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Hydroxyapatite biomaterials: a comprehensive review of their properties, structures, clinical applications, and producing techniques

  • Lana O. Ahmed and Rebaz A. Omer ORCID logo EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: June 6, 2024
Reviews in Inorganic Chemistry
From the journal Reviews in Inorganic Chemistry Volume 44 Issue 4

Abstract

Before employing a biomedical material in medical applications, a researcher must possess comprehensive knowledge regarding its chemical, physical, biological, structural, and mechanical properties. Hydroxyapatite (HAp, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) is a vital constituent of the calcium orthophosphate group. The material exhibits good dielectric and biological compatibility, diamagnetic behavior, thermal stability, osteoconductivity, and bioactivity. Additionally, it has a Ca:P molar ratio of 1.67. Because HAp has a chemical composition that is quite similar to normal bone and teeth, it has the potential to be used as a material for implant implantation in fractured portions of the human skeletal system. Many ways for generating HAp nanoparticles have been found as a result of the increasing usage of HAp in medicine. The conditions under which HAp is generated determine its physical and chemical properties, crystalline structure, and form. This study provides detailed information on the HAp’s characteristics and manufacturing procedures, as well as revealing the structure and its properties.

Keywords: hydroxyapatite (HAp); biomaterials; calcium phosphate; biomedical applications; synthetic hydroxyapatite
Corresponding author: Rebaz A. Omer, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Health, Koya University, Koya KOY45, Kurdistan Region, F.R. Iraq; and Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Knowledge University, Erbil 44001, Iraq, E-mail:

  1. Research ethics: Not applicable.

  2. Author contributions: The authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.

  3. Competing interests: The authors state no conflict of interest.

  4. Research funding: None declared.

  5. Data availability: Not applicable.

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Received: 2024-03-30
Accepted: 2024-05-14
Published Online: 2024-06-06
Published in Print: 2024-11-26

© 2024 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Unveiling the multifaceted roles of protonated 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene (HBpe+) ligand in metal-driven supramolecular assembly: a comprehensive structural review
  3. Advanced synthetic routes of metal organic frameworks and their diverse applications
  4. Carbon materials derived by crystalline porous materials for capacitive energy storage
  5. BiVO4-based heterojunction nanophotocatalysts for water splitting and organic pollutant degradation: a comprehensive review of photocatalytic innovation
  6. Synthesis, characterization, thermal, theoretical studies, antimicrobial, antioxidant activity, superoxide dismutase-like activity and catalase mimetics of metal(II) complexes derived from sugar and Schiff base
  7. Solid-phase extraction of organophosphates from polluted waters on a matrix-imprinted sorbent
  8. Reduction mechanism and energy transfer between Eu3+ and Eu2+ in Eu-doped materials synthesized in air atmosphere
  9. Green synthesis and applications of mono/bimetallic nanoparticles on mesoporous clay: a review
  10. Hydroxyapatite biomaterials: a comprehensive review of their properties, structures, clinical applications, and producing techniques
  11. Water desalination, and energy consumption applications of 2D nano materials: hexagonal boron nitride, graphenes, and quantum dots
  12. Transformative applications of “click” chemistry in the development of MOF architectures − a mini review
  13. A review of carbon-based adsorbents for the removal of organic and inorganic components
  14. Mercury removal from water: insights from MOFs and their composites
  15. Organometallic complexes and reaction methods for synthesis: a review
  16. Comprehensive review of metal-based coordination compounds in cancer therapy: from design to biochemical reactivity
https://doi.org/10.1515/revic-2024-0018
Keywords for this article
hydroxyapatite (HAp); biomaterials; calcium phosphate; biomedical applications; synthetic hydroxyapatite

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Unveiling the multifaceted roles of protonated 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene (HBpe+) ligand in metal-driven supramolecular assembly: a comprehensive structural review
  3. Advanced synthetic routes of metal organic frameworks and their diverse applications
  4. Carbon materials derived by crystalline porous materials for capacitive energy storage
  5. BiVO4-based heterojunction nanophotocatalysts for water splitting and organic pollutant degradation: a comprehensive review of photocatalytic innovation
  6. Synthesis, characterization, thermal, theoretical studies, antimicrobial, antioxidant activity, superoxide dismutase-like activity and catalase mimetics of metal(II) complexes derived from sugar and Schiff base
  7. Solid-phase extraction of organophosphates from polluted waters on a matrix-imprinted sorbent
  8. Reduction mechanism and energy transfer between Eu3+ and Eu2+ in Eu-doped materials synthesized in air atmosphere
  9. Green synthesis and applications of mono/bimetallic nanoparticles on mesoporous clay: a review
  10. Hydroxyapatite biomaterials: a comprehensive review of their properties, structures, clinical applications, and producing techniques
  11. Water desalination, and energy consumption applications of 2D nano materials: hexagonal boron nitride, graphenes, and quantum dots
  12. Transformative applications of “click” chemistry in the development of MOF architectures − a mini review
  13. A review of carbon-based adsorbents for the removal of organic and inorganic components
  14. Mercury removal from water: insights from MOFs and their composites
  15. Organometallic complexes and reaction methods for synthesis: a review
  16. Comprehensive review of metal-based coordination compounds in cancer therapy: from design to biochemical reactivity
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