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Chapter 21 Role of plant microbiome in crop protection

  • Thajudeen Thahira , Kinza Qadeer , Julie Sosso und Mohamed Cassim Mohamed Zakeel
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Plant Protection
Ein Kapitel aus dem Buch Plant Protection

Abstract

With the rapid increase in global population, the demand for more food is also escalating. This demand not only increases the need for extensive crop production but also the capacity to protect crops from the hazards of biotic and abiotic stresses that threaten agricultural products. These stresses include the widespread distribution of pests and diseases, heavy metal induction due to rapid industrialization, and chemical fertilizer use. Nature has developed a security system to protect crops from such stressors in the form of microbes. These microbes are predominantly present in the rhizosphere where they enhance the growth and development of plants by mitigating the negative effects of environmental stress. They reduce the exposure of plants to stress in many ways. These mechanisms include the production of secondary metabolites and the induction of plant hormones. They also resist plant phytopathogens, such as nematodes and fungus, by using induced systemic resistance against them. In addition, they act as biofertilizers for plants as they improve the uptake of nutrients, nitrogen fixation, and solubilization of unavailable phosphorus from the soil. Another way that soil microbes are beneficial to plants is the mitigation of heavy metal stress by transforming these compounds into less toxic forms and so making them safely available to the plant through biosorption and bioaccumulation. The processes of acidification, bioleaching, and detoxification are also microbial mechanisms used for the transformation of not just heavy metals but for other toxic compounds such as DDTs, PCB, etc. These microbes are natural plant protectors and using them commercially as an alternative to chemical fertilizers and pesticides will be more beneficial for the crops, the environment, and human health.

Abstract

With the rapid increase in global population, the demand for more food is also escalating. This demand not only increases the need for extensive crop production but also the capacity to protect crops from the hazards of biotic and abiotic stresses that threaten agricultural products. These stresses include the widespread distribution of pests and diseases, heavy metal induction due to rapid industrialization, and chemical fertilizer use. Nature has developed a security system to protect crops from such stressors in the form of microbes. These microbes are predominantly present in the rhizosphere where they enhance the growth and development of plants by mitigating the negative effects of environmental stress. They reduce the exposure of plants to stress in many ways. These mechanisms include the production of secondary metabolites and the induction of plant hormones. They also resist plant phytopathogens, such as nematodes and fungus, by using induced systemic resistance against them. In addition, they act as biofertilizers for plants as they improve the uptake of nutrients, nitrogen fixation, and solubilization of unavailable phosphorus from the soil. Another way that soil microbes are beneficial to plants is the mitigation of heavy metal stress by transforming these compounds into less toxic forms and so making them safely available to the plant through biosorption and bioaccumulation. The processes of acidification, bioleaching, and detoxification are also microbial mechanisms used for the transformation of not just heavy metals but for other toxic compounds such as DDTs, PCB, etc. These microbes are natural plant protectors and using them commercially as an alternative to chemical fertilizers and pesticides will be more beneficial for the crops, the environment, and human health.

Kapitel in diesem Buch

  1. Frontmatter I
  2. Contents V
  3. Chapter 1 Agrochemical industry: a multibillion industry 1
  4. Chapter 2 Plant protection through agrochemicals and its consequences 25
  5. Chapter 3 Agrochemicals and their effects on soil microbial population 45
  6. Chapter 4 Effect of abiotic stresses on plant systems and their mitigation 59
  7. Chapter 5 Plant pathogenesis and disease control 95
  8. Chapter 6 Plant defense systems: mechanism of self-protection by plants against pathogens 115
  9. Chapter 7 Role of Beneficial Microbes for Plant growth Improvement 141
  10. Chapter 8 Microbial bioproducts for plant growth and protection: trends and prospective 177
  11. Chapter 9 Nanopesticides: challenges and opportunities 201
  12. Chapter 10 Assessment of the role of rhizosphere in soil and its relationship with microorganisms and element absorption 225
  13. Chapter 11 Biosurfactant: an environmentally benign biological agent for sustainable agroecological agriculture 253
  14. Chapter 12 Bacillus lipopeptide-based antifungal agents for plant disease control 313
  15. Chapter 13 Use of alkaloids in plant protection 337
  16. Chapter 14 Biotechnological approaches for plant stress management 353
  17. Chapter 15 Role of proteins and enzymes in plant disease control 395
  18. Chapter 16 The role of PGPRs in phosphate solubilization and nitrogen fixation in order to promote plant growth parameters under salinity, drought, nutrient deficiency, and heavy metal stresses 415
  19. Chapter 17 Impact of endophytic fungi in biotic stress management 447
  20. Chapter 18 Ecosystem services and ecological role of birds in insect and pest control 463
  21. Chapter 19 Role of entomopathogenic fungi in biocontrol of insect pests 505
  22. Chapter 20 Indigenous practices for pest control and marketability of the produce for development of sustainable agriculture 549
  23. Chapter 21 Role of plant microbiome in crop protection 573
  24. List of contributing authors 601
  25. Index 611
https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110771558-021

Kapitel in diesem Buch

  1. Frontmatter I
  2. Contents V
  3. Chapter 1 Agrochemical industry: a multibillion industry 1
  4. Chapter 2 Plant protection through agrochemicals and its consequences 25
  5. Chapter 3 Agrochemicals and their effects on soil microbial population 45
  6. Chapter 4 Effect of abiotic stresses on plant systems and their mitigation 59
  7. Chapter 5 Plant pathogenesis and disease control 95
  8. Chapter 6 Plant defense systems: mechanism of self-protection by plants against pathogens 115
  9. Chapter 7 Role of Beneficial Microbes for Plant growth Improvement 141
  10. Chapter 8 Microbial bioproducts for plant growth and protection: trends and prospective 177
  11. Chapter 9 Nanopesticides: challenges and opportunities 201
  12. Chapter 10 Assessment of the role of rhizosphere in soil and its relationship with microorganisms and element absorption 225
  13. Chapter 11 Biosurfactant: an environmentally benign biological agent for sustainable agroecological agriculture 253
  14. Chapter 12 Bacillus lipopeptide-based antifungal agents for plant disease control 313
  15. Chapter 13 Use of alkaloids in plant protection 337
  16. Chapter 14 Biotechnological approaches for plant stress management 353
  17. Chapter 15 Role of proteins and enzymes in plant disease control 395
  18. Chapter 16 The role of PGPRs in phosphate solubilization and nitrogen fixation in order to promote plant growth parameters under salinity, drought, nutrient deficiency, and heavy metal stresses 415
  19. Chapter 17 Impact of endophytic fungi in biotic stress management 447
  20. Chapter 18 Ecosystem services and ecological role of birds in insect and pest control 463
  21. Chapter 19 Role of entomopathogenic fungi in biocontrol of insect pests 505
  22. Chapter 20 Indigenous practices for pest control and marketability of the produce for development of sustainable agriculture 549
  23. Chapter 21 Role of plant microbiome in crop protection 573
  24. List of contributing authors 601
  25. Index 611
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Heruntergeladen am 16.10.2025 von https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110771558-021/html
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