Home Physical Sciences Optical and antimicrobial properties of silver nanoparticles synthesized via green route using honey
Article Open Access

Optical and antimicrobial properties of silver nanoparticles synthesized via green route using honey

  • Anuja S. Kumar , Gayathri Madhu , Elza John , Shinoj Vengalathunadakal Kuttinarayanan and Saritha K. Nair EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: June 2, 2020
Download Article (PDF)
Become an author with De Gruyter Brill
Submit Manuscript Author Information
Green Processing and Synthesis
From the journal Green Processing and Synthesis Volume 9 Issue 1

Abstract

Among the various green synthesis methods for nanoparticle synthesis, the honey-mediated green synthesis of nanoparticles is a fast, safe, biocompatible, and cost-effective method. In the present work, we demonstrate the sunlight-induced honey-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles and report the effect of light intensity, its color, and exposure time on the formation of nanoparticles. The visual inspection followed by UV-Vis spectral studies was performed to confirm the formation of silver nanoparticles. The HRTEM measurement confirms the formation of polydispersed silver particles. We further report the excellent antimicrobial activity of the synthesized nanoparticles against various strains of bacteria, which is found to be comparable to that of the antibiotic drug of choice. Our study points to further research on the possibility of considering these green synthesized silver nanoparticles as an alternative to antibiotics.

Keywords: green synthesis; silver nanoparticles; antimicrobial activity; optical properties

1 Introduction

There have been rapid advances in nanotechnology in recent years. The increasing environmental issues related to the nanoparticle synthesis have attracted the researchers toward the green synthesis of nanoparticles as a step toward a sustainable and eco-friendly environment. In the green synthesis of nanoparticles, green chemistry is integrated with nanotechnology to create an environment-friendly, cost-effective, and safe synthesis of nanomaterials using biological resources [1,2]. The different approaches of green synthesis make use of resources such as microbial systems, plant systems, and biological materials. The demand for green synthesis keeps on increasing since the production of nanoparticles is cost-effective and eco-friendly [3,4]. The synthesis of metallic nanoparticles by green route is gaining attention due to the growing microbial resistance of disease-causing microorganisms against antibiotics and metal ions. Researchers have reported green synthesis of metal nanoparticles such as silver, gold, platinum, and palladium [5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17]. More focus has been on silver owing to its unique properties [18].

The green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using honey has been reported [14,19,20,21,22,23,24] where honey act as both a reducing and a stabilizing agent [14,19,22]. The sunlight-induced, honey-mediated synthesis is an easy and fast method for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles [21,25]. Although the anticorrosion properties of such nanoparticles have been reported [21], the antimicrobial properties of nanoparticle synthesized by our method has not been reported to our knowledge. In our previous work [25], we made an attempt to determine the nanoparticle size by employing the Mie theory. In this work, we report on the optical properties and the antimicrobial activity of the silver nanoparticles synthesized using natural honey. The only chemical used in the synthesis is the source of Ag+ ions; silver nitrate is used in this study. The influence of exposure time, light intensity, and color of incident light on the formation of nanoparticles is specifically mentioned. The antimicrobial activity is compared with that of an antibiotic drug of choice.

2 Materials and methods

In this sunlight-induced honey-mediated synthesis, natural honey is the only material used other than the source of Ag+ ions. The Ag+ ions for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles are obtained from 0.1 M silver nitrate (AgNO3).

In this work, 3 mL of honey was dissolved in 97 mL of distilled water to prepare 3% honey solution. Ten milliliters of this diluted honey was added to 10 mL solution of AgNO3. The mixture was continuously stirred using a magnetic stirrer until a completely miscible solution was obtained. The mixture was then exposed to bright sunlight. The sunlight-exposed sample was then subjected to optical characterization. Solutions prepared with commercially available honey were also studied.

Data were also collected to study the response of the solution to light intensity by preparing the sample in triplicate and keeping the reaction mixture under dark (no light), dispersed sunlight and direct sunlight conditions for 10 min. The aforementioned samples were then subjected to optical characterization.

To study the dependence of incident light color on the synthesis of silver nanoparticles, same samples were taken in beakers wrapped with blue, green, yellow, and red cellophane papers, with 10-min exposure to direct sunlight. These samples were then subjected to optical characterization studies.

2.1 Characterization

The first characterization of silver nanoparticles was by visual observation for color change of solution mixture. The color change to nearly a yellowish-brown indicates the formation of silver nanoparticles [26]. The UV-visible spectra were recorded on a PerkinElmer lambda 650 UV-Vis spectrometer at room temperature operated at a resolution of 1 nm with range between 200 and 900 nm using plastic cuvette. The HRTEM measurements were taken on Jeol/JEM 2100 high-resolution electron microscope. The antibacterial activity of the nanoparticles was determined by the agar well diffusion method.

3 Results and discussion

3.1 Visual inspection

The synthesis of silver nanoparticles was first characterized by visual inspection of color change of solution mixture. The sample solution was then subjected to the UV-Vis spectroscopic measurement to confirm the result [27].

On exposure to sunlight, the solution turned to yellowish-brown, indicating the reduction of AgNO3 into silver nanoparticles. The color increased in intensity with the increasing time. Figure 1 shows the color change in the solution mixture on exposing to sunlight for different time durations. We can observe a gradual increase in the intensity of color with the increasing exposure time. This is indicative of an increase in the concentration of nanoparticles formed as is also evidenced in the increase in surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak intensity of the corresponding UV-Vis spectra.

Figure 1 Color change of the solution mixture with an increase in exposure time.
Figure 1

Color change of the solution mixture with an increase in exposure time.

To confirm the role of sunlight in inducing the formation of silver nanoparticles, the sample was prepared in triplicate and was subjected to different lighting conditions. Figure 2 shows the solution mixtures under different lighting conditions for a duration of 10 min. Observing the color of the solutions, it can be said that the color change, indicating the formation of silver nanoparticles, has occurred only in the sample exposed to sunlight. This confirms the role of sunlight in inducing the formation of silver nanoparticles.

Figure 2 Solution mixture under different light conditions.
Figure 2

Solution mixture under different light conditions.

The dependence of silver nanoparticle formation on the wavelength of incident light was studied by covering the sample containers in colored cellophane papers and then subjecting to the direct sunlight. Visual inspection of the color change, indicating the formation of silver nanoparticles, was performed. Figure 3 shows the sample solutions after this experiment. It can be seen that blue and yellow show intense color compared with the green and red. This indicates that blue and yellow lights are more effective in the production of nanoparticles by our method.

Figure 3 Color change of the solution mixture with the change in the wavelength of the incident light.
Figure 3

Color change of the solution mixture with the change in the wavelength of the incident light.

3.2 UV-Vis spectra

To confirm the conclusions from visual inspection, UV-visible spectra were taken, which is widely used for metal nanoparticles characterization [28]. Metallic nanoparticles show characteristic optical absorption spectra in the UV-visible region called SPR. The UV-visible absorption of silver nanoparticles exhibits maximum in the range of 400–500 nm [21].

The formation of silver nanoparticles in solutions of natural honey and AgNO3 was confirmed by the UV-Vis spectroscopy analysis. The absorptions are attributed to the SPR of the nanoparticles resulting from the reduction of the Ag+ ions in the aqueous solution of natural honey. The broadening of the peak can be attributed to the formation of polydispersed silver nanoparticles in the solution mixture [29], which is confirmed by the HRTEM measurement. We determined a size of approximately 1 nm for the synthesized nanoparticles using the Mie scattering theory [25], which agrees with the size distribution obtained from HRTEM images shown in Figure 8.

The samples in Figure 1 show an increase in the intensity of color with the increasing exposure time. The UV-Vis spectra of these samples are compared in Figure 4. We can see the SPR peak in the samples, and also the intensity of the peak increases with an increase in exposure time. It has been reported that the intensity of the SPR peak is related to the concentration of nanoparticles [30,31]. This corroborates the conclusion from visual inspection of samples in Figure 1.

Figure 4 UV-Vis spectra of the solution mixture for different exposure times.
Figure 4

UV-Vis spectra of the solution mixture for different exposure times.

The samples prepared in triplicate were subjected to different lighting conditions to confirm the role of sunlight in inducing the formation of silver nanoparticles. Figure 5 shows the UV-Vis spectra of the samples in Figure 2, and it can be clearly seen that the SPR peak is present only in the sample exposed to the direct sunlight, which again corroborates the conclusion from the visual inspection of the samples in Figure 2. The optical band gap is obtained from the UV-Vis spectrum, see Figure 6. The higher band gap size of 3.8 eV indicates the smaller particle size corroborating our calculated particle size of approximately 1 nm using the modified Mie theory [32] as reported in our previous work [25]. From the broad peak in the UV-Vis spectra, it was assumed that the particles are polydispersed, which was further confirmed by the TEM analysis. Hence, the calculated value is a rough estimation of the size of the nanoparticle. Still it approaches the mean particle size as seen in the histogram of particle size distribution obtained from the TEM image.

Figure 5 UV-Vis spectra of the solution mixture under different light conditions.
Figure 5

UV-Vis spectra of the solution mixture under different light conditions.

Figure 6 The bandgap estimation for the spectrum of the sample exposed to direct sunlight, and see the UV-Vis spectrum in Figure 5.
Figure 6

The bandgap estimation for the spectrum of the sample exposed to direct sunlight, and see the UV-Vis spectrum in Figure 5.

The visual study of samples shown in Figure 3 had indicated that blue and yellow lights are more effective in the production of nanoparticles. The higher SPR peak intensities shown in Figure 7 for samples covered with blue and yellow cellophane papers confirmed the result obtained by visual inspection as the intensity of the SPR peak is related to the concentration of nanoparticles.

Figure 7 UV-Vis spectra of the sample exposed to different wavelengths.
Figure 7

UV-Vis spectra of the sample exposed to different wavelengths.

Figure 8a shows the TEM image of the sample. It can be seen that the nanoparticles are polydispersed. Figure 8b shows the histogram of the particle sizes obtained from Figure 8a. It can be seen that the mean particle size matches the rough approximation from the modified Mie theory. Lattice planes of the silver nanocrystallites corresponding to Ag(111) are clearly visible in the detailed high-resolution TEM image shown in Figure 8c. The selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern in Figure 8d also indicates that the nanoparticles are crystalline and polydispersed.

Figure 8 (a) TEM image, (b) histogram of particle sizes obtained from the TEM image, (c) HRTEM image, and (d) SAED pattern.
Figure 8

(a) TEM image, (b) histogram of particle sizes obtained from the TEM image, (c) HRTEM image, and (d) SAED pattern.

We have also observed that the intensity of the SPR peak depends on the type of cuvette used and also on the source of the natural honey. We could observe higher intensity with the use of quartz cuvette than with the plastic cuvette for the same sample as shown in Figure 9. A variation in SPR peak intensity was observed also for a sample prepared with differently sourced natural honey, which is not detailed as it is out of the scope of our study.

Figure 9 UV-Vis spectra of the same sample using cuvettes made of quartz and plastic.
Figure 9

UV-Vis spectra of the same sample using cuvettes made of quartz and plastic.

4 Antimicrobial activity

Antimicrobial activity of the nanoparticles was determined by the agar well diffusion method. The antimicrobial activity is estimated from the zone of inhibition [33,34]. The zones of inhibition of the antibiotic disc amikacin, silver nanoparticle solution, and the control honey solution are shown in Figure 10. The diameter of the zone of inhibition around amikacin and silver nanoparticle solution against the test strains is shown in Table 1. The green synthesized silver nanoparticles showed excellent antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, and Staphylococcus aureus, and Figure 10 shows the zone of inhibition comparable to that of the antibiotic drug of choice. The zone of inhibition in each case was more than that of the control honey solution. The maximum zone of inhibition of 18 mm was found against Klebsiella.

Figure 10 Zone of inhibition against E. coli, Klebsiella, and S. aureus.
Figure 10

Zone of inhibition against E. coli, Klebsiella, and S. aureus.

Table 1

The antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) synthesized using natural honey.

OrganismZone diameter (mm)
Ag NPsAntibiotic (amikacin)
E. coli16.520
Klebsiella1820
S. aureus1724

5 Conclusions

We have demonstrated that the use of natural honey can produce silver nanoparticles when exposed to sunlight, thus avoiding the use of toxic chemicals. Sunlight is used to accelerate the synthesis of silver nanoparticles in the solution containing 0.1 M AgNO3 and honey. The color change of the solution indicates the formation of silver nanoparticles, and it is further confirmed by the surface plasmon resonance peak obtained in the UV-Vis spectra. We have confirmed the role of sunlight in inducing the formation of nanoparticles. The formation of nanoparticles is dependent on the exposure time to sunlight and the color of the incident light. The higher band gap energy indicates the formation of nanoparticles of smaller size. The silver nanoparticles synthesized showed the inhibition zone against E. coli, Klebsiella and S. aureus comparable to that against antibiotic drug of choice, thus showing the excellent antimicrobial activity of the synthesized nanoparticles. Our study points to further research on the possibility of considering these green synthesized silver nanoparticles as alternative to antibiotics.

Acknowledgment

The authors would like to acknowledge Instrumentation Centre, Mar Athanasius College (Autonomous), Kothamangalam, for extending their facilities. Shinoj V. K. would like to acknowledge the financial support obtained from the DST-SERB Early Career Research award (Ref. No. ECR/2016/001708).

References

[1] Khalafi T, Buazar F, Ghanemi K. Phycosynthesis and enhanced photocatalytic activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles toward organosulfur pollutants. Sci Rep-UK. 2019;9(1):6866.10.1038/s41598-019-43368-3Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[2] Ahmadi O, Jafarizadeh-Malmiri H, Jodeiri N. Eco-friendly microwave-enhanced green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Aloe vera leaf extract and their physico-chemical and antibacterial studies. Green Process Synth. 2018;7(3):231–40.10.1515/gps-2017-0039Search in Google Scholar

[3] Buazar F. Impact of biocompatible nanosilica on green stabilization of subgrade soil. Sci Rep-UK. 2019;9(1):1–9.10.1038/s41598-019-51663-2Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[4] Buazar F, Baghlani-Nejazd MH, Badri M, Kashisaz M, Khaledi-Nasab A, Kroushawi F. Facile one-pot phytosynthesis of magnetic nanoparticles using potato extract and their catalytic activity. Starch-Starke. 2016;68(7–8):796–804.10.1002/star.201500347Search in Google Scholar

[5] Balasooriya ER, Jayasinghe CD, Jayawardena UA, Ruwanthika RWD, Mendis de Silva R, Udagama PV. Honey mediated green synthesis of nanoparticles: new era of safe nanotechnology. J Nanomater. 2017;2017:5919836.10.1155/2017/5919836Search in Google Scholar

[6] Dubey SP, Lahtinen M, Sillanpää M. Tansy fruit mediated greener synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles. Process Biochem. 2010;45(7):1065–71.10.1016/j.procbio.2010.03.024Search in Google Scholar

[7] Nadagouda MN, Varma RS. Green synthesis of silver and palladium nanoparticles at room temperature using coffee and tea extract. Green Chem. 2008;10(8):859–62.10.1039/b804703kSearch in Google Scholar

[8] Thakkar KN, Mhatre SS, Parikh RY. Biological synthesis of metallic nanoparticles. Nanomedicine. 2010;6(2):257–62.10.1016/j.nano.2009.07.002Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[9] Yang X, Li Q, Wang H, Huang J, Lin L, Wang W, et al. Green synthesis of palladium nanoparticles using broth of Cinnamomum camphora leaf. J Nanopart Res. 2010;12(5):1589–98.10.1007/s11051-009-9675-1Search in Google Scholar

[10] Siddiqi KS, Husen A. Green synthesis, characterization and uses of palladium/platinum nanoparticles. Nanoscale Res Lett. 2016;11(1):482.10.1186/s11671-016-1695-zSearch in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[11] Thirumurugan A, Aswitha P, Kiruthika C, Nagarajan S, Christy AN. Green synthesis of platinum nanoparticles using azadirachta indica–an eco-friendly approach. Mater Lett. 2016;170:175–8.10.1016/j.matlet.2016.02.026Search in Google Scholar

[12] Ahmed S, Ahmad M, Swami BL, Ikram S. A review on plants extract mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles for antimicrobial applications: a green expertise. J Adv Res. 2016;7(1):17–28.10.1016/j.jare.2015.02.007Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[13] Sharma VK, Yngard RA, Lin Y. Silver nanoparticles: green synthesis and their antimicrobial activities. Adv Colloid Interfac. 2009;145(1-2):83–96.10.1016/j.cis.2008.09.002Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[14] Bar H, Bhui DK, Sahoo GP, Sarkar P, Pyne S, Misra A. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using seed extract of Jatropha curcas. Colloid Surf A. 2009;348(1-3):212–6.10.1016/j.colsurfa.2009.07.021Search in Google Scholar

[15] Philip D. Honey mediated green synthesis of gold nanoparticles. Spectrochim Acta A. 2009;73(4):650–3.10.1016/j.saa.2009.03.007Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[16] Philip D. Green synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles using Hibiscus rosa sinensis. Phys E. 2010;42(5):1417–24.10.1016/j.physe.2009.11.081Search in Google Scholar

[17] Iravani S. Green synthesis of metal nanoparticles using plants. Green Chem. 2011;13(10):2638–50.10.1039/c1gc15386bSearch in Google Scholar

[18] Chouhan N. Silver nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization and applications. Silver Nanoparticles: Fabrication, Characterization and Applications. London, UK: IntechOpen; 2018.10.5772/intechopen.75611Search in Google Scholar

[19] Philip D. Honey mediated green synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Spectrochim Acta A. 2010;75(3):1078–81.10.1016/j.saa.2009.12.058Search in Google Scholar PubMed

[20] Haiza H, Azizan A, Mohidin AH, Halin DSC. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using local honey. Nano Hybrids, Trans Tech Publ. 2013;4:87–98.10.4028/www.scientific.net/NH.4.87Search in Google Scholar

[21] Obot IB, Umoren SA, Johnson AS. Sunlight-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles using honey and its promising anticorrosion potentials for mild steel in acidic environments. J Mater Env Sci. 2013;4(6):1013–8.Search in Google Scholar

[22] Sreelakshmi CH, Datta KKR, Yadav JS, Reddy BV. Honey derivatized Au and Ag nanoparticles and evaluation of its antimicrobial activity. J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2011;11(8):6995–7000.10.1166/jnn.2011.4240Search in Google Scholar

[23] González-Miret ML, Terrab A, Hernanz D, Fernández-Recamales MÁ, Heredia FJ. Multivariate correlation between color and mineral composition of honeys and by their botanical origin. J Agr Food Chem. 2005;53(7):2574–80.10.1021/jf048207pSearch in Google Scholar

[24] El-Desouky TA, Ammar HA. Honey mediated silver nanoparticles and their inhibitory effect on aflatoxins and ochratoxin A. J Appl Pharm Sci. 2016;6(06):083–90.10.7324/JAPS.2016.60615Search in Google Scholar

[25] Madhu G, Kumar AS, Nair SK. Sunlight-induced honey-mediated green synthesis of silver nanoparticles. AIP Conference Proceedings 2162, United States: AIP Publishing; 2019. p. 020101.10.1063/1.5130311Search in Google Scholar

[26] Srikar SK, Giri DD, Pal DB, Mishra PK, Upadhyay SN. Light induced green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous extract of prunus amygdalus. Green Sustaine Chem. 2016;6(1):26.10.4236/gsc.2016.61003Search in Google Scholar

[27] Buazar F, Bavi M, Feisal Kroushawi M, Halvani A, Khaledi-Nasab, Hossieni SA. Potato extract as reducing agent and stabiliser in a facile green one-step synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles. J Exp Nanosci. 2016;11(3):175–84.10.1080/17458080.2015.1039610Search in Google Scholar

[28] Buazar F, Sweidi S, Badri M, Kroushawi F. Biofabrication of highly pure copper oxide nanoparticles using wheat seed extract and their catalytic activity: a mechanistic approach. Green Process Synth. 2019;8(1):691–702.10.1515/gps-2019-0040Search in Google Scholar

[29] Ponarulselvam S, Panneerselvam C, Murugan K, Aarthi N, Kalimuthu K, Thangamani S. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles using leaves of Catharanthus roseus Linn. G. Don and their antiplasmodial activities. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2012;2(7):574–80.10.1016/S2221-1691(12)60100-2Search in Google Scholar

[30] Zuber A, Purdey M, Schartner E, Forbes C, van der Hoek B, Giles D, et al. Detection of gold nanoparticles with different sizes using absorption and fluorescence based method. Sens Actuat B-Chem. 2016;227:117–127.10.1016/j.snb.2015.12.044Search in Google Scholar

[31] Koopi H, Buazar F. A novel one-pot biosynthesis of pure alpha aluminum oxide nanoparticles using the macroalgae Sargassum ilicifolium: A green marine approach. Ceram Int. 2018;44(8):8940–5.10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.02.091Search in Google Scholar

[32] Baia L, Simon S. UV-Vis and TEM assessment of morphological features of silver nanoparticles from phosphate glass matrices. In: Méndez-Vilas A, Díaz J, editors. Modern Research and Educational Topics Microscopy. Spain: Formatex; 2007.Search in Google Scholar

[33] Dahiya P, Purkayastha S. Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of some medicinal plants against multi-drug resistant bacteria from clinical isolates. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2012;74(5):443.10.4103/0250-474X.108420Search in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central

[34] NCCLS. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disc Susceptibility Tests. Approved Standard NCCLS Publication M2-A5, Villanova, PA, USA; 1993.Search in Google Scholar

Received: 2019-12-16
Revised: 2020-04-02
Accepted: 2020-04-19
Published Online: 2020-06-02

© 2020 Anuja S. Kumar et al., published by De Gruyter

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Obituary for Prof. Dr. Jun-ichi Yoshida
  2. Regular Articles
  3. Optimization of microwave-assisted manganese leaching from electrolyte manganese residue
  4. Crustacean shell bio-refining to chitin by natural deep eutectic solvents
  5. The kinetics of the extraction of caffeine from guarana seed under the action of ultrasonic field with simultaneous cooling
  6. Biocomposite scaffold preparation from hydroxyapatite extracted from waste bovine bone
  7. A simple room temperature-static bioreactor for effective synthesis of hexyl acetate
  8. Biofabrication of zinc oxide nanoparticles, characterization and cytotoxicity against pediatric leukemia cell lines
  9. Efficient synthesis of palladium nanoparticles using guar gum as stabilizer and their applications as catalyst in reduction reactions and degradation of azo dyes
  10. Isolation of biosurfactant producing bacteria from Potwar oil fields: Effect of non-fossil fuel based carbon sources
  11. Green synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic applications of silver nanoparticles using Diospyros lotus
  12. Dielectric properties and microwave heating behavior of neutral leaching residues from zinc metallurgy in the microwave field
  13. Green synthesis and stabilization of silver nanoparticles using Lysimachia foenum-graecum Hance extract and their antibacterial activity
  14. Microwave-induced heating behavior of Y-TZP ceramics under multiphysics system
  15. Synthesis and catalytic properties of nickel salts of Keggin-type heteropolyacids embedded metal-organic framework hybrid nanocatalyst
  16. Preparation and properties of hydrogel based on sawdust cellulose for environmentally friendly slow release fertilizers
  17. Structural characterization, antioxidant and cytotoxic effects of iron nanoparticles synthesized using Asphodelus aestivus Brot. aqueous extract
  18. Phase transformation involved in the reduction process of magnesium oxide in calcined dolomite by ferrosilicon with additive of aluminum
  19. Green synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles from Syzygium cumini extract for photo-catalytic removal of lead (Pb) in explosive industrial wastewater
  20. The study on the influence of oxidation degree and temperature on the viscosity of biodiesel
  21. Prepare a catalyst consist of rare earth minerals to denitrate via NH3-SCR
  22. Bacterial nanobiotic potential
  23. Green synthesis and characterization of carboxymethyl guar gum: Application in textile printing technology
  24. Potential of adsorbents from agricultural wastes as alternative fillers in mixed matrix membrane for gas separation: A review
  25. Bactericidal and cytotoxic properties of green synthesized nanosilver using Rosmarinus officinalis leaves
  26. Synthesis of biomass-supported CuNi zero-valent nanoparticles through wetness co-impregnation method for the removal of carcinogenic dyes and nitroarene
  27. Synthesis of 2,2′-dibenzoylaminodiphenyl disulfide based on Aspen Plus simulation and the development of green synthesis processes
  28. Catalytic performance of the biosynthesized AgNps from Bistorta amplexicaule: antifungal, bactericidal, and reduction of carcinogenic 4-nitrophenol
  29. Optical and antimicrobial properties of silver nanoparticles synthesized via green route using honey
  30. Adsorption of l-α-glycerophosphocholine on ion-exchange resin: Equilibrium, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies
  31. Microwave-assisted green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using dried extracts of Chlorella vulgaris and antibacterial activity studies
  32. Preparation of graphene oxide/chitosan complex and its adsorption properties for heavy metal ions
  33. Green synthesis of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles from plant leaf extracts and their applications: A review
  34. Synthesis, characterization, and electrochemical properties of carbon nanotubes used as cathode materials for Al–air batteries from a renewable source of water hyacinth
  35. Optimization of medium–low-grade phosphorus rock carbothermal reduction process by response surface methodology
  36. The study of rod-shaped TiO2 composite material in the protection of stone cultural relics
  37. Eco-friendly synthesis of AuNPs for cutaneous wound-healing applications in nursing care after surgery
  38. Green approach in fabrication of photocatalytic, antimicrobial, and antioxidant zinc oxide nanoparticles – hydrothermal synthesis using clove hydroalcoholic extract and optimization of the process
  39. Green synthesis: Proposed mechanism and factors influencing the synthesis of platinum nanoparticles
  40. Green synthesis of 3-(1-naphthyl), 4-methyl-3-(1-naphthyl) coumarins and 3-phenylcoumarins using dual-frequency ultrasonication
  41. Optimization for removal efficiency of fluoride using La(iii)–Al(iii)-activated carbon modified by chemical route
  42. In vitro biological activity of Hydroclathrus clathratus and its use as an extracellular bioreductant for silver nanoparticle formation
  43. Evaluation of saponin-rich/poor leaf extract-mediated silver nanoparticles and their antifungal capacity
  44. Propylene carbonate synthesis from propylene oxide and CO2 over Ga-Silicate-1 catalyst
  45. Environmentally benevolent synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using Olea ferruginea Royle for antibacterial and antioxidant activities
  46. Eco-synthesis and characterization of titanium nanoparticles: Testing its cytotoxicity and antibacterial effects
  47. A novel biofabrication of gold nanoparticles using Erythrina senegalensis leaf extract and their ameliorative effect on mycoplasmal pneumonia for treating lung infection in nursing care
  48. Phytosynthesis of selenium nanoparticles using the costus extract for bactericidal application against foodborne pathogens
  49. Temperature effects on electrospun chitosan nanofibers
  50. An electrochemical method to investigate the effects of compound composition on gold dissolution in thiosulfate solution
  51. Trillium govanianum Wall. Ex. Royle rhizomes extract-medicated silver nanoparticles and their antimicrobial activity
  52. In vitro bactericidal, antidiabetic, cytotoxic, anticoagulant, and hemolytic effect of green-synthesized silver nanoparticles using Allium sativum clove extract incubated at various temperatures
  53. The green synthesis of N-hydroxyethyl-substituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines with acidic ionic liquid as catalyst
  54. Effect of KMnO4 on catalytic combustion performance of semi-coke
  55. Removal of Congo red and malachite green from aqueous solution using heterogeneous Ag/ZnCo-ZIF catalyst in the presence of hydrogen peroxide
  56. Nucleotide-based green synthesis of lanthanide coordination polymers for tunable white-light emission
  57. Determination of life cycle GHG emission factor for paper products of Vietnam
  58. Parabolic trough solar collectors: A general overview of technology, industrial applications, energy market, modeling, and standards
  59. Structural characteristics of plant cell wall elucidated by solution-state 2D NMR spectroscopy with an optimized procedure
  60. Sustainable utilization of a converter slagging agent prepared by converter precipitator dust and oxide scale
  61. Efficacy of chitosan silver nanoparticles from shrimp-shell wastes against major mosquito vectors of public health importance
  62. Effectiveness of six different methods in green synthesis of selenium nanoparticles using propolis extract: Screening and characterization
  63. Characterizations and analysis of the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and dye reduction ability of green synthesized silver nanoparticles
  64. Foliar applications of bio-fabricated selenium nanoparticles to improve the growth of wheat plants under drought stress
  65. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Valeriana jatamansi shoots extract and its antimicrobial activity
  66. Characterization and biological activities of synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles using the extract of Acantholimon serotinum
  67. Effect of calcination temperature on rare earth tailing catalysts for catalytic methane combustion
  68. Enhanced diuretic action of furosemide by complexation with β-cyclodextrin in the presence of sodium lauryl sulfate
  69. Development of chitosan/agar-silver nanoparticles-coated paper for antibacterial application
  70. Preparation, characterization, and catalytic performance of Pd–Ni/AC bimetallic nano-catalysts
  71. Acid red G dye removal from aqueous solutions by porous ceramsite produced from solid wastes: Batch and fixed-bed studies
  72. Review Articles
  73. Recent advances in the catalytic applications of GO/rGO for green organic synthesis
https://doi.org/10.1515/gps-2020-0029
Keywords for this article
green synthesis; silver nanoparticles; antimicrobial activity; optical properties
Creative Commons
BY 4.0

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Obituary for Prof. Dr. Jun-ichi Yoshida
  2. Regular Articles
  3. Optimization of microwave-assisted manganese leaching from electrolyte manganese residue
  4. Crustacean shell bio-refining to chitin by natural deep eutectic solvents
  5. The kinetics of the extraction of caffeine from guarana seed under the action of ultrasonic field with simultaneous cooling
  6. Biocomposite scaffold preparation from hydroxyapatite extracted from waste bovine bone
  7. A simple room temperature-static bioreactor for effective synthesis of hexyl acetate
  8. Biofabrication of zinc oxide nanoparticles, characterization and cytotoxicity against pediatric leukemia cell lines
  9. Efficient synthesis of palladium nanoparticles using guar gum as stabilizer and their applications as catalyst in reduction reactions and degradation of azo dyes
  10. Isolation of biosurfactant producing bacteria from Potwar oil fields: Effect of non-fossil fuel based carbon sources
  11. Green synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic applications of silver nanoparticles using Diospyros lotus
  12. Dielectric properties and microwave heating behavior of neutral leaching residues from zinc metallurgy in the microwave field
  13. Green synthesis and stabilization of silver nanoparticles using Lysimachia foenum-graecum Hance extract and their antibacterial activity
  14. Microwave-induced heating behavior of Y-TZP ceramics under multiphysics system
  15. Synthesis and catalytic properties of nickel salts of Keggin-type heteropolyacids embedded metal-organic framework hybrid nanocatalyst
  16. Preparation and properties of hydrogel based on sawdust cellulose for environmentally friendly slow release fertilizers
  17. Structural characterization, antioxidant and cytotoxic effects of iron nanoparticles synthesized using Asphodelus aestivus Brot. aqueous extract
  18. Phase transformation involved in the reduction process of magnesium oxide in calcined dolomite by ferrosilicon with additive of aluminum
  19. Green synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles from Syzygium cumini extract for photo-catalytic removal of lead (Pb) in explosive industrial wastewater
  20. The study on the influence of oxidation degree and temperature on the viscosity of biodiesel
  21. Prepare a catalyst consist of rare earth minerals to denitrate via NH3-SCR
  22. Bacterial nanobiotic potential
  23. Green synthesis and characterization of carboxymethyl guar gum: Application in textile printing technology
  24. Potential of adsorbents from agricultural wastes as alternative fillers in mixed matrix membrane for gas separation: A review
  25. Bactericidal and cytotoxic properties of green synthesized nanosilver using Rosmarinus officinalis leaves
  26. Synthesis of biomass-supported CuNi zero-valent nanoparticles through wetness co-impregnation method for the removal of carcinogenic dyes and nitroarene
  27. Synthesis of 2,2′-dibenzoylaminodiphenyl disulfide based on Aspen Plus simulation and the development of green synthesis processes
  28. Catalytic performance of the biosynthesized AgNps from Bistorta amplexicaule: antifungal, bactericidal, and reduction of carcinogenic 4-nitrophenol
  29. Optical and antimicrobial properties of silver nanoparticles synthesized via green route using honey
  30. Adsorption of l-α-glycerophosphocholine on ion-exchange resin: Equilibrium, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies
  31. Microwave-assisted green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using dried extracts of Chlorella vulgaris and antibacterial activity studies
  32. Preparation of graphene oxide/chitosan complex and its adsorption properties for heavy metal ions
  33. Green synthesis of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles from plant leaf extracts and their applications: A review
  34. Synthesis, characterization, and electrochemical properties of carbon nanotubes used as cathode materials for Al–air batteries from a renewable source of water hyacinth
  35. Optimization of medium–low-grade phosphorus rock carbothermal reduction process by response surface methodology
  36. The study of rod-shaped TiO2 composite material in the protection of stone cultural relics
  37. Eco-friendly synthesis of AuNPs for cutaneous wound-healing applications in nursing care after surgery
  38. Green approach in fabrication of photocatalytic, antimicrobial, and antioxidant zinc oxide nanoparticles – hydrothermal synthesis using clove hydroalcoholic extract and optimization of the process
  39. Green synthesis: Proposed mechanism and factors influencing the synthesis of platinum nanoparticles
  40. Green synthesis of 3-(1-naphthyl), 4-methyl-3-(1-naphthyl) coumarins and 3-phenylcoumarins using dual-frequency ultrasonication
  41. Optimization for removal efficiency of fluoride using La(iii)–Al(iii)-activated carbon modified by chemical route
  42. In vitro biological activity of Hydroclathrus clathratus and its use as an extracellular bioreductant for silver nanoparticle formation
  43. Evaluation of saponin-rich/poor leaf extract-mediated silver nanoparticles and their antifungal capacity
  44. Propylene carbonate synthesis from propylene oxide and CO2 over Ga-Silicate-1 catalyst
  45. Environmentally benevolent synthesis and characterization of silver nanoparticles using Olea ferruginea Royle for antibacterial and antioxidant activities
  46. Eco-synthesis and characterization of titanium nanoparticles: Testing its cytotoxicity and antibacterial effects
  47. A novel biofabrication of gold nanoparticles using Erythrina senegalensis leaf extract and their ameliorative effect on mycoplasmal pneumonia for treating lung infection in nursing care
  48. Phytosynthesis of selenium nanoparticles using the costus extract for bactericidal application against foodborne pathogens
  49. Temperature effects on electrospun chitosan nanofibers
  50. An electrochemical method to investigate the effects of compound composition on gold dissolution in thiosulfate solution
  51. Trillium govanianum Wall. Ex. Royle rhizomes extract-medicated silver nanoparticles and their antimicrobial activity
  52. In vitro bactericidal, antidiabetic, cytotoxic, anticoagulant, and hemolytic effect of green-synthesized silver nanoparticles using Allium sativum clove extract incubated at various temperatures
  53. The green synthesis of N-hydroxyethyl-substituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines with acidic ionic liquid as catalyst
  54. Effect of KMnO4 on catalytic combustion performance of semi-coke
  55. Removal of Congo red and malachite green from aqueous solution using heterogeneous Ag/ZnCo-ZIF catalyst in the presence of hydrogen peroxide
  56. Nucleotide-based green synthesis of lanthanide coordination polymers for tunable white-light emission
  57. Determination of life cycle GHG emission factor for paper products of Vietnam
  58. Parabolic trough solar collectors: A general overview of technology, industrial applications, energy market, modeling, and standards
  59. Structural characteristics of plant cell wall elucidated by solution-state 2D NMR spectroscopy with an optimized procedure
  60. Sustainable utilization of a converter slagging agent prepared by converter precipitator dust and oxide scale
  61. Efficacy of chitosan silver nanoparticles from shrimp-shell wastes against major mosquito vectors of public health importance
  62. Effectiveness of six different methods in green synthesis of selenium nanoparticles using propolis extract: Screening and characterization
  63. Characterizations and analysis of the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and dye reduction ability of green synthesized silver nanoparticles
  64. Foliar applications of bio-fabricated selenium nanoparticles to improve the growth of wheat plants under drought stress
  65. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Valeriana jatamansi shoots extract and its antimicrobial activity
  66. Characterization and biological activities of synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles using the extract of Acantholimon serotinum
  67. Effect of calcination temperature on rare earth tailing catalysts for catalytic methane combustion
  68. Enhanced diuretic action of furosemide by complexation with β-cyclodextrin in the presence of sodium lauryl sulfate
  69. Development of chitosan/agar-silver nanoparticles-coated paper for antibacterial application
  70. Preparation, characterization, and catalytic performance of Pd–Ni/AC bimetallic nano-catalysts
  71. Acid red G dye removal from aqueous solutions by porous ceramsite produced from solid wastes: Batch and fixed-bed studies
  72. Review Articles
  73. Recent advances in the catalytic applications of GO/rGO for green organic synthesis
Sign up now to receive a 20% welcome discount
Institutional Access
How does access work?
Have an idea on how to improve our website?
Please write us.
© 2026 De Gruyter Brill
Downloaded on 29.1.2026 from https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/gps-2020-0029/html
Scroll to top button