Metastable alloys at moderate cooling rates
-
Hans H. Stadelmaier
Abstract
Using examples, old and recent, from the metallurgical literature, we examine the sources of metastable behavior in binary and ternary alloy systems that are subjected to cooling rates in the order of K/min to K/s. Because the metastability invariably involves enhanced unstable or suppressed stable crystalline phases, the key to this behavior must be sought in the crystallization kinetics.
Abstract
Mit Hilfe von älteren und jüngeren Beispielen aus der metallkundlichen Fachliteratur werden die Ursachen des metastabilen Verhaltens binärer und ternärer Legierungen bei Abkühlungsgeschwindigkeiten in der Größenordnung 1 K/min bis 1 K/s untersucht. Der Schlüssel zu diesem Verhalten, bei dem instabile kristalline Phasen stabilisiert bzw. stabile Phasen unterdrückt werden können, muss in der Kinetik der Kristallisationsvorgänge gesucht werden.
Dedicated to Professor Dr. Helmut Kronmüller on the occasion of his 70th birthday
References
10Kon Konstantinow, N.: Z. anorg. Chemie 66 (1910) 209.10.1002/zaac.19100660117Suche in Google Scholar
15Gie Giebelhausen, H.: Z. anorg. Chem. 91 (1915) 257.10.1002/zaac.19150910115Suche in Google Scholar
27Hau Haughton, J.L.: J. Iron Steel Inst.115 (1927) 417.Suche in Google Scholar
29Vog Vogel, R.: Arch. Eisenhüttenw. 3 (1929/30) 369.10.1002/srin.192901301Suche in Google Scholar
35Dro Drozzina, V.; Janus, R.: Nature 135 (1935) 36.10.1038/135036d0Suche in Google Scholar
36Han1 Hanemann, H.; Schrader, A.: Atlas Metallographicus, Vol. II, Borntraeger, Berlin (1936).Suche in Google Scholar
36Han2 Hansen, M.: Der Aufbau der Zweistofflegierungen, Springer, Berlin (1936).10.1007/978-3-642-47516-0Suche in Google Scholar
38Kös Köster, W.; Mulfinger, W.: Z. Metallkd. 30 (1938) 348.10.1515/ijmr-1938-300917Suche in Google Scholar
51Jac Jack, K.H.: Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) A 208 (1951) 216.10.1098/rspa.1951.0155Suche in Google Scholar
51Ric Ricci, J.E.: The Phase Rule and Heterogeneous Equilibrium, D. Van Nostrand, New York (1951).Suche in Google Scholar
53Dar Darken, L.S.; Gurry, R.W.: Physical Chemistry of Metals, McGraw-Hill, New York (1953).Suche in Google Scholar
58Han Hansen, M; Anderko, K.: Constitution of Binary Alloys, McGraw-Hill, New York (1958).10.1149/1.2428700Suche in Google Scholar
58Nak Nakagawa, Y.: Acta Metall 6 (1958) 704.10.1016/0001-6160(58)90061-0Suche in Google Scholar
59Vog Vogel, R.: Die heterogenen Gleichgewichte, Akad. Verlagsges., Leipzig (1959).Suche in Google Scholar
64Sta Stadelmaier, H.H.; Lee, F.M.: Metall 18 (1964) 111.10.1111/j.1467-9574.1964.tb00501.xSuche in Google Scholar
65Sch Schöbel, J.-D.; Stadelmaier, H.H.: Z. Metallkd. 56 (1965) 856. 10.1515/ijmr-1965-561209Suche in Google Scholar
66Sch Schöbel, J.-D.; Stadelmaier, H.H.: Z. Metallkd. 57 (1966) 323.10.1515/ijmr-1966-570413Suche in Google Scholar
67Gol Goldschmidt, H.J.: Interstitial Alloys, Plenum Press, New York (1967).10.1007/978-1-4899-5880-8Suche in Google Scholar
69Sta1 Stadelmaier, H.H., in: B.C. Giessen (ed.), Developments in the Structural Chemistry of Alloy Phases, Plenum Press, New York (1969) 141.10.1007/978-1-4899-5564-7_6Suche in Google Scholar
69Sta2 Stadelmaier, H.H.; Pollock, C.B. : Z. Metallkd. 60 (1969) 960.10.1515/ijmr-1969-601214Suche in Google Scholar
72Dav Davis, R.F., Pask, J.A.: J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 55 (1972) 525.10.1111/j.1151-2916.1972.tb13421.xSuche in Google Scholar
78Her Herold, U.; Köster, U.: Z. Metallkd. 69 (1978) 326.10.1515/ijmr-1978-690509Suche in Google Scholar
82Kha Khan, Y.; Kneller, E.; Sostarich, M.: Z. Metallkd. 73 (1982) 624.10.1515/ijmr-1982-731005Suche in Google Scholar
83Per Perepezko, J.H.; Boettinger, W.J., in: Bennett, L.H.; Massalski, T.B.; Giessen, B.C. (eds.), Alloy Phase Diagrams, MRS Proc. Vol. 19, North-Holland, New York–Amsterdam (1983) 223.10.1557/PROC-19-223Suche in Google Scholar
85Mat Matsuura, Y.; Hirosawa, S.; Yamamoto, H.; Fujimura, S.; Sagawa, M.; Osamura, K.: Japan J. Appl. Phys. 24 (1985) L635.10.1143/JJAP.24.L635Suche in Google Scholar
85Sta Stadelmaier, H.H.; Suchjakul, C.: Z. Metallkd. 76 (1985) 157.10.1515/ijmr-1985-760301Suche in Google Scholar
86Sch Schneider, G.; Henig, E.-Th.; Petzow, G.; Stadelmaier, H.H.: Z. Metallkd. 77 (1986) 755.10.1515/ijmr-1986-771109Suche in Google Scholar
87Gri Grieb, B.; Henig, E.-Th.; Schneider, G.; Petzow, G.: Proc. 9th Int. Symp. on Magnetic Anisotropy and Coercivity in Rare-Earth Transition Metal Alloys, Bad Soden, FRG (1987) 395.Suche in Google Scholar
87Hen Henig, E.-Th.; Schneider, G.; Stadelmaier, H.H.: Z. Metallkd. 78 (1987) 818.10.1515/ijmr-1987-781111Suche in Google Scholar
89Gri Grieb, B.; Schneider, G.; Henig, E.-Th.; Petzow, G.: Z. Metallkd. 80 (1989) 515.10.1515/ijmr-1989-800205Suche in Google Scholar
89Sch1 Schneider, G.; Landgraf, F.J.G.; Villas-Boas, V.; Bezerra, G.H.; Missell, F.P.; Ray, A.E.: Mater. Lett. 8 (1989) 472.10.1016/0167-577X(89)90034-7Suche in Google Scholar
89Sch2 Schneider, G.; Landgraf, F.J.G.; Missell, F.P.: J . Less-Common Metals 153 (1989) 169.10.1016/0022-5088(89)90543-2Suche in Google Scholar
90Mas Massalski, T.B. (Editor-in-Chief): Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams, 2nd Edition, ASM International, Materials Park, OH (1990).Suche in Google Scholar
93Hen Hennemann, K.; Lukas, H.L.; Schaller, H.-J.: Z. Metallkd. 84 (1993) 668.10.1515/ijmr-1993-841003Suche in Google Scholar
96Mül Müller, C.; Stadelmaier, H.H.; Reinsch, B.; Petzow, G.: Z. Metallkd. 87 (1996) 594.10.1515/ijmr-1996-870713Suche in Google Scholar
97Bat Battezzati, L; Antonione, C.; Barrico, M.: J. Alloys and Compounds 247 (1997) 164.10.1016/S0925-8388(96)02570-4Suche in Google Scholar
98Sta Stadelmaier, H.H.; Reinsch, B.; Petzow, G.: Z. Metallkd. 89 (1998) 114.Suche in Google Scholar
99Oik Oikawa, K.; Sumi, S.; Ishida, K.: Z. Metallkd. 90 (1999) 13.10.1515/ijmr-1999-900104Suche in Google Scholar
00Li Li, D.; Robinson, M.B.; Rathz, T.J.: J. Phase Equilibria 21 (2000) 136.10.1361/105497100770340183Suche in Google Scholar
01Gri Grieb, B.; Henig, E.-Th.; Reinsch, B.; Petzow, G.; Buschow, K.J. H.; de Mooij, D.B.; Stadelmaier, H.H.: Z. Metallkd. 92 (2001) 172.Suche in Google Scholar
01Göd1 Gödecke, T.; Sun, W.; Lück, R.; Lu, K.: Z. Metallkd. 92 (2001) 723.10.1515/ijmr-2001-0137Suche in Google Scholar
01Göd2 Gödecke, T.; Sun, W.; Lück, R.; Lu, K.: Z. Metallkd. 92 (2001) 717.10.1515/ijmr-2001-0136Suche in Google Scholar
© 2002 Carl Hanser Verlag, München
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Editorial
- Editorial
- Articles/Aufsätze
- Interplay between chemical and magnetic roughness of Pt in a Pt/Co bilayer investigated with X-ray resonant magnetic reflectometry
- Thermal stability and magnetic anisotropy dispersion in high-density hard-disk media
- Thickness dependence of magnetization structures in thin Permalloy rectangles
- Solving the selectivity problem in magnetic random access memories using configurations that form C-states
- Second-order magnetoelastic effects: From the Dirac equation to the magnetic properties of ultrathin epitaxial films for magnetic thin-film applications
- Magnetic relaxation in nanocrystalline systems: linking Monte Carlo steps with time
- Effect of domain size on the magneto-elastic damping in amorphous ferromagnetic metals
- The character and role of grain boundaries in NdFeB-type alloys and magnets
- Magnetic domain structure and spin reorientation process
- Magnetic properties of Tb(Fe, Mo)12 and Tb(Fe, Mo)12C compounds
- Microstructure, magnetic properties and magnetic hardening in 2 : 17 Sm–Co magnets
- Micromagnetism and microstructure – tailoring of high-performance permanent magnets
- Metastable alloys at moderate cooling rates
- Thermal critical phenomena and crossover between critical regimes in ferromagnets with long-range interactions
- Vacancies in thermal equilibrium and ferromagnetism near the Curie temperature
- The vortex lattice in superconductors
- Functional substrates – a novel approach to tailor transport properties and flux-line pinning in YBa2Cu3O7 – x thin films
- Superconducting permanent magnets and their application in magnetic levitation
- Magneto-optical studies of flux pinning in high-temperature superconductors
- Atomic transport in amorphous metals
- A novel technique for measuring diffusivities of short-lived radioisotopes in solids
- Hydrogen four-level tunnel systems in substitutional body-centred cubic alloys
- Magnetic relaxation phenomena in cobalt
- The Verwey transition in magnetite as studied by means of definite impurity doping
- Notifications/Mitteilungen
- Personal/Personelles
- Bücher/Books
- Conferences/Konferenzen
- DGM Training/DGM Fortbildung
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Editorial
- Editorial
- Articles/Aufsätze
- Interplay between chemical and magnetic roughness of Pt in a Pt/Co bilayer investigated with X-ray resonant magnetic reflectometry
- Thermal stability and magnetic anisotropy dispersion in high-density hard-disk media
- Thickness dependence of magnetization structures in thin Permalloy rectangles
- Solving the selectivity problem in magnetic random access memories using configurations that form C-states
- Second-order magnetoelastic effects: From the Dirac equation to the magnetic properties of ultrathin epitaxial films for magnetic thin-film applications
- Magnetic relaxation in nanocrystalline systems: linking Monte Carlo steps with time
- Effect of domain size on the magneto-elastic damping in amorphous ferromagnetic metals
- The character and role of grain boundaries in NdFeB-type alloys and magnets
- Magnetic domain structure and spin reorientation process
- Magnetic properties of Tb(Fe, Mo)12 and Tb(Fe, Mo)12C compounds
- Microstructure, magnetic properties and magnetic hardening in 2 : 17 Sm–Co magnets
- Micromagnetism and microstructure – tailoring of high-performance permanent magnets
- Metastable alloys at moderate cooling rates
- Thermal critical phenomena and crossover between critical regimes in ferromagnets with long-range interactions
- Vacancies in thermal equilibrium and ferromagnetism near the Curie temperature
- The vortex lattice in superconductors
- Functional substrates – a novel approach to tailor transport properties and flux-line pinning in YBa2Cu3O7 – x thin films
- Superconducting permanent magnets and their application in magnetic levitation
- Magneto-optical studies of flux pinning in high-temperature superconductors
- Atomic transport in amorphous metals
- A novel technique for measuring diffusivities of short-lived radioisotopes in solids
- Hydrogen four-level tunnel systems in substitutional body-centred cubic alloys
- Magnetic relaxation phenomena in cobalt
- The Verwey transition in magnetite as studied by means of definite impurity doping
- Notifications/Mitteilungen
- Personal/Personelles
- Bücher/Books
- Conferences/Konferenzen
- DGM Training/DGM Fortbildung