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Effect of thermal annealing on structure and magnetic properties in a Ni–Cr multilayer

  • Mitali Swain EMAIL logo , Dillip K. Satapathy , Mukul Gupta and M. S. Ramachandra Rao
Published/Copyright: April 14, 2023
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International Journal of Materials Research
From the journal International Journal of Materials Research Volume 114 Issue 4-5

Abstract

Evolution of structural and magnetic properties in a nickel/chromium (Ni/Cr) multilayer, as a function of different annealing temperatures was investigated. The Ni/Cr multilayer of nominal structure [Cr (50 Å)/Ni (50 Å)]×10/Cr (30 Å) was grown on a Si substrate by radio frequency ion beam sputtering at room temperature. X-ray diffraction, X-ray reflectometry, atomic force microscopy and crossectional scanning electron microscopy were employed for the complete structural characterization of the multilayer whereas superconducting quantum interference device vibration sample magnetometer was used for the bulk magnetisation study. The effect of in-situ and ex-situ annealing on overall structural property of the multilayer also reported in present work. From in-situ X-ray reflectometry (50–400 °C), 300 °C was detected as the optimum temperature for improved structural properties of the Ni/Cr multilayer. Initiation of alloying in the multilayer sample was noticed at 350 °C. The multilayer found to exhibit polycrystalline nature observed by X-ray diffraction. Total thickness of the multilayer system was confirmed by crossectional scanning electron microscopy and in well agreement with X-ray reflectivity results. The Ni/Cr sample found to exhibit soft ferromagnetic behaviour after annealing at 300 °C and 400 °C. However the net magnetic moment reduced upon annealing at higher temperature (400 °C).

Keywords: Magnetism; Ni–Cr multilayer; Thermal annealing; X-ray reflectometry
Corresponding author: Mitali Swain, C.V. Raman Global University, Bhubaneswar 752054 India; and Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India, E-mail: ,

Current address: Mitali Swain, C.V. Raman Global University, Bhubaneswar 752054, India.

Acknowledgments

One of the authors acknowledges the help of Mr. Layanta Behera of UGC DAE CSR, Indore in preparing the samples. The author also acknowledges Dr. V. R. Reddy of UGC DAE CSR, Indore, for providing the XRR facility to optimize the thickness of the ML during preparation of the sample.

  1. Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.

  2. Research funding: None declared.

  3. Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.

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Received: 2022-02-08
Accepted: 2022-12-14
Published Online: 2023-04-14
Published in Print: 2023-04-25

© 2023 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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https://doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-2022-0063
Keywords for this article
Magnetism; Ni–Cr multilayer; Thermal annealing; X-ray reflectometry

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  4. Original Papers
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