Determination of four trace preservatives in street food by ionic liquid-based dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction
-
Peng Yang
,
Haixia Ren
Abstract
A rapid and simple ionic liquid-based dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction (DLLME) method has been developed to pre-concentrate four paraben preservatives (methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, and butylparaben) from street food (pancakes). Several potentially influential factors such as the type of ionic liquid and disperser solvent, extraction time, sample pH, ionic strength, and the volume of the ionic liquid and disperser solvent were investigated. The optimum experimental conditions for the proposed micro-extraction process were: 0.1 mL of 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([C8MIM][PF6]) as an extraction solvent, 0.1 mL of acetonitrile as a disperser solvent, 5 min extraction time, and sample ionic strength of 30 % sodium chloride in water sample at pH 6.0. The LODs and LOQs were in the range of 1.0–1.5 ng g−1 and 3.5–4.5 ng g−1, respectively. Spiking recoveries were in the range of 60.1–79.5 % and the associated RSDs were all in the range of 1.8–7.0 %. The results show that DLLME is a suitable method for the determination of parabens in pancake samples and ionic liquid is a good extractant in this process.
[1] Angelov, T., Vlasenko, A., & Tashkov, W. (2008). HPLC determination of pKa of parabens and investigation on their lipophilicity parameters. Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies, 31, 188–197. DOI: 10.1080/10826070701738787. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1082607070173878710.1080/10826070701738787Search in Google Scholar
[2] Canosa, P., Rodríguez, I., Rubí, E., & Cela, R. (2007). Determination of parabens and triclosan in indoor dust using matrix solid-phase dispersion and gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Analytical Chemistry, 79, 1675–1681. DOI: 10.1021/ac061896e. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac061896e10.1021/ac061896eSearch in Google Scholar PubMed
[3] Chen, H., Chen, R., & Li, S. (2010). Low-density extraction solvent-based solvent terminated dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of carbamate pesticides in water samples. Journal of Chromatography A, 1217, 1244–1248. DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.12.062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2009.12.06210.1016/j.chroma.2009.12.062Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[4] Farajzadeh, M. A., Djozan, Dj., & Fazeli Bakhtiyari, R. (2010). Use of a capillary tube for collecting an extraction solvent lighter than water after dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and its application in the determination of parabens in different samples by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection. Talanta, 81, 1360–1367. DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2010.02.035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2010.02.03510.1016/j.talanta.2010.02.035Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[5] FDA (1973). Methyl paraben and propyl paraben: Affirmation of GRAS status of direct human food ingredients. Federal Register, 38, 20048–20050. Search in Google Scholar
[6] Giernoth, R. (2010). Task-specific ionic liquids. Angewandte Chemie-International Edition, 49, 2834–2839. DOI: 10.1002/anie.200905981. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.20100239310.1002/anie.200905981Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[7] Huddleston, J. G., Visser, A. E., Reichert, W. M., Willauer, H. D., Broker, G. A., & Rogers, R. D. (2001). Characterization and comparison of hydrophilic and hydrophobic room temperature ionic liquids incorporating the imidazolium cation. Green Chemistry, 3, 156–164. DOI: 10.1039/b103275p. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b103275p10.1039/b103275pSearch in Google Scholar
[8] Korea Food & Drug Administration (2011). Butyl p-hydroxybenzoate. Korea food additives code. Retrieved from http: //fa.kfda.go.kr/standard/egongjeon standard view.jsp?SerialNo=520&GoCa=1 Search in Google Scholar
[9] Leong, M. I., & Huang, S. D. (2009). Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method based on solidification of floating organic drop for extraction of organochlorine pesticides in water samples. Journal of Chromatography A, 1216, 7645–7650. DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.09.004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2009.09.00410.1016/j.chroma.2009.09.004Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[10] Lu, H., Sun, H., Liu, X., & Jiang, S. (2009). Determination of alkaloids in Corydalis yanhusuo using hollow-fibre liquid phase microextraction and high performance liquid chromatography. Chemical Papers, 63, 351–357. DOI: 10.2478/s11696-009-0019-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11696-009-0019-510.2478/s11696-009-0019-5Search in Google Scholar
[11] Márquez-Sillero, I., Aguilera-Herrador, E., Cárdenas, S., & Valcárcel, M. (2010). Determination of parabens in cosmetic products using multi-walled carbon nanotubes as solid phase extraction sorbent and corona-charged aerosol detection system. Journal of Chromatography A, 1217, 1–6. DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.11.005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2009.11.00510.1016/j.chroma.2009.11.005Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[12] Mincea, M. Lupşa, I., Talpoş, I., & Ostafe, V. (2009). UPLC analysis of common parabens in cosmetic products. Acta Chromatographica, 21, 591–602. DOI: 10.1556/AChrom.21. 2009.4.6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/AChrom.21.2009.4.610.1556/AChrom.21.2009.4.6Search in Google Scholar
[13] Ministry of Health of China (2008). GB 2760-2007: Hygienic standards for uses of food additives. Beijing, China: Standards Press of China. Search in Google Scholar
[14] Nanayakkara, Y. S., Moon, H., Payagala, T., Wijeratne, A. B., Crank, J. A., Sharma, P. S., & Armstrong, D. W. (2008). A fundamental study on electrowetting by traditional and multifunctional ionic liquids: Possible use in electrowetting on dielectric-based microfluidic applications. Analytical Chemistry, 80, 7690–7698. DOI: 10.1021/ac8009802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac800980210.1021/ac8009802Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[15] Ravelo-Pérez, L. M., Hernández-Borges, J., Asensio-Ramos, M., & Rodríguez Delgado, M. Á. (2009). Ionic liquid based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the extraction of pesticides from bananas. Journal of Chromatography A, 1216, 7336–7345. DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.08.012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2009.08.01210.1016/j.chroma.2009.08.012Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[16] Regueiro, J., Becerril, E., Garcia-Jares, C., & Llompart, M. (2009). Trace analysis of parabens, triclosan and related chlorophenols in water by headspace solid-phase microextraction with in situ derivatization and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A, 1216, 4693–4702. DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.04.025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2009.04.02510.1016/j.chroma.2009.04.025Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[17] Saraji, M., & Mirmahdieh, S. (2009). Single-drop microextraction followed by in-syringe derivatization and GC-MS detection for the determination of parabens in water and cosmetic products. Journal of Separation Science, 32, 988–995. DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800635. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jssc.20080063510.1002/jssc.200800635Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[18] Shaw, J., & deCatanzaro, D. (2009). Estrogenicity of parabens revisited: Impact of parabens on early pregnancy and an uterotrophic assay in mice. Reproductive Toxicology, 28, 26–31. DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2009.03.003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2009.03.00310.1016/j.reprotox.2009.03.003Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[19] Soni, M. G., Carabin, I. G., & Burdock, G. A. (2005). Safety assessment of esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid (parabens). Food and Chemical Toxicology, 43, 985–1015. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2005.01.020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2005.01.02010.1016/j.fct.2005.01.020Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[20] Taxvig, C., Vinggaard, A. M., Hass, U., Axelstad, M., Boberg, J., Hansen, P. R., Frederiksen, H., & Nellemann, C. (2008). Do parabens have the ability to interfere with steroidogenesis? Toxicological Science, 106, 206–213. DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfn148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfn14810.1093/toxsci/kfn148Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[21] Villaverde-de-Sáa, E., González-Mariño, I., Quintana, J. B., Rodil, R., Rodríguez, I., & Cela, R. (2010). In-sample acetylation-non-porous membrane-assisted liquid-liquid extraction for the determination of parabens and triclosan in water samples. Analytical & Bioanalytical Chemistry, 397, 2559–2568. DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3789-2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-010-3789-210.1007/s00216-010-3789-2Search in Google Scholar PubMed
[22] Yang, Q., Xing, H., Cao, Y., Su, B., Yang, Y., & Ren, Q. (2009). Selective separation of tocopherol homologues by liquid-liquid extraction using ionic liquids. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 48, 6417–6422. DOI: 10.1021/ie801847e. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie801847e10.1021/ie801847eSearch in Google Scholar
[23] Zhao, F. Y., Wang, J. Y., Liu, H. J., & Liu, R. J. (2007). Synthesis and properties of a series of room-temperature ionic liquids N-alkyl-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphates. Chemical Reagents, 29, 229–231 Search in Google Scholar
© 2011 Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences
Articles in the same Issue
- Determination of four trace preservatives in street food by ionic liquid-based dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction
- Optimisation and validation of liquid chromatographic and partial least-squares-1 methods for simultaneous determination of enalapril maleate and nitrendipine in pharmaceutical preparations
- Chemiluminescence parameters of peroxynitrous acid in the presence of short-chain alcohols and Ru(bpy)32+
- Investigation of multi-layered silicate ceramics using laser ablation optical emission spectrometry, laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and electron microprobe analysis
- Simultaneous analysis of three catecholamines by a kinetic procedure: comparison of prediction performance of several different multivariate calibrations
- Enzymatic saccharification of cellulose in aqueous-ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dimethylphosphate-DMSO media
- Statistical and evolutionary optimisation of operating conditions for enhanced production of fungal l-asparaginase
- Extraction of phytosterols from tall oil soap using selected organic solvents
- Dynamic simulations of waste water treatment plant operation
- Influence of recycling and temperature on the swelling ability of paper
- Zirconium(IV) 4-sulphophenylethyliminobismethylphosphonate as an efficient and reusable catalyst for one-pot synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidones under solvent-free conditions
- Toxicity reduction of 2-(5-nitrofuryl)acrylic acid following Fenton reaction treatment
- Synthesis and characterisation of alkaline earth-iron(III) double hydroxides
- Effect of cyclodextrins on pH-induced conformational transition of poly(methacrylic acid)
- Polyamine-substituted epoxy-grafted silica for aqueous metal recovery
- Helical silica nanotubes: Nanofabrication architecture, transfer of helix and chirality to silica nanotubes
- DFT calculations on the Friedel-Crafts benzylation of 1,4-dimethoxybenzene using ZnCl2 impregnated montmorillonite K10 — inversion of relative selectivities and reactivities of aryl halides
- Facile synthesis of 3-aryl-1-((4-aryl-1,2,3-selenadiazol-5-yl)sulfanyl)isoquinolines
- Influence of trimethoxy-substituted positions on fluorescence of heteroaryl chalcone derivatives
- A simple and efficient one-pot synthesis of Hantzsch 1,4-dihydropyridines using silica sulphuric acid as a heterogeneous and reusable catalyst under solvent-free conditions
- Methylprednisolone release from agar-Carbomer-based hydrogel: a promising tool for local drug delivery
- 2-Alkylsulphanyl-4-pyridinecarbothioamides — inhibitors of oxygen evolution in freshwater alga Chlorella vulgaris
Articles in the same Issue
- Determination of four trace preservatives in street food by ionic liquid-based dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction
- Optimisation and validation of liquid chromatographic and partial least-squares-1 methods for simultaneous determination of enalapril maleate and nitrendipine in pharmaceutical preparations
- Chemiluminescence parameters of peroxynitrous acid in the presence of short-chain alcohols and Ru(bpy)32+
- Investigation of multi-layered silicate ceramics using laser ablation optical emission spectrometry, laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and electron microprobe analysis
- Simultaneous analysis of three catecholamines by a kinetic procedure: comparison of prediction performance of several different multivariate calibrations
- Enzymatic saccharification of cellulose in aqueous-ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dimethylphosphate-DMSO media
- Statistical and evolutionary optimisation of operating conditions for enhanced production of fungal l-asparaginase
- Extraction of phytosterols from tall oil soap using selected organic solvents
- Dynamic simulations of waste water treatment plant operation
- Influence of recycling and temperature on the swelling ability of paper
- Zirconium(IV) 4-sulphophenylethyliminobismethylphosphonate as an efficient and reusable catalyst for one-pot synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidones under solvent-free conditions
- Toxicity reduction of 2-(5-nitrofuryl)acrylic acid following Fenton reaction treatment
- Synthesis and characterisation of alkaline earth-iron(III) double hydroxides
- Effect of cyclodextrins on pH-induced conformational transition of poly(methacrylic acid)
- Polyamine-substituted epoxy-grafted silica for aqueous metal recovery
- Helical silica nanotubes: Nanofabrication architecture, transfer of helix and chirality to silica nanotubes
- DFT calculations on the Friedel-Crafts benzylation of 1,4-dimethoxybenzene using ZnCl2 impregnated montmorillonite K10 — inversion of relative selectivities and reactivities of aryl halides
- Facile synthesis of 3-aryl-1-((4-aryl-1,2,3-selenadiazol-5-yl)sulfanyl)isoquinolines
- Influence of trimethoxy-substituted positions on fluorescence of heteroaryl chalcone derivatives
- A simple and efficient one-pot synthesis of Hantzsch 1,4-dihydropyridines using silica sulphuric acid as a heterogeneous and reusable catalyst under solvent-free conditions
- Methylprednisolone release from agar-Carbomer-based hydrogel: a promising tool for local drug delivery
- 2-Alkylsulphanyl-4-pyridinecarbothioamides — inhibitors of oxygen evolution in freshwater alga Chlorella vulgaris
