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Chapter 10 Assessment of the role of rhizosphere in soil and its relationship with microorganisms and element absorption

  • Bahman Fazeli-Nasab , Ramin Piri und Ahmad Farid Rahmani
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Plant Protection
Ein Kapitel aus dem Buch Plant Protection

Abstract

The rhizosphere is the area around the plant root where a large population of microorganisms lives under the influence of chemicals secreted by plant roots. The chemicals released from plant roots are affected by plant species, soil factors, and climatic conditions, all of which together with the microbial population make the rhizosphere. The architecture of root system is very flexible. It is determined by plant species and occurs in response to changes in climatic, biological, and edaphic soil conditions. The distribution of nutrients in the soil is heterogeneous or fragmented. There is evidence that plants can sense the presence of nutrients and allocate more resources to the growth of root system, directing root growth toward these areas. Nevertheless, there is still little information about the effect of low-molecular-weight compounds on rhizosphere processes. A set of scientific efforts are being developed to unveil many of the functions of root secretions as a means of obtaining nutrients (such as iron and phosphorus uptake), creating invasive agents (such as allelopathy), being as chemical signals to attract symbiotic partners (chemotaxis) such as rhizobia and legumes or encouraging beneficial microbial colonies such as Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens on the root surface. Focused but limited activities have been carried out to control plants root system (especially the rhizosphere) in order to increase the yield potential of strategic agricultural products at the Global Challenge of Sustainable Production of Food, Fuel and Fiber. However, more extensive and comprehensive research is required to compensate for global demand in the next 50 years. These efforts are taking place despite the changing global climate and increasing global population, which will inevitably require the production of more food and plants on poor and often infertile lands. This is the situation that developing countries are currently facing. Meetings on global challenges of climate change and population growth and focusing on better understanding and controlling rhizosphere processes will be one of the most important frontiers of science in the coming decades, requiring diverse and interdisciplinary trained workforce.

Abstract

The rhizosphere is the area around the plant root where a large population of microorganisms lives under the influence of chemicals secreted by plant roots. The chemicals released from plant roots are affected by plant species, soil factors, and climatic conditions, all of which together with the microbial population make the rhizosphere. The architecture of root system is very flexible. It is determined by plant species and occurs in response to changes in climatic, biological, and edaphic soil conditions. The distribution of nutrients in the soil is heterogeneous or fragmented. There is evidence that plants can sense the presence of nutrients and allocate more resources to the growth of root system, directing root growth toward these areas. Nevertheless, there is still little information about the effect of low-molecular-weight compounds on rhizosphere processes. A set of scientific efforts are being developed to unveil many of the functions of root secretions as a means of obtaining nutrients (such as iron and phosphorus uptake), creating invasive agents (such as allelopathy), being as chemical signals to attract symbiotic partners (chemotaxis) such as rhizobia and legumes or encouraging beneficial microbial colonies such as Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens on the root surface. Focused but limited activities have been carried out to control plants root system (especially the rhizosphere) in order to increase the yield potential of strategic agricultural products at the Global Challenge of Sustainable Production of Food, Fuel and Fiber. However, more extensive and comprehensive research is required to compensate for global demand in the next 50 years. These efforts are taking place despite the changing global climate and increasing global population, which will inevitably require the production of more food and plants on poor and often infertile lands. This is the situation that developing countries are currently facing. Meetings on global challenges of climate change and population growth and focusing on better understanding and controlling rhizosphere processes will be one of the most important frontiers of science in the coming decades, requiring diverse and interdisciplinary trained workforce.

Kapitel in diesem Buch

  1. Frontmatter I
  2. Contents V
  3. Chapter 1 Agrochemical industry: a multibillion industry 1
  4. Chapter 2 Plant protection through agrochemicals and its consequences 25
  5. Chapter 3 Agrochemicals and their effects on soil microbial population 45
  6. Chapter 4 Effect of abiotic stresses on plant systems and their mitigation 59
  7. Chapter 5 Plant pathogenesis and disease control 95
  8. Chapter 6 Plant defense systems: mechanism of self-protection by plants against pathogens 115
  9. Chapter 7 Role of Beneficial Microbes for Plant growth Improvement 141
  10. Chapter 8 Microbial bioproducts for plant growth and protection: trends and prospective 177
  11. Chapter 9 Nanopesticides: challenges and opportunities 201
  12. Chapter 10 Assessment of the role of rhizosphere in soil and its relationship with microorganisms and element absorption 225
  13. Chapter 11 Biosurfactant: an environmentally benign biological agent for sustainable agroecological agriculture 253
  14. Chapter 12 Bacillus lipopeptide-based antifungal agents for plant disease control 313
  15. Chapter 13 Use of alkaloids in plant protection 337
  16. Chapter 14 Biotechnological approaches for plant stress management 353
  17. Chapter 15 Role of proteins and enzymes in plant disease control 395
  18. Chapter 16 The role of PGPRs in phosphate solubilization and nitrogen fixation in order to promote plant growth parameters under salinity, drought, nutrient deficiency, and heavy metal stresses 415
  19. Chapter 17 Impact of endophytic fungi in biotic stress management 447
  20. Chapter 18 Ecosystem services and ecological role of birds in insect and pest control 463
  21. Chapter 19 Role of entomopathogenic fungi in biocontrol of insect pests 505
  22. Chapter 20 Indigenous practices for pest control and marketability of the produce for development of sustainable agriculture 549
  23. Chapter 21 Role of plant microbiome in crop protection 573
  24. List of contributing authors 601
  25. Index 611
https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110771558-010

Kapitel in diesem Buch

  1. Frontmatter I
  2. Contents V
  3. Chapter 1 Agrochemical industry: a multibillion industry 1
  4. Chapter 2 Plant protection through agrochemicals and its consequences 25
  5. Chapter 3 Agrochemicals and their effects on soil microbial population 45
  6. Chapter 4 Effect of abiotic stresses on plant systems and their mitigation 59
  7. Chapter 5 Plant pathogenesis and disease control 95
  8. Chapter 6 Plant defense systems: mechanism of self-protection by plants against pathogens 115
  9. Chapter 7 Role of Beneficial Microbes for Plant growth Improvement 141
  10. Chapter 8 Microbial bioproducts for plant growth and protection: trends and prospective 177
  11. Chapter 9 Nanopesticides: challenges and opportunities 201
  12. Chapter 10 Assessment of the role of rhizosphere in soil and its relationship with microorganisms and element absorption 225
  13. Chapter 11 Biosurfactant: an environmentally benign biological agent for sustainable agroecological agriculture 253
  14. Chapter 12 Bacillus lipopeptide-based antifungal agents for plant disease control 313
  15. Chapter 13 Use of alkaloids in plant protection 337
  16. Chapter 14 Biotechnological approaches for plant stress management 353
  17. Chapter 15 Role of proteins and enzymes in plant disease control 395
  18. Chapter 16 The role of PGPRs in phosphate solubilization and nitrogen fixation in order to promote plant growth parameters under salinity, drought, nutrient deficiency, and heavy metal stresses 415
  19. Chapter 17 Impact of endophytic fungi in biotic stress management 447
  20. Chapter 18 Ecosystem services and ecological role of birds in insect and pest control 463
  21. Chapter 19 Role of entomopathogenic fungi in biocontrol of insect pests 505
  22. Chapter 20 Indigenous practices for pest control and marketability of the produce for development of sustainable agriculture 549
  23. Chapter 21 Role of plant microbiome in crop protection 573
  24. List of contributing authors 601
  25. Index 611
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Heruntergeladen am 17.10.2025 von https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110771558-010/html
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