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Chapter 19 Role of entomopathogenic fungi in biocontrol of insect pests

  • G. Venkatesh , P. Sakthi Priya , V. Anithaa , G. K. Dinesh , S. Velmurugan , S. Abinaya , P. Karthika , P. Sivasakthivelan , R Soni und A. Thennarasi
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Plant Protection
Ein Kapitel aus dem Buch Plant Protection

Abstract

Chemical pesticides have an adverse impact on non-target organisms, and it leads to biodiversity loss, loss of food safety, development of insect resistance and resurgence in newer areas. All these have led scientists to create more ecofriendly alternatives, such as the use of entomopathogenic fungi against insect pests. Entomopathogenic fungus is a promising alternative to chemical insecticides that provides biological plant protection against insect pests in a sustainable pest control approach. Insect-infecting fungi are now classified into 90 genera and roughly 800 entomopathogenic fungal species have been documented. However, most commercial mycoinsecticides target just three genera: Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, and Isaria fumosoroseus. They cause about 60 percent of insect diseases. These fungi are key contributors to soil insect population dynamics. Hence, entomopathogenic fungi are important biocontrol agents against insect populations. Insect-infecting fungi are found in several distinct groupings. Insect fungal pathogens include those from the phyla Chytridiomycota, Zygomycota, Oomycota, Ascomycota, and Deuteromycota, which are known to be the best entomopathogens against various insect pests. Entomopathogenic fungi kill or inactivate insects by attacking and infecting their insect hosts. Entomopathogenic fungi are soil-dwelling fungi that infect and kill insects by breaching their cuticle. Most insect-infecting fungi work through penetration. Entomopathogens produce these extracellular enzymes (protease and lipase) and toxins in their adaptive response. Together with a mechanical process via appressoria growth, these enzymes break the insect cuticle and enter the body of the insect to infect and kill it by getting their nourishment from the insect tissues. On the other hand, insects have developed many defense against these fungal pathogens. Insect pests are effectively killed by the soil fungus, Beauveria bassiana, and are easy to use in the field. Now mass manufacturing of new fungal formulations are possible. Further, modern genetic engineering and biotechnology approaches may assist in increasing the bioactivity of entomopathogenic fungi. This chapter discusses entomopathogenic fungi and their detailed usage description in the current scenario. It also explains the mode of infection, approaches, plans, and policies for entomopathogenic fungi.

Abstract

Chemical pesticides have an adverse impact on non-target organisms, and it leads to biodiversity loss, loss of food safety, development of insect resistance and resurgence in newer areas. All these have led scientists to create more ecofriendly alternatives, such as the use of entomopathogenic fungi against insect pests. Entomopathogenic fungus is a promising alternative to chemical insecticides that provides biological plant protection against insect pests in a sustainable pest control approach. Insect-infecting fungi are now classified into 90 genera and roughly 800 entomopathogenic fungal species have been documented. However, most commercial mycoinsecticides target just three genera: Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, and Isaria fumosoroseus. They cause about 60 percent of insect diseases. These fungi are key contributors to soil insect population dynamics. Hence, entomopathogenic fungi are important biocontrol agents against insect populations. Insect-infecting fungi are found in several distinct groupings. Insect fungal pathogens include those from the phyla Chytridiomycota, Zygomycota, Oomycota, Ascomycota, and Deuteromycota, which are known to be the best entomopathogens against various insect pests. Entomopathogenic fungi kill or inactivate insects by attacking and infecting their insect hosts. Entomopathogenic fungi are soil-dwelling fungi that infect and kill insects by breaching their cuticle. Most insect-infecting fungi work through penetration. Entomopathogens produce these extracellular enzymes (protease and lipase) and toxins in their adaptive response. Together with a mechanical process via appressoria growth, these enzymes break the insect cuticle and enter the body of the insect to infect and kill it by getting their nourishment from the insect tissues. On the other hand, insects have developed many defense against these fungal pathogens. Insect pests are effectively killed by the soil fungus, Beauveria bassiana, and are easy to use in the field. Now mass manufacturing of new fungal formulations are possible. Further, modern genetic engineering and biotechnology approaches may assist in increasing the bioactivity of entomopathogenic fungi. This chapter discusses entomopathogenic fungi and their detailed usage description in the current scenario. It also explains the mode of infection, approaches, plans, and policies for entomopathogenic fungi.

Kapitel in diesem Buch

  1. Frontmatter I
  2. Contents V
  3. Chapter 1 Agrochemical industry: a multibillion industry 1
  4. Chapter 2 Plant protection through agrochemicals and its consequences 25
  5. Chapter 3 Agrochemicals and their effects on soil microbial population 45
  6. Chapter 4 Effect of abiotic stresses on plant systems and their mitigation 59
  7. Chapter 5 Plant pathogenesis and disease control 95
  8. Chapter 6 Plant defense systems: mechanism of self-protection by plants against pathogens 115
  9. Chapter 7 Role of Beneficial Microbes for Plant growth Improvement 141
  10. Chapter 8 Microbial bioproducts for plant growth and protection: trends and prospective 177
  11. Chapter 9 Nanopesticides: challenges and opportunities 201
  12. Chapter 10 Assessment of the role of rhizosphere in soil and its relationship with microorganisms and element absorption 225
  13. Chapter 11 Biosurfactant: an environmentally benign biological agent for sustainable agroecological agriculture 253
  14. Chapter 12 Bacillus lipopeptide-based antifungal agents for plant disease control 313
  15. Chapter 13 Use of alkaloids in plant protection 337
  16. Chapter 14 Biotechnological approaches for plant stress management 353
  17. Chapter 15 Role of proteins and enzymes in plant disease control 395
  18. Chapter 16 The role of PGPRs in phosphate solubilization and nitrogen fixation in order to promote plant growth parameters under salinity, drought, nutrient deficiency, and heavy metal stresses 415
  19. Chapter 17 Impact of endophytic fungi in biotic stress management 447
  20. Chapter 18 Ecosystem services and ecological role of birds in insect and pest control 463
  21. Chapter 19 Role of entomopathogenic fungi in biocontrol of insect pests 505
  22. Chapter 20 Indigenous practices for pest control and marketability of the produce for development of sustainable agriculture 549
  23. Chapter 21 Role of plant microbiome in crop protection 573
  24. List of contributing authors 601
  25. Index 611
https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110771558-019

Kapitel in diesem Buch

  1. Frontmatter I
  2. Contents V
  3. Chapter 1 Agrochemical industry: a multibillion industry 1
  4. Chapter 2 Plant protection through agrochemicals and its consequences 25
  5. Chapter 3 Agrochemicals and their effects on soil microbial population 45
  6. Chapter 4 Effect of abiotic stresses on plant systems and their mitigation 59
  7. Chapter 5 Plant pathogenesis and disease control 95
  8. Chapter 6 Plant defense systems: mechanism of self-protection by plants against pathogens 115
  9. Chapter 7 Role of Beneficial Microbes for Plant growth Improvement 141
  10. Chapter 8 Microbial bioproducts for plant growth and protection: trends and prospective 177
  11. Chapter 9 Nanopesticides: challenges and opportunities 201
  12. Chapter 10 Assessment of the role of rhizosphere in soil and its relationship with microorganisms and element absorption 225
  13. Chapter 11 Biosurfactant: an environmentally benign biological agent for sustainable agroecological agriculture 253
  14. Chapter 12 Bacillus lipopeptide-based antifungal agents for plant disease control 313
  15. Chapter 13 Use of alkaloids in plant protection 337
  16. Chapter 14 Biotechnological approaches for plant stress management 353
  17. Chapter 15 Role of proteins and enzymes in plant disease control 395
  18. Chapter 16 The role of PGPRs in phosphate solubilization and nitrogen fixation in order to promote plant growth parameters under salinity, drought, nutrient deficiency, and heavy metal stresses 415
  19. Chapter 17 Impact of endophytic fungi in biotic stress management 447
  20. Chapter 18 Ecosystem services and ecological role of birds in insect and pest control 463
  21. Chapter 19 Role of entomopathogenic fungi in biocontrol of insect pests 505
  22. Chapter 20 Indigenous practices for pest control and marketability of the produce for development of sustainable agriculture 549
  23. Chapter 21 Role of plant microbiome in crop protection 573
  24. List of contributing authors 601
  25. Index 611
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Heruntergeladen am 17.10.2025 von https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110771558-019/html
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