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Das Trivulzio-Elfenbein und die Anfänge des ‚Magdalenenmotivs‘ in der Kunst

  • Tobias Frese
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Schaffen und Nachahmen
This chapter is in the book Schaffen und Nachahmen

Abstract

In late medieval literature and art, the image of Saint Mary Magdalene is highly ambivalent: She appears as saint and sinner, seductress and repentant. As is well known, this is the result of an early conflation of different biblical women. Mary Magdalene, the follower of Christ and witness of his crucifixion and resurrection, was conflated with Mary of Bethany and the unnamed “sinful woman” who anointed Jesus’ feet. Pope Gregory the Great popularized this conflation, the ‘Magdalenenmotiv’, in the 6th century, but in the visual arts the motiv was only introduced centuries later. It is surprising that Mary Magdalene’s image does not figure prominently in early medieval art, until at least the 9th/10th century. That said, the Trivulzio-Ivory, a late antique plaque in the collection of the Milanese Castello Sforzesco, is of great importance to the study of Magdalene- Iconography. The piece, dated to the 5th century, was originally part of a diptych, probably made in a Roman workshop. It depicts the Holy Sepulchre with the two Marys in front and a seated figure on a rock. This seated figure is ambiguous and can be understood both as an angel and the resurrected Christ. In the same way, the depiction of the two Marys - one standing, one kneeling - is ambiguous too. This is probably the very first example of the conflation of Mary Magdalene with Mary of Bethany in Christian art and also of the Noli me tangere (as a small depiction in the background). The Milanese ivory plaque shows not only a highly innovative Iconography but also - according to patristic concepts - an example of a successful religious conversion.

Abstract

In late medieval literature and art, the image of Saint Mary Magdalene is highly ambivalent: She appears as saint and sinner, seductress and repentant. As is well known, this is the result of an early conflation of different biblical women. Mary Magdalene, the follower of Christ and witness of his crucifixion and resurrection, was conflated with Mary of Bethany and the unnamed “sinful woman” who anointed Jesus’ feet. Pope Gregory the Great popularized this conflation, the ‘Magdalenenmotiv’, in the 6th century, but in the visual arts the motiv was only introduced centuries later. It is surprising that Mary Magdalene’s image does not figure prominently in early medieval art, until at least the 9th/10th century. That said, the Trivulzio-Ivory, a late antique plaque in the collection of the Milanese Castello Sforzesco, is of great importance to the study of Magdalene- Iconography. The piece, dated to the 5th century, was originally part of a diptych, probably made in a Roman workshop. It depicts the Holy Sepulchre with the two Marys in front and a seated figure on a rock. This seated figure is ambiguous and can be understood both as an angel and the resurrected Christ. In the same way, the depiction of the two Marys - one standing, one kneeling - is ambiguous too. This is probably the very first example of the conflation of Mary Magdalene with Mary of Bethany in Christian art and also of the Noli me tangere (as a small depiction in the background). The Milanese ivory plaque shows not only a highly innovative Iconography but also - according to patristic concepts - an example of a successful religious conversion.

Chapters in this book

  1. Frontmatter I
  2. Vorwort V
  3. Inhalt VII
  4. Einleitung 1
  5. Teil 1: Verfahrensweisen
  6. Kompilation und Kreativität 9
  7. Unverständnis und Kreativität im Kopierprozess 27
  8. Entkontextualisierung – Neukontextualisierung am Beispiel einer spätmittelalterlichen Sammelhandschrift 49
  9. Erotische Narrative 69
  10. AMAD: Neue Kontexte für den mediävistischen Diskurs 95
  11. Teil 2: Imaginäre Welten
  12. Die Erschaffung literarischer Welten im späten Mittelalter 107
  13. Zwischen Tradition und Fortschritt 125
  14. Hugo Primas’ Troja 141
  15. ‚Original‘ und ‚Kopie‘ des ‚Rappoltsteiner Parzifal‘ 157
  16. Symmetrie und Symbolik 171
  17. Höfische Epik neu erzählt 191
  18. Ars latet arte sua 211
  19. Boese bilde gebent den jungen ir alten 227
  20. Teil 3: Die Welt der Höfe
  21. Narrative Schemata in polnischer mittelalterlicher Historiographie zu deutsch-polnischen Kontakten 249
  22. Prag und Burghausen um 1500 263
  23. Alte Motive in neuen Kontexten 283
  24. Teil 4: Religiöse Welten
  25. Manichäismus an der Seidenstraße 303
  26. Petrarcas ‚Carmen de beata Maria Magdalena‘ im Kontext 323
  27. Das Trivulzio-Elfenbein und die Anfänge des ‚Magdalenenmotivs‘ in der Kunst 339
  28. Tradition und Innovation im theologischen Diskurs der Byzantiner im späten neunten Jahrhundert 357
  29. Imitatio imitationis 373
  30. ‚De imitatione Christi‘ 391
  31. Intercessio, nicht nur imitatio 407
  32. Frau Avas ‚Jüngstes Gericht‘ im Spannungsfeld zwischen Kreativität und Epigonalität 423
  33. Kreative Scholastik? 433
  34. Mittelalterliche Alltagspsychologie 451
  35. Sinnbildende Umstrukturierung? 469
  36. Die Arche Noah als Pyramide 485
  37. Mimesis und Aktualität 509
  38. Tradition und Wandel in der Überlieferung des Gregorianischen Chorals 527
  39. Klösterliche Schriftkultur im Überlieferungskontext 531
  40. Einige Gründe für Variantenbildung im Gregorianischen Choral anhand von Beispielen aus dem Fragmentenbestand des Hauptstaatsarchivs Stuttgart 545
  41. Digitale Methoden zur Erforschung der Überlieferungsgeschichte des Gregorianischen Chorals 551
  42. Computergestützte Tools zur Codierung des Gregorianischen Chorals 555
  43. Teil 5: Globale Begegnungen
  44. Von der Reise zur Karte und zurück 563
  45. Geographische Kataloge als narrative Strukturen historischen Erzählens im Spätmittelalter 597
  46. Die Stimme aus dem Grab 609
  47. Lagerfeuergeschichten 627
  48. Namensregister 649
  49. Ortsregister 657
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