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Manichäismus an der Seidenstraße

Oder: Kreative Prozesse der mittelalterlichen Neukonfigurierungen einer spätantiken Religion
  • Christoph Markschies
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Schaffen und Nachahmen
This chapter is in the book Schaffen und Nachahmen

Abstract

According to statements of its founder, the Persian intellectual Mani, Manichaeism was developed during the 3rd century A. D. as an attempt to form a synthesis between Judaism, Christianity, Zoroastrism, and Buddhism. It was an openly missionary religion, that very adroitly made use of different media apart from written texts and managed to attract a huge amount of people (among them occasionally Augustine of Hippo who later became bishop of the Christian majority). Obviously, the leaders of the mission have adapted the religious - especially mythological - materials and rituals of this global ancient religion to local (religious) rituals, resulting in significant differences between the North-African, the Egyptian and the Iranian Manichaeism. The most exciting transformation proves to be the adaptation formed in the Early Medieval in the Oasis of Turfan where Manichaeism temporarily even became state religion of an Uighur kingdom. The inculturation in Buddhism particularly characterizes the written and archeological traditions found during the Turfan expeditions from Berlin at the beginning of the 20th century. The transformation of the late antique religion originating from Persia to be found along the Silk Route is a tremendously creative process which is outlined in the article and analyzed with regard to the focus of the volume.

Abstract

According to statements of its founder, the Persian intellectual Mani, Manichaeism was developed during the 3rd century A. D. as an attempt to form a synthesis between Judaism, Christianity, Zoroastrism, and Buddhism. It was an openly missionary religion, that very adroitly made use of different media apart from written texts and managed to attract a huge amount of people (among them occasionally Augustine of Hippo who later became bishop of the Christian majority). Obviously, the leaders of the mission have adapted the religious - especially mythological - materials and rituals of this global ancient religion to local (religious) rituals, resulting in significant differences between the North-African, the Egyptian and the Iranian Manichaeism. The most exciting transformation proves to be the adaptation formed in the Early Medieval in the Oasis of Turfan where Manichaeism temporarily even became state religion of an Uighur kingdom. The inculturation in Buddhism particularly characterizes the written and archeological traditions found during the Turfan expeditions from Berlin at the beginning of the 20th century. The transformation of the late antique religion originating from Persia to be found along the Silk Route is a tremendously creative process which is outlined in the article and analyzed with regard to the focus of the volume.

Chapters in this book

  1. Frontmatter I
  2. Vorwort V
  3. Inhalt VII
  4. Einleitung 1
  5. Teil 1: Verfahrensweisen
  6. Kompilation und Kreativität 9
  7. Unverständnis und Kreativität im Kopierprozess 27
  8. Entkontextualisierung – Neukontextualisierung am Beispiel einer spätmittelalterlichen Sammelhandschrift 49
  9. Erotische Narrative 69
  10. AMAD: Neue Kontexte für den mediävistischen Diskurs 95
  11. Teil 2: Imaginäre Welten
  12. Die Erschaffung literarischer Welten im späten Mittelalter 107
  13. Zwischen Tradition und Fortschritt 125
  14. Hugo Primas’ Troja 141
  15. ‚Original‘ und ‚Kopie‘ des ‚Rappoltsteiner Parzifal‘ 157
  16. Symmetrie und Symbolik 171
  17. Höfische Epik neu erzählt 191
  18. Ars latet arte sua 211
  19. Boese bilde gebent den jungen ir alten 227
  20. Teil 3: Die Welt der Höfe
  21. Narrative Schemata in polnischer mittelalterlicher Historiographie zu deutsch-polnischen Kontakten 249
  22. Prag und Burghausen um 1500 263
  23. Alte Motive in neuen Kontexten 283
  24. Teil 4: Religiöse Welten
  25. Manichäismus an der Seidenstraße 303
  26. Petrarcas ‚Carmen de beata Maria Magdalena‘ im Kontext 323
  27. Das Trivulzio-Elfenbein und die Anfänge des ‚Magdalenenmotivs‘ in der Kunst 339
  28. Tradition und Innovation im theologischen Diskurs der Byzantiner im späten neunten Jahrhundert 357
  29. Imitatio imitationis 373
  30. ‚De imitatione Christi‘ 391
  31. Intercessio, nicht nur imitatio 407
  32. Frau Avas ‚Jüngstes Gericht‘ im Spannungsfeld zwischen Kreativität und Epigonalität 423
  33. Kreative Scholastik? 433
  34. Mittelalterliche Alltagspsychologie 451
  35. Sinnbildende Umstrukturierung? 469
  36. Die Arche Noah als Pyramide 485
  37. Mimesis und Aktualität 509
  38. Tradition und Wandel in der Überlieferung des Gregorianischen Chorals 527
  39. Klösterliche Schriftkultur im Überlieferungskontext 531
  40. Einige Gründe für Variantenbildung im Gregorianischen Choral anhand von Beispielen aus dem Fragmentenbestand des Hauptstaatsarchivs Stuttgart 545
  41. Digitale Methoden zur Erforschung der Überlieferungsgeschichte des Gregorianischen Chorals 551
  42. Computergestützte Tools zur Codierung des Gregorianischen Chorals 555
  43. Teil 5: Globale Begegnungen
  44. Von der Reise zur Karte und zurück 563
  45. Geographische Kataloge als narrative Strukturen historischen Erzählens im Spätmittelalter 597
  46. Die Stimme aus dem Grab 609
  47. Lagerfeuergeschichten 627
  48. Namensregister 649
  49. Ortsregister 657
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