/S0103-50532003000400007Suche in Google Scholar
Pohanka, M., & Skladal, P. (2008). Electrochemical biosensors - principles and applications. Journal of Applied Biomedicine, 6, 57-64.10.32725/jab.2008.008Suche in Google Scholar
Pourcel, L., Routaboul, J. M., Cheynier, V., Lepiniec, L., & Debeaujon, I. (2006). Flavonoid oxidation in plants: from biochemical properties to physiological functions. Trends in Plant Science, 12, 29-36. DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2006.11.006.10.1016/j.tplants.2006.11.006Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
Scalbert, A., Johnson, I. T., & Saltmarsh, M. (2005). Polyphenols: antioxidants and beyond. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 81, 215S-217S.10.1093/ajcn/81.1.215SSuche in Google Scholar PubMed
Simons, K., & Ikonen, E. (1997). Functional rafts in cell membranes. Nature, 387, 569-572. DOI: 10.1038/42408.10.1038/42408Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
Solná, R., & Skladal, P. (2005). Amperometric flow-injection determination of phenolic compounds using a biosensor with immobilized laccase, peroxidase and tyrosinase. Electroanalysis, 17, 2137-2146. DOI: 10.1002/elan.200403343.10.1002/elan.200403343Suche in Google Scholar
Sun, W., Jiang, Q., Yang, M., & Jiao, K. (2008). Electrochemical behaviors of hydroquinone on a carbon paste electrode with ionic liquid as binder. Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society, 29, 915-920.Suche in Google Scholar
Sýs, M., Pekec, B., Kalcher, K., & Vytřas, K. (2013). Amperometric enzyme carbon paste-based biosensor for quantification of hydroquinone and polyphenolic antioxidant capacity. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 8, 9030-9040.Suche in Google Scholar
Švancara, I., Vytřas, K., Barek, J., & Zima, J. (2001). Carbon paste electrode in modern electroanalysis. Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry, 31, 311-345. DOI: 10.1080/20014091076785.10.1080/20014091076785Suche in Google Scholar
Švancara, I., Metelka, R., & Vytřas, K. (2005). Piston driven carbon paste holders for electrochemical measurements. In K. Vytřas, & K. Kalcher (Eds.), Sensing in electroanalysis (pp. 7-18). Pardubice, Czech Republic: University of Pardubice.Suche in Google Scholar
Švancara, I., Kalcher, K., Walcarius, A., & Vytřas, K. (2012). Electroanalysis with carbon paste electrodes. Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press.10.1201/b11478Suche in Google Scholar
Vytřas, K., Švancara, I., & Metelka, R. (2009). Carbon paste electrodes in electroanalytical chemistry. Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, 74, 1021-1033. DOI: 10.2298/jsc0910 021v.Suche in Google Scholar
Wang, J., Musameh, M., & Lin, Y. (2003). Solubilization of carbon nanotubes by Nafion toward the preparation of amperometric biosensors. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 125, 2408-2409. DOI: 10.1021/ja028951v. 10.1021/ja028951vSuche in Google Scholar PubMed
© 2015 Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Biosensors – Topical issue
- Biosensors containing acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase as recognition tools for detection of various compounds
- Electrochemical enzymatic biosensors based on metal micro-/nanoparticles-modified electrodes: a review
- Gluconobacter sp. cells for manufacturing of effective electrochemical biosensors and biofuel cells
- Application of nanomaterials in microbial-cell biosensor constructions
- Use of green fluorescent proteins for in vitro biosensing
- Biosensors based on molecular beacons
- DNA aptamer-based detection of prostate cancer
- Can glycoprofiling be helpful in detecting prostate cancer?
- Graphene as signal amplifier for preparation of ultrasensitive electrochemical biosensors
- Electrochemical nanostructured biosensors: carbon nanotubes versus conductive and semi-conductive nanoparticles
- Surface plasmon resonance application in prostate cancer biomarker research
- Improvement of enzyme carbon paste-based biosensor using carbon nanotubes for determination of water-soluble analogue of vitamin E
- Enzymatic sensor of putrescine with optical oxygen transducer – mathematical model of responses of sensitive layer
- Detection of hydrogen peroxide and glucose by enzyme product precipitation on sensor surface
- Interfacing of microbial cells with nanoparticles: Simple and cost-effective preparation of a highly sensitive microbial ethanol biosensor
- Whole-cell optical biosensor for mercury – operational conditions in saline water
- Synthesis of carbon quantum dots for DNA labeling and its electrochemical, fluorescent and electrophoretic characterization
- Detection of short oligonucleotide sequences of hepatitis B virus using electrochemical DNA hybridisation biosensor
- Aptamer-based detection of thrombin by acoustic method using DNA tetrahedrons as immobilisation platform
- Interactions of antifouling monolayers: Energy transfer from excited albumin molecule to phenol red dye
- Third-generation oxygen amperometric biosensor based on Trametes hirsuta laccase covalently bound to graphite electrode
- Can voltammetry distinguish glycan isomers?
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Biosensors – Topical issue
- Biosensors containing acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase as recognition tools for detection of various compounds
- Electrochemical enzymatic biosensors based on metal micro-/nanoparticles-modified electrodes: a review
- Gluconobacter sp. cells for manufacturing of effective electrochemical biosensors and biofuel cells
- Application of nanomaterials in microbial-cell biosensor constructions
- Use of green fluorescent proteins for in vitro biosensing
- Biosensors based on molecular beacons
- DNA aptamer-based detection of prostate cancer
- Can glycoprofiling be helpful in detecting prostate cancer?
- Graphene as signal amplifier for preparation of ultrasensitive electrochemical biosensors
- Electrochemical nanostructured biosensors: carbon nanotubes versus conductive and semi-conductive nanoparticles
- Surface plasmon resonance application in prostate cancer biomarker research
- Improvement of enzyme carbon paste-based biosensor using carbon nanotubes for determination of water-soluble analogue of vitamin E
- Enzymatic sensor of putrescine with optical oxygen transducer – mathematical model of responses of sensitive layer
- Detection of hydrogen peroxide and glucose by enzyme product precipitation on sensor surface
- Interfacing of microbial cells with nanoparticles: Simple and cost-effective preparation of a highly sensitive microbial ethanol biosensor
- Whole-cell optical biosensor for mercury – operational conditions in saline water
- Synthesis of carbon quantum dots for DNA labeling and its electrochemical, fluorescent and electrophoretic characterization
- Detection of short oligonucleotide sequences of hepatitis B virus using electrochemical DNA hybridisation biosensor
- Aptamer-based detection of thrombin by acoustic method using DNA tetrahedrons as immobilisation platform
- Interactions of antifouling monolayers: Energy transfer from excited albumin molecule to phenol red dye
- Third-generation oxygen amperometric biosensor based on Trametes hirsuta laccase covalently bound to graphite electrode
- Can voltammetry distinguish glycan isomers?
