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Chapter 2 Plant protection through agrochemicals and its consequences

  • Himani , Pringal Upadhyay , Sonu Kumar Mahawer , Ravendra Kumar und Om Prakash
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Plant Protection
Ein Kapitel aus dem Buch Plant Protection

Abstract

Agrochemicals, commonly referred to as crop protection chemicals or pesticides, play a key role in controlling harmful pests that are responsible for damaging crops, thereby significantly reducing the quality and yield of crops. Agrochemicals comprise insecticides that protect crops either by killing insects or by preventing their attacks; antimicrobials that protect plants against plant pathogens such as nematodes, fungi, bacteria, and viruses; herbicides that are used to kill undesirable plants; biopesticides, which are new age crop protection products of natural origin; and other groups such as fumigants, fertilizers, soil conditioners, and plant growth regulators. In India, about 30-35% of the annual crop yield gets wasted due to pest attack; therefore, nowadays agrochemicals are being widely used for crop protection and increasing productivity. Besides the major benefits of pesticides and their role in crop production, there are many harmful effects associated with pesticides such as residues on food commodities, biomagnification and bioaccumulation, acute or chronic toxicity to humans and other nontarget organisms, and the emergence of pest resistance. The purpose of this publication is to explain the protection mechanism of different groups of pesticides, their impact, advantages and risks to human health and environment.

Abstract

Agrochemicals, commonly referred to as crop protection chemicals or pesticides, play a key role in controlling harmful pests that are responsible for damaging crops, thereby significantly reducing the quality and yield of crops. Agrochemicals comprise insecticides that protect crops either by killing insects or by preventing their attacks; antimicrobials that protect plants against plant pathogens such as nematodes, fungi, bacteria, and viruses; herbicides that are used to kill undesirable plants; biopesticides, which are new age crop protection products of natural origin; and other groups such as fumigants, fertilizers, soil conditioners, and plant growth regulators. In India, about 30-35% of the annual crop yield gets wasted due to pest attack; therefore, nowadays agrochemicals are being widely used for crop protection and increasing productivity. Besides the major benefits of pesticides and their role in crop production, there are many harmful effects associated with pesticides such as residues on food commodities, biomagnification and bioaccumulation, acute or chronic toxicity to humans and other nontarget organisms, and the emergence of pest resistance. The purpose of this publication is to explain the protection mechanism of different groups of pesticides, their impact, advantages and risks to human health and environment.

Kapitel in diesem Buch

  1. Frontmatter I
  2. Contents V
  3. Chapter 1 Agrochemical industry: a multibillion industry 1
  4. Chapter 2 Plant protection through agrochemicals and its consequences 25
  5. Chapter 3 Agrochemicals and their effects on soil microbial population 45
  6. Chapter 4 Effect of abiotic stresses on plant systems and their mitigation 59
  7. Chapter 5 Plant pathogenesis and disease control 95
  8. Chapter 6 Plant defense systems: mechanism of self-protection by plants against pathogens 115
  9. Chapter 7 Role of Beneficial Microbes for Plant growth Improvement 141
  10. Chapter 8 Microbial bioproducts for plant growth and protection: trends and prospective 177
  11. Chapter 9 Nanopesticides: challenges and opportunities 201
  12. Chapter 10 Assessment of the role of rhizosphere in soil and its relationship with microorganisms and element absorption 225
  13. Chapter 11 Biosurfactant: an environmentally benign biological agent for sustainable agroecological agriculture 253
  14. Chapter 12 Bacillus lipopeptide-based antifungal agents for plant disease control 313
  15. Chapter 13 Use of alkaloids in plant protection 337
  16. Chapter 14 Biotechnological approaches for plant stress management 353
  17. Chapter 15 Role of proteins and enzymes in plant disease control 395
  18. Chapter 16 The role of PGPRs in phosphate solubilization and nitrogen fixation in order to promote plant growth parameters under salinity, drought, nutrient deficiency, and heavy metal stresses 415
  19. Chapter 17 Impact of endophytic fungi in biotic stress management 447
  20. Chapter 18 Ecosystem services and ecological role of birds in insect and pest control 463
  21. Chapter 19 Role of entomopathogenic fungi in biocontrol of insect pests 505
  22. Chapter 20 Indigenous practices for pest control and marketability of the produce for development of sustainable agriculture 549
  23. Chapter 21 Role of plant microbiome in crop protection 573
  24. List of contributing authors 601
  25. Index 611
https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110771558-002

Kapitel in diesem Buch

  1. Frontmatter I
  2. Contents V
  3. Chapter 1 Agrochemical industry: a multibillion industry 1
  4. Chapter 2 Plant protection through agrochemicals and its consequences 25
  5. Chapter 3 Agrochemicals and their effects on soil microbial population 45
  6. Chapter 4 Effect of abiotic stresses on plant systems and their mitigation 59
  7. Chapter 5 Plant pathogenesis and disease control 95
  8. Chapter 6 Plant defense systems: mechanism of self-protection by plants against pathogens 115
  9. Chapter 7 Role of Beneficial Microbes for Plant growth Improvement 141
  10. Chapter 8 Microbial bioproducts for plant growth and protection: trends and prospective 177
  11. Chapter 9 Nanopesticides: challenges and opportunities 201
  12. Chapter 10 Assessment of the role of rhizosphere in soil and its relationship with microorganisms and element absorption 225
  13. Chapter 11 Biosurfactant: an environmentally benign biological agent for sustainable agroecological agriculture 253
  14. Chapter 12 Bacillus lipopeptide-based antifungal agents for plant disease control 313
  15. Chapter 13 Use of alkaloids in plant protection 337
  16. Chapter 14 Biotechnological approaches for plant stress management 353
  17. Chapter 15 Role of proteins and enzymes in plant disease control 395
  18. Chapter 16 The role of PGPRs in phosphate solubilization and nitrogen fixation in order to promote plant growth parameters under salinity, drought, nutrient deficiency, and heavy metal stresses 415
  19. Chapter 17 Impact of endophytic fungi in biotic stress management 447
  20. Chapter 18 Ecosystem services and ecological role of birds in insect and pest control 463
  21. Chapter 19 Role of entomopathogenic fungi in biocontrol of insect pests 505
  22. Chapter 20 Indigenous practices for pest control and marketability of the produce for development of sustainable agriculture 549
  23. Chapter 21 Role of plant microbiome in crop protection 573
  24. List of contributing authors 601
  25. Index 611
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Heruntergeladen am 16.10.2025 von https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110771558-002/html
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