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Chapter 4 Effect of abiotic stresses on plant systems and their mitigation

  • Nitika Negi , Siya Sharma , Nitika Bansal , Aditi Saini , Ratnaboli Bose , M.S. Bhandari , Amit Pandey and Shailesh Pandey
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Plant Protection
This chapter is in the book Plant Protection

Abstract

Terrestrial plants are exposed to adverse environments from their very birth. A multitude of physical and chemical factors pose threats to them, namely water deficit, flooding, extremes of temperature, saline loads, heavy metals, and ultraviolet radiation, among others. Together, these stresses come under abiotic stresses severely affecting agroecosystems resulting in massive crop yield loss. Abiotic stresses generally arise collectively, thus necessitating crops to be fortified with multistress tolerance. The world’s population is rapidly increasing, yet, agricultural productivity is not at par with the demand for food. A considerable portion of the population in poor nations, where agriculture is still practiced at a subsistence level, is continually challenged by abiotic stress factors and their interaction with biotic stress factors. Furthermore, when plants are challenged with multiple stresses simultaneously, coping becomes extremely difficult. Crop plants being sessile cannot escape, hence, must either adapt or die. This chapter aims at looking into the major plants’ abiotic stresses and their possible methods of mitigation.

Abstract

Terrestrial plants are exposed to adverse environments from their very birth. A multitude of physical and chemical factors pose threats to them, namely water deficit, flooding, extremes of temperature, saline loads, heavy metals, and ultraviolet radiation, among others. Together, these stresses come under abiotic stresses severely affecting agroecosystems resulting in massive crop yield loss. Abiotic stresses generally arise collectively, thus necessitating crops to be fortified with multistress tolerance. The world’s population is rapidly increasing, yet, agricultural productivity is not at par with the demand for food. A considerable portion of the population in poor nations, where agriculture is still practiced at a subsistence level, is continually challenged by abiotic stress factors and their interaction with biotic stress factors. Furthermore, when plants are challenged with multiple stresses simultaneously, coping becomes extremely difficult. Crop plants being sessile cannot escape, hence, must either adapt or die. This chapter aims at looking into the major plants’ abiotic stresses and their possible methods of mitigation.

Chapters in this book

  1. Frontmatter I
  2. Contents V
  3. Chapter 1 Agrochemical industry: a multibillion industry 1
  4. Chapter 2 Plant protection through agrochemicals and its consequences 25
  5. Chapter 3 Agrochemicals and their effects on soil microbial population 45
  6. Chapter 4 Effect of abiotic stresses on plant systems and their mitigation 59
  7. Chapter 5 Plant pathogenesis and disease control 95
  8. Chapter 6 Plant defense systems: mechanism of self-protection by plants against pathogens 115
  9. Chapter 7 Role of Beneficial Microbes for Plant growth Improvement 141
  10. Chapter 8 Microbial bioproducts for plant growth and protection: trends and prospective 177
  11. Chapter 9 Nanopesticides: challenges and opportunities 201
  12. Chapter 10 Assessment of the role of rhizosphere in soil and its relationship with microorganisms and element absorption 225
  13. Chapter 11 Biosurfactant: an environmentally benign biological agent for sustainable agroecological agriculture 253
  14. Chapter 12 Bacillus lipopeptide-based antifungal agents for plant disease control 313
  15. Chapter 13 Use of alkaloids in plant protection 337
  16. Chapter 14 Biotechnological approaches for plant stress management 353
  17. Chapter 15 Role of proteins and enzymes in plant disease control 395
  18. Chapter 16 The role of PGPRs in phosphate solubilization and nitrogen fixation in order to promote plant growth parameters under salinity, drought, nutrient deficiency, and heavy metal stresses 415
  19. Chapter 17 Impact of endophytic fungi in biotic stress management 447
  20. Chapter 18 Ecosystem services and ecological role of birds in insect and pest control 463
  21. Chapter 19 Role of entomopathogenic fungi in biocontrol of insect pests 505
  22. Chapter 20 Indigenous practices for pest control and marketability of the produce for development of sustainable agriculture 549
  23. Chapter 21 Role of plant microbiome in crop protection 573
  24. List of contributing authors 601
  25. Index 611
https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110771558-004

Chapters in this book

  1. Frontmatter I
  2. Contents V
  3. Chapter 1 Agrochemical industry: a multibillion industry 1
  4. Chapter 2 Plant protection through agrochemicals and its consequences 25
  5. Chapter 3 Agrochemicals and their effects on soil microbial population 45
  6. Chapter 4 Effect of abiotic stresses on plant systems and their mitigation 59
  7. Chapter 5 Plant pathogenesis and disease control 95
  8. Chapter 6 Plant defense systems: mechanism of self-protection by plants against pathogens 115
  9. Chapter 7 Role of Beneficial Microbes for Plant growth Improvement 141
  10. Chapter 8 Microbial bioproducts for plant growth and protection: trends and prospective 177
  11. Chapter 9 Nanopesticides: challenges and opportunities 201
  12. Chapter 10 Assessment of the role of rhizosphere in soil and its relationship with microorganisms and element absorption 225
  13. Chapter 11 Biosurfactant: an environmentally benign biological agent for sustainable agroecological agriculture 253
  14. Chapter 12 Bacillus lipopeptide-based antifungal agents for plant disease control 313
  15. Chapter 13 Use of alkaloids in plant protection 337
  16. Chapter 14 Biotechnological approaches for plant stress management 353
  17. Chapter 15 Role of proteins and enzymes in plant disease control 395
  18. Chapter 16 The role of PGPRs in phosphate solubilization and nitrogen fixation in order to promote plant growth parameters under salinity, drought, nutrient deficiency, and heavy metal stresses 415
  19. Chapter 17 Impact of endophytic fungi in biotic stress management 447
  20. Chapter 18 Ecosystem services and ecological role of birds in insect and pest control 463
  21. Chapter 19 Role of entomopathogenic fungi in biocontrol of insect pests 505
  22. Chapter 20 Indigenous practices for pest control and marketability of the produce for development of sustainable agriculture 549
  23. Chapter 21 Role of plant microbiome in crop protection 573
  24. List of contributing authors 601
  25. Index 611
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