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Effect of KMnO4 on catalytic combustion performance of semi-coke

  • Luyao Kou , Junjing Tang , Tu Hu EMAIL logo , Baocheng Zhou EMAIL logo and Li Yang
Published/Copyright: October 27, 2020
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Green Processing and Synthesis
From the journal Green Processing and Synthesis Volume 9 Issue 1

Abstract

The effect of KMnO4 on the combustion characteristics and kinetic behavior of semi-coke was studied by thermogravimetric analysis. When 6 wt% KMnO4 was added, the ignition temperature of semi-coke was the lowest. The apparent activation energy of semi-coke with different addition amount of KMnO4 was calculated by Coats–Redfern integration method, the apparent activation energy of semi-coke during combustion reaction first decreased and then increased with increase in KMnO4. When 6 wt% KMnO4 is added, the apparent activation energy is minimal. The apparent activation energy of semi-coke with 2 wt% KMnO4 added at different conversion rates was calculated using Flynn–Wall–Ozawa integration method. The results show that the apparent activation energy of semi-coke combustion decreases with the increase of conversion.

Keywords: semi-coke; KMnO4; combustion; kinetic

1 Introduction

As the most important energy source, coal is widely used in various industries, some of which are used as fuel for blast furnace iron making after being converted into coke. With the increasingly tight supply of coal, the price of coke is rising, and the cost of iron making is gradually rising. Blast furnace coal injection technology has been widely used as a method that can reduce the use of coke and the cost of iron making [1,2]. At present, most of the iron and steel enterprises generally use the combination of bituminous coal and anthracite for blast furnace pulverized coal injection in China, the reason is that the combustion of bituminous coal is better than anthracite, but the content of S and P in bituminous coal are higher than anthracite, and these two elements are harmful to blast furnace [3,4], it is not conducive to blast furnace production to use specific coal alone.

As a new type of fuel, semi-coke has high fixed carbon content, low S and P impurity content, and it has huge reserves in China [5]. Compared with anthracite, semi-coke has the characteristics of high calorific value, large reserves, and low price, if semi-coke is used instead of anthracite, semi-coke plus bituminous coal is used for blast furnace injection, which is expected to reduce the cost of blast furnace pig iron. However, at present, the amount of semi-coke in mixed injection coal powder is limited, too much blending will reduce the combustion performance of the mixed coal powder and increase the amount of unburned coal powder, which will affect the blast furnace forward. Therefore, studying the catalytic combustion of semi-coke to improve its combustion efficiency and the burnout rate is of great significance for increasing the amount of semi-coke.

Yao et al. [6] used thermogravimetric (TG) analysis to study the combustion characteristics and kinetic behavior of the blend of semi-coke and bituminous coal in an oxygen-rich atmosphere. They found that replacing O2 with CO2 can significantly change the burnout behavior of the semi-coke. When the temperature exceeds 750°C, semi-coke is easier to gasify than bituminous coal under a CO2 atmosphere. Cui et al. [7] prepared the mesoporous perovskite-type coal combustion catalyst by sol–gel method. By TG analysis, it was found that the presence of the catalyst reduced the ignition temperature, maximum weightlessness rate temperature, and burnout temperature of the pulverized coal. Wang et al. [8] conducted an experimental evaluation of the co-combustion characteristics of semi-coke and bituminous coal and found that bituminous coal and semi-coke interacted during the combustion process and improved the combustion characteristics of semi-coke. Wang et al. [9] found through TG experiments that semi-coke mixed with corn stalk can reduce its ignition temperature and burnout temperature. The interaction of the mixture during the combustion process mainly occurred at 400–600°C, indicating that the combustion of fixed carbon in corn stalk temperature is delayed.

As one of the strongest oxidants, KMnO4 will decompose O2 and MnO2 at about 300°C. MnO2 is quickly reduced to metal Mn by coke at high temperature, promoting the breakage of C–C bonds in coke and forming volatiles; at the same time, MnO2 provides oxygen ions to the coke in the process of being reduced to metal Mn, changes the surface activity of the coke, and promotes the combustion of the coke, then, the metal Mn is oxidized to MnO2 at high temperature, and is reduced again to release oxygen ions, thereby achieving a cyclical catalytic effect [10,11,12,13,14]. Moinuddin et al. [15] found that KMnO4 can remove sulfur in coal mines, and as the pressure increases, the sulfur removal rate increases. Irum et al. [16] studied the desulfurization effects of Fe2(SO4)3, KMnO4, and NaOCl on coal desulfurization. The results show that KMnO4 has a significant promotion effect on sulfur removal rate. The addition of KMnO4 to pulverized coal is mainly for the study of sulfur adsorption in the present, but the research on the catalytic combustion of pulverized coal by permanganate is rarely involved.

At present, there is little research on the effect of additives on the catalytic combustion of semi-coke. In this paper, the effect of KMnO4 combustion aid on the catalytic combustion performance of semi-coke was studied to achieve the purpose of increasing the amount of semi-coke in the mixed injection of pulverized coal, which is of great significance for the efficient production of blast furnace and the reduction of pig iron cost.

2 Experimental

2.1 Sample preparation

The semi-coke used in the experiment was from a smelting enterprise in Yunnan, China. The semi-coke was ground to 200 mesh and dried to constant weight at 80°C in a constant temperature oven and then placed in a sealed bag for storage. The industrial analysis of semi-coke is shown in Table 1. The preparation of the experimental sample was as follows: 10 g of semi-coke was weighed, 2 wt% KMnO4 and 200 mL of deionized water were added, and then the sample was magnetic stirred for 2 h at room temperature dried at 105°C for 24 h, and then taken out and ground for 10 min. The above operation was repeated to prepare mixed semi-coke samples in which 0 wt%, 2 wt%, 4 wt%, 6 wt%, and 8 wt% KMnO4 was added and named as D1, D2, D3, D4, and D5, respectively.

Table 1

Proximate and ultimate analyses results of semi-coke (wt%)

Proximate analysisUltimate analysis
Mad%Vad%Aad%FCadCadHadOadNadSad
5.2817.578.6970.2883.743.430.760.720.4

Note: ad = air dry basis; M = moisture; V = volatile matter; FC = fixed carbon.

2.2 Sample characterization

Experiment on a STA6000/8000 thermal analyzer manufactured by PerkinElmer. Thermal analyzer temperature deviation is ±0.1°C; balance sensitivity deviation is less than 0.1 μg. In this experiment, the sample mass is about 6 mg, and the samples are raised to 1,000°C at room temperature at a heating rate of 10°C/min, 20°C/min, 30°C/min, and 40°C/min under an air flow rate of 50 mL/min.

3 Results and discussion

3.1 Combustion performance

Five samples D1, D2, D3, D4, and D5 were tested using thermal analyzer at a heating rate of 20°C/min. Figure 1 shows the TG and DTG curves of different samples. It can be seen from the DTG that the reaction process is mainly through two stages of volatilization analysis and ignition and combustion of the remaining coke. Since there is sufficient O2 in the whole process, there is no coking gasification reaction in the later stage of combustion. As shown in Figure 1b, DTG has only one peak, which indicates that the volatile matter coincides with the ignition phase of coke, indicating that a heterogeneous ignition occurred in this process. The ignition temperature (Ti) reflects the ignition performance of the sample, the smaller the Ti, the easier the sample is to catch fire [17]. The burnout temperature (Tb) indicates the temperature at which the combustibles in the sample are completely burned out within a certain temperature range. Usually, the TG curve tends to a horizontal straight line, and the temperature corresponding to the DTG curve close to zero is Tb. Ti and Tb reflect changes in combustion performance throughout the combustion process [18]. Ti and Tb of the samples are shown in Table 2. Ti sequence of four different semi-coke samples is D4 < D5 < D3 < D2 < D1. Tb sequence is D5 < D1 < D4 < D2 < D3. When 6 wt% KMnO4 was added, Ti of semi-coke was the lowest, being 448.48°C, which was 118.36°C lower than that of the semi-coke without KMnO4. When 8 wt% KMnO4 was added, Tb of semi-coke was the lowest, being 754.29°C.

Figure 1 TG–DTG curves of the samples at the temperature rise rate of 20°C/min: (a) TG and (b) DTG curves.
Figure 1

TG–DTG curves of the samples at the temperature rise rate of 20°C/min: (a) TG and (b) DTG curves.

Table 2

Combustion parameters of mixed semi-coke samples

SampleTi (°C)Tb (°C)Combustion ratio (%)S×109 (%2 min−2 °C−3)
500°C600°C700°C800°C
D1566.84757.526.1826.0680.5399.940.32
D2490.23777.5818.2945.2184.0599.520.58
D3477.29782.5818.5346.1680.8396.920.62
D4448.48767.5821.3750.0782.7496.270.69
D5475.73754.2922.8166.9295.4595.960.61

In the combustion process, the comprehensive combustion characteristic index S is generally used to reflect the whole process of ignition and burnout of the sample. The larger the S, the better the combustion characteristics of the sample. The calculation formula is as follows:

(1)S=dwdtmax×dwdtmeanTi2×Tb

where dwdtmax is the maximum combustion rate of pulverized coal, %/min; dwdtmean is the average combustion rate, %/min.

By analyzing the TG curve, the combustion rate of the sample at different temperatures can be obtained. For the convenience of analysis, the combustion rate of the sample at the combustion temperatures of 500°C, 600°C, 700°C, and 800°C is generally selected. The combustion rate is calculated using the below formula:

(2)R=Wi−WtWi×η×100%

where Wi is the initial mass of the sample, g; Wt is the mass after the sample is burned t minutes, g; η is the weight loss rate when the sample is completely burned without additives; R is the combustion rate of the sample.

The combustion rate and comprehensive combustion characteristic index of different samples at different temperatures are presented in Table 2. It is observed from Table 2 that when the combustion temperature is between 500°C and 700°C, the addition of KMnO4 can increase the combustion rate of semi-coke, as the amount of addition increases, the combustion rate of the mixed samples at 500°C and 600°C also increases. At 800°C, the combustion rate of the mixed sample is reduced. This whole process may be because KMnO4 can distort the macromolecular network structure in the semi-coke [19,20], weaken the bridging bond between the structural units, and the precipitation temperature of the more difficult pyrolysis component in the volatile matter after the additive is added, and the fixed carbon combines to form a complex that acts as a carrier for oxygen, promoting the transfer of oxygen between the two materials, thereby promoting the combustion of the semi-coke.

3.2 Effects of heating rates

In order to study the effect of heating rate on the mixed samples, the D2 mixed semi-coke samples were tested in air atmospheres at heating rates of 10°C/min, 20°C/min, 30°C/min, and 40°C/min. It can be seen from Figure 2 that the combustion process of the mixed sample has similar trends at different heating rates, which indicates that the heating rate has a certain influence on the burning rate during the combustion of the sample, but it doesn’t have much effect on the mechanism. As the heating rate increases, the TG curve shifts to the right, causing Ti and Tb to increase accordingly. For D2, when the heating rate is increased from 10°C/min to 40°C/min, the Ti of the sample rises from 485.27°C to 512.36°C, and the Tb rises from 641.85°C to 826.67°C. This is because the propagation and heat transfer of the medium takes a certain amount of time. If the heating rate of the program is too fast, the time for the combustion reaction of the sample will be insufficient, and then the entire TG curve will shift to the high-temperature region. It can be seen from the DTG curve that as the heating rate increases, the mass loss rate of the sample also decreases. When the heating rate was increased from 10°C/min to 40°C/min, the maximum weight loss rate of the sample decreased from 0.69%/°C to 0.25%/°C.

Figure 2 TG–DTG curves of D2 sample at different heating rates: (a) TG and (b) DTG curves.
Figure 2

TG–DTG curves of D2 sample at different heating rates: (a) TG and (b) DTG curves.

3.3 Dynamic analysis results

The Coats–Redfern integration method belongs to a single scan rate method and is a method for kinetic analysis of data results of a TG curve measured by an experiment at a fixed heating rate [21]. Table 3 is the integral function of the combustion reaction model, however, in the equation, it is impossible to integrate the independent variable containing temperature in the right-hand formula to obtain an accurate solution only through approximate solution or numerical integration.

Table 3

Reaction model integral function.

Reaction modelSymbolfαGα
Zero-order reactionO01α
First-order reactionO11−α−ln1−α
Second-order reactionO21−α21−α−1
Third-order reactionO31−α321−α−2
Shrink cylinderR221−α121−1−α12
Shrink sphereR331−α231−1−α13
One-dimensional diffusionD1α2α2
Two-dimensional diffusionD2−[ln1−α]−11−αln1−α+α
Three-dimensional diffusionD3231−α231−1−α13−11−1−α132

According to Arrhenius’s law, if the initial mass of the coal powder involved in the reaction is m0, the mass after the reaction t time is m, and the final mass is m∞ after the reaction is completed, the expression of the reaction rate can be obtained as:

(3)dαdt=A1−αnexp−EαRTfα
(4)α=m0−mm0−m∞

where A refers to the pre-factor, min−1; α is the conversion of coal powder; n is the reaction order; Eα is the activation energy, kJ/mol; and R is the gas constant.

If the rate of temperature raises β=dTdt is brought to Eq. 3 and a temperature approximation is made, then there is:

(5)∫0αdα1−αn=ART21−2RTEαexp−EαRTβEα

when n ≠ 1,

After Eq. 5, the Coats–Redfern equation can be obtained as:

(6)ln1−1−α1−nT21−n=lnAR1−2RTEαβEα−EαRT

when n = 1,

(7)ln−ln1−αT2=lnAR1−2RTEαβEα−EαRT

In the combustion process of pulverized coal samples, the result of EαRT is much larger than 1, so the result of 1−2RTEα is about equal to 1, That is, the expression of the first term on the right side of the Coats–Redfern equation is independent of temperature. When n = 1, in Eq. 7, ln−ln1−αT2 is plotted against 1T, and the graph is approximated as a straight line, −EαR is the slope, lnARβEα is the intercept. So in the end, the value of the exponential pre-factor and the activation energy of the combustion reaction of the semi-coke mixed sample can be obtained.

The Flynn–Wall–Ozawa integration method belongs to the multiple scan rate method, which analyzes the experimental data obtained by samples at different heating rates [22,23]. The basic equation of the model is as follows:

(8)lnβ=lnAEαGα−5.331−1.052EαRT

At different heating rates, if the same conversion rate is chosen, integral form of reaction mechanism mode function Gα is a fixed value, plotted as lnβ versus 1T, the data are fitted by least-squares method, and the activation energy of the reaction can be determined from the slope.

According to the kinetic fitting results of different reaction model functions, the O1 model has the highest correlation coefficient. Therefore, the O1 reaction model is used for kinetic analysis of the five groups of samples, and the kinetic parameters of each group of samples are calculated. Figure 3 is a Coats–Redfern kinetic analysis curve of different samples at a programmed temperature rate of 20°C/min. The activation energy and pre-exponential factor calculation results are shown in Table 3.

Figure 3 Coats–Redfern method plots of different samples at 20°C/min.
Figure 3

Coats–Redfern method plots of different samples at 20°C/min.

It is shown in Figure 3 that the linearity of ln−ln1−αT2 with the 1000T curve is very good, indicating that it is reasonable to assume that the combustion reaction of the sample under the experimental conditions is a first-order reaction. It can be seen from Table 3 that the correlation coefficients are all above 0.996, indicating that the fitting results are very good. The activation energy represents the difficulty of the combustion reaction, the smaller the value, the easier the combustion reaction is. Table 3 indicates that the addition of KMnO4 can reduce the activation energy of semi-coke combustion and increase the reaction activity of semi-coke. When the addition amount of KMnO4 is 6 wt%, the activation energy required for the reaction is the smallest. This is because after mixing KMnO4 and semi-coke, KMnO4 provides oxygen ions for semi-coke at high temperature, thereby changing the surface activity of semi-coke and promoting its combustion [24,25].

To accurately fit the experimental data of TG-DTG, the kinetic analysis of D2 samples was performed by multiscan FWO integration method. This method is to fit the experimental data by the conversion degree α within a certain range. In this experiment, α is between 0.1 and 0.9. Figure 4 is an FWO kinetic analysis curve of the D2 sample reacted at different temperature-programmed rates, and Table 4 shows the activation energy and pre-exponential factor calculation results of the D2. The analysis method results of other samples are similar.

Figure 4 FWO method plots of sample D2 in different conversion degrees.
Figure 4

FWO method plots of sample D2 in different conversion degrees.

Table 4

Combustion kinetic parameters of different samples

SampleEα (kJ/mol)A (min−1)R2
D185.408.33 × 1070.997
D259.615.35 × 1060.998
D363.771.36 × 1040.997
D459.243.56 × 1080.998
D565.291.78 × 1060.996

As shown in Figure 4, the straight line fitted by the FWO integral method agrees well with the original data, which indicates that the kinetic curve obtained by this method has high linearity and the result is reliable. Moreover, the slope of the fitted straight line changes as the conversion α changes, that is, the reaction activation energy also changes. As can be seen from Table 5, as the conversion degree α increases, the activation energy thereof decreases. This is because the whole experimental process is carried out under programmed temperature. For the gas–solid phase reaction such as pulverized coal combustion, when the temperature is low, the surface reaction speed is slower, which is the power control zone, as the temperature rises, the surface reaction speed increases, and gradually goes to the diffusion control zone and the activation energy gradually decreases [26,27,28].

Table 5

Combustion kinetic parameters of sample D2

Conversion rateEα (kJ/mol)A (min−1)R2
0.178.561.28 × 1060.994
0.277.692.78 × 1050.998
0.377.584.79 × 1070.997
0.476.493.54 × 1070.996
0.575.494.68 × 1060.996
0.674.384.35 × 1060.995
0.773.286.28 × 1050.996
0.872.865.43 × 1070.997
0.972.153.77 × 1060.996
Average75.38——

4 Conclusions

The effect of KMnO4 on the combustion characteristics and kinetic behavior of semi-coke was studied by thermal analysis. The combustion characteristics of the semi-coke and KMnO4 blends on the thermal analyzer varied with the amount of KMnO4 added. The main conclusions are as follows:

  1. Adding a certain amount of KMnO4 can lower the ignition temperature and the burn-out temperature of the semi-coke. Compared with the semi-coke without KMnO4, when the addition amount of KMnO4 is 6 wt%, the ignition temperature of semi-coke decreases most, which is 118.36°C; when the addition amount is 8 wt%, the burnout temperature of semi-coke decreases the most, which is 2.23°C. The combustion rate and comprehensive combustion characteristic index of different samples at different temperatures indicate that the addition of a certain amount of KMnO4 can promote the combustion of semi-coke.

  2. The apparent activation energy of semi-coke with different addition amounts of KMnO4 was calculated by Coats–Redfern integration method. The result shows that the apparent activation energy decreases first and then increases with the addition of KMnO4. When the addition amount is 6 wt%, apparent activation energy is reduced to a minimum of 59.24 kJ/mol. It shows that KMnO4 can promote the combustion of semi-coke to a certain extent, that is, the mixed combustion of KMnO4 and semi-coke can improve the overall combustion performance.

  3. The apparent activation energy of mixed semi-coke at four heating rates was calculated by FWO integration method. The result shows that the apparent activation energy of the combustion reaction of semi-coke decreases with the increase of conversion. Under low conversion, the reaction gas temperature is lower and the calculated apparent activation energy is closer to real activation energy.

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (51764034), Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Talents Program (201905C160043) and Yunnan Ten Thousand Talents Plan Young & Elite Talents Project (No. YNWRQNBJ-2019-222).

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Received: 2020-06-18
Revised: 2020-08-03
Accepted: 2020-08-09
Published Online: 2020-10-27

© 2020 Luyao Kou et al., published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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  19. Green synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles from Syzygium cumini extract for photo-catalytic removal of lead (Pb) in explosive industrial wastewater
  20. The study on the influence of oxidation degree and temperature on the viscosity of biodiesel
  21. Prepare a catalyst consist of rare earth minerals to denitrate via NH3-SCR
  22. Bacterial nanobiotic potential
  23. Green synthesis and characterization of carboxymethyl guar gum: Application in textile printing technology
  24. Potential of adsorbents from agricultural wastes as alternative fillers in mixed matrix membrane for gas separation: A review
  25. Bactericidal and cytotoxic properties of green synthesized nanosilver using Rosmarinus officinalis leaves
  26. Synthesis of biomass-supported CuNi zero-valent nanoparticles through wetness co-impregnation method for the removal of carcinogenic dyes and nitroarene
  27. Synthesis of 2,2′-dibenzoylaminodiphenyl disulfide based on Aspen Plus simulation and the development of green synthesis processes
  28. Catalytic performance of the biosynthesized AgNps from Bistorta amplexicaule: antifungal, bactericidal, and reduction of carcinogenic 4-nitrophenol
  29. Optical and antimicrobial properties of silver nanoparticles synthesized via green route using honey
  30. Adsorption of l-α-glycerophosphocholine on ion-exchange resin: Equilibrium, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies
  31. Microwave-assisted green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using dried extracts of Chlorella vulgaris and antibacterial activity studies
  32. Preparation of graphene oxide/chitosan complex and its adsorption properties for heavy metal ions
  33. Green synthesis of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles from plant leaf extracts and their applications: A review
  34. Synthesis, characterization, and electrochemical properties of carbon nanotubes used as cathode materials for Al–air batteries from a renewable source of water hyacinth
  35. Optimization of medium–low-grade phosphorus rock carbothermal reduction process by response surface methodology
  36. The study of rod-shaped TiO2 composite material in the protection of stone cultural relics
  37. Eco-friendly synthesis of AuNPs for cutaneous wound-healing applications in nursing care after surgery
  38. Green approach in fabrication of photocatalytic, antimicrobial, and antioxidant zinc oxide nanoparticles – hydrothermal synthesis using clove hydroalcoholic extract and optimization of the process
  39. Green synthesis: Proposed mechanism and factors influencing the synthesis of platinum nanoparticles
  40. Green synthesis of 3-(1-naphthyl), 4-methyl-3-(1-naphthyl) coumarins and 3-phenylcoumarins using dual-frequency ultrasonication
  41. Optimization for removal efficiency of fluoride using La(iii)–Al(iii)-activated carbon modified by chemical route
  42. In vitro biological activity of Hydroclathrus clathratus and its use as an extracellular bioreductant for silver nanoparticle formation
  43. Evaluation of saponin-rich/poor leaf extract-mediated silver nanoparticles and their antifungal capacity
  44. Propylene carbonate synthesis from propylene oxide and CO2 over Ga-Silicate-1 catalyst
  45. Environmentally benevolent synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using Olea ferruginea Royle for antibacterial and antioxidant activities
  46. Eco-synthesis and characterization of titanium nanoparticles: Testing its cytotoxicity and antibacterial effects
  47. A novel biofabrication of gold nanoparticles using Erythrina senegalensis leaf extract and their ameliorative effect on mycoplasmal pneumonia for treating lung infection in nursing care
  48. Phytosynthesis of selenium nanoparticles using the costus extract for bactericidal application against foodborne pathogens
  49. Temperature effects on electrospun chitosan nanofibers
  50. An electrochemical method to investigate the effects of compound composition on gold dissolution in thiosulfate solution
  51. Trillium govanianum Wall. Ex. Royle rhizomes extract-medicated silver nanoparticles and their antimicrobial activity
  52. In vitro bactericidal, antidiabetic, cytotoxic, anticoagulant, and hemolytic effect of green-synthesized silver nanoparticles using Allium sativum clove extract incubated at various temperatures
  53. The green synthesis of N-hydroxyethyl-substituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines with acidic ionic liquid as catalyst
  54. Effect of KMnO4 on catalytic combustion performance of semi-coke
  55. Removal of Congo red and malachite green from aqueous solution using heterogeneous Ag/ZnCo-ZIF catalyst in the presence of hydrogen peroxide
  56. Nucleotide-based green synthesis of lanthanide coordination polymers for tunable white-light emission
  57. Determination of life cycle GHG emission factor for paper products of Vietnam
  58. Parabolic trough solar collectors: A general overview of technology, industrial applications, energy market, modeling, and standards
  59. Structural characteristics of plant cell wall elucidated by solution-state 2D NMR spectroscopy with an optimized procedure
  60. Sustainable utilization of a converter slagging agent prepared by converter precipitator dust and oxide scale
  61. Efficacy of chitosan silver nanoparticles from shrimp-shell wastes against major mosquito vectors of public health importance
  62. Effectiveness of six different methods in green synthesis of selenium nanoparticles using propolis extract: Screening and characterization
  63. Characterizations and analysis of the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and dye reduction ability of green synthesized silver nanoparticles
  64. Foliar applications of bio-fabricated selenium nanoparticles to improve the growth of wheat plants under drought stress
  65. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Valeriana jatamansi shoots extract and its antimicrobial activity
  66. Characterization and biological activities of synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles using the extract of Acantholimon serotinum
  67. Effect of calcination temperature on rare earth tailing catalysts for catalytic methane combustion
  68. Enhanced diuretic action of furosemide by complexation with β-cyclodextrin in the presence of sodium lauryl sulfate
  69. Development of chitosan/agar-silver nanoparticles-coated paper for antibacterial application
  70. Preparation, characterization, and catalytic performance of Pd–Ni/AC bimetallic nano-catalysts
  71. Acid red G dye removal from aqueous solutions by porous ceramsite produced from solid wastes: Batch and fixed-bed studies
  72. Review Articles
  73. Recent advances in the catalytic applications of GO/rGO for green organic synthesis
https://doi.org/10.1515/gps-2020-0057
Keywords for this article
semi-coke; KMnO4; combustion; kinetic
Creative Commons
BY 4.0

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  16. Preparation and properties of hydrogel based on sawdust cellulose for environmentally friendly slow release fertilizers
  17. Structural characterization, antioxidant and cytotoxic effects of iron nanoparticles synthesized using Asphodelus aestivus Brot. aqueous extract
  18. Phase transformation involved in the reduction process of magnesium oxide in calcined dolomite by ferrosilicon with additive of aluminum
  19. Green synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles from Syzygium cumini extract for photo-catalytic removal of lead (Pb) in explosive industrial wastewater
  20. The study on the influence of oxidation degree and temperature on the viscosity of biodiesel
  21. Prepare a catalyst consist of rare earth minerals to denitrate via NH3-SCR
  22. Bacterial nanobiotic potential
  23. Green synthesis and characterization of carboxymethyl guar gum: Application in textile printing technology
  24. Potential of adsorbents from agricultural wastes as alternative fillers in mixed matrix membrane for gas separation: A review
  25. Bactericidal and cytotoxic properties of green synthesized nanosilver using Rosmarinus officinalis leaves
  26. Synthesis of biomass-supported CuNi zero-valent nanoparticles through wetness co-impregnation method for the removal of carcinogenic dyes and nitroarene
  27. Synthesis of 2,2′-dibenzoylaminodiphenyl disulfide based on Aspen Plus simulation and the development of green synthesis processes
  28. Catalytic performance of the biosynthesized AgNps from Bistorta amplexicaule: antifungal, bactericidal, and reduction of carcinogenic 4-nitrophenol
  29. Optical and antimicrobial properties of silver nanoparticles synthesized via green route using honey
  30. Adsorption of l-α-glycerophosphocholine on ion-exchange resin: Equilibrium, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies
  31. Microwave-assisted green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using dried extracts of Chlorella vulgaris and antibacterial activity studies
  32. Preparation of graphene oxide/chitosan complex and its adsorption properties for heavy metal ions
  33. Green synthesis of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles from plant leaf extracts and their applications: A review
  34. Synthesis, characterization, and electrochemical properties of carbon nanotubes used as cathode materials for Al–air batteries from a renewable source of water hyacinth
  35. Optimization of medium–low-grade phosphorus rock carbothermal reduction process by response surface methodology
  36. The study of rod-shaped TiO2 composite material in the protection of stone cultural relics
  37. Eco-friendly synthesis of AuNPs for cutaneous wound-healing applications in nursing care after surgery
  38. Green approach in fabrication of photocatalytic, antimicrobial, and antioxidant zinc oxide nanoparticles – hydrothermal synthesis using clove hydroalcoholic extract and optimization of the process
  39. Green synthesis: Proposed mechanism and factors influencing the synthesis of platinum nanoparticles
  40. Green synthesis of 3-(1-naphthyl), 4-methyl-3-(1-naphthyl) coumarins and 3-phenylcoumarins using dual-frequency ultrasonication
  41. Optimization for removal efficiency of fluoride using La(iii)–Al(iii)-activated carbon modified by chemical route
  42. In vitro biological activity of Hydroclathrus clathratus and its use as an extracellular bioreductant for silver nanoparticle formation
  43. Evaluation of saponin-rich/poor leaf extract-mediated silver nanoparticles and their antifungal capacity
  44. Propylene carbonate synthesis from propylene oxide and CO2 over Ga-Silicate-1 catalyst
  45. Environmentally benevolent synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using Olea ferruginea Royle for antibacterial and antioxidant activities
  46. Eco-synthesis and characterization of titanium nanoparticles: Testing its cytotoxicity and antibacterial effects
  47. A novel biofabrication of gold nanoparticles using Erythrina senegalensis leaf extract and their ameliorative effect on mycoplasmal pneumonia for treating lung infection in nursing care
  48. Phytosynthesis of selenium nanoparticles using the costus extract for bactericidal application against foodborne pathogens
  49. Temperature effects on electrospun chitosan nanofibers
  50. An electrochemical method to investigate the effects of compound composition on gold dissolution in thiosulfate solution
  51. Trillium govanianum Wall. Ex. Royle rhizomes extract-medicated silver nanoparticles and their antimicrobial activity
  52. In vitro bactericidal, antidiabetic, cytotoxic, anticoagulant, and hemolytic effect of green-synthesized silver nanoparticles using Allium sativum clove extract incubated at various temperatures
  53. The green synthesis of N-hydroxyethyl-substituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines with acidic ionic liquid as catalyst
  54. Effect of KMnO4 on catalytic combustion performance of semi-coke
  55. Removal of Congo red and malachite green from aqueous solution using heterogeneous Ag/ZnCo-ZIF catalyst in the presence of hydrogen peroxide
  56. Nucleotide-based green synthesis of lanthanide coordination polymers for tunable white-light emission
  57. Determination of life cycle GHG emission factor for paper products of Vietnam
  58. Parabolic trough solar collectors: A general overview of technology, industrial applications, energy market, modeling, and standards
  59. Structural characteristics of plant cell wall elucidated by solution-state 2D NMR spectroscopy with an optimized procedure
  60. Sustainable utilization of a converter slagging agent prepared by converter precipitator dust and oxide scale
  61. Efficacy of chitosan silver nanoparticles from shrimp-shell wastes against major mosquito vectors of public health importance
  62. Effectiveness of six different methods in green synthesis of selenium nanoparticles using propolis extract: Screening and characterization
  63. Characterizations and analysis of the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and dye reduction ability of green synthesized silver nanoparticles
  64. Foliar applications of bio-fabricated selenium nanoparticles to improve the growth of wheat plants under drought stress
  65. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Valeriana jatamansi shoots extract and its antimicrobial activity
  66. Characterization and biological activities of synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles using the extract of Acantholimon serotinum
  67. Effect of calcination temperature on rare earth tailing catalysts for catalytic methane combustion
  68. Enhanced diuretic action of furosemide by complexation with β-cyclodextrin in the presence of sodium lauryl sulfate
  69. Development of chitosan/agar-silver nanoparticles-coated paper for antibacterial application
  70. Preparation, characterization, and catalytic performance of Pd–Ni/AC bimetallic nano-catalysts
  71. Acid red G dye removal from aqueous solutions by porous ceramsite produced from solid wastes: Batch and fixed-bed studies
  72. Review Articles
  73. Recent advances in the catalytic applications of GO/rGO for green organic synthesis
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