De Gruyter STEM
The second volume focuses on different experimental facilities interested in structure analysis with pico- and femtosecond X-ray pulses. Besides theoretical foundations of X-ray interaction with matter the authors cover ab-initio based methods for describing structures and their evolution on these time scales, augmented by prototypical research results.
The discussion of examples and various scenarios for set-ups is especially helpful for users.
Kirchhoff graphs are a new type of graph, one whose edges are vectors. They depict the dependencies in sets of vectors, and in this regard, they are akin to matroids. Indeed every binary matroid is Kirchhoff graphic. If the vectors in the set represent the stoichiometry of a reaction network (chemical, electrochemical or otherwise), a Kirchhoff graph is a circuit diagram for that reaction network. This book discusses the basic definitions for Kirchhoff graphs, their connections to matroids and finite fields, their connections to reaction networks and use as circuit diagrams, Kirchhoff graph uniformity, prime, composite and fundamental Kirchhoff graphs, and the structure of families of Kirchhoff graphs. They been studied by the author and his collaborators since 2005, and this book presents what we have learned in the past twenty years.
Biogenic toxins are fascinating natural products characterized by an enormous diversity of chemical structures and pharmacological activities. They not only pose hazards to humans and animals, but they are important components in the interplay of substances and living beings in nature and, moreover, important sources for new drugs.
Numerous images of plants and chemical structural formulas complete the book, as well as extensive references for further reading.
The multivolume reference is an essential resource for physicians, veterinarians, pharmacists, chemists, biochemists, food chemists and biologists, for students in the relevant fields, and maybe for interested laymen.
All aspects of natural toxins based on the latest scientific knowledge are included:
- All aspects of the toxicology of all living organisms and natural foods, chemistry, action mechanisms, symptoms of intoxications.
- The only book arranged on a strictly scientific base according to the biogenetic origin and chemical structure.
Natural Poisons and Venoms in 5 Volumes:
Volume 1: Plant Toxins: Terpenes and Steroids 2023, ISBN 978-3-11-072472-1
Volume 2: Plant Toxins: Polyketides, Phenylpropanoids and Further Compounds 2024, ISBN 978-3-11-072851-4
Volume 3: Plant Toxins: Alkaloids and Lectins 2025, ISBN 978-3-11-112740-8
Volume 4: Animal Toxins 2023, ISBN 978-3-11-072854-5
Self-healing synthetic materials have the ability to repair damage on their own, restoring functionality and significantly extending the lifespan, energy efficiency, safety, and environmental impact of synthetic materials. These materials can mimic self-repair mechanisms in biological materials and regain their original functionalities, ensuring prolonged durability. Methods for repairing mechanically damaged polymeric materials include using photo-activated healing agents, reversible covalent bonds, cycloaddition reactions, metal-ligand complexes, and dynamic non-covalent bonding. The initial chapter of the book lays the introduction by offering a fundamental overview of self-healing materials. It encompasses a spectrum of smart materials, from self-healing polymers to self-healing ceramics. The next section introduces the mechanisms that endow these materials with their remarkable properties. It explores various self-healing strategies, underlying chemistries, and stimulus responsiveness crucial for achieving these self-repairing abilities. The book then focuses on the processing aspect of these materials, detailing diverse fabrication methods used for developing these intelligent polymers, both in laboratory settings and at an industrial scale. The next section centers on self-healing elastomers, encompassing thermoplastic elastomers and thermoplastic vulcanizates. It not only provides an overview but delves into the synthesis, structure-property relationships, and applications of these elastomers molded as self-healing materials. The book concludes with potential applications of these smart materials. It is structured around specific properties such as mechanical or rheological characteristics, showcasing how these traits inspire the practical application of self-healing elastomers.
This book introduces the principles of microalgal biotechnology with a view to its industrial applications. Microalgae are capable of converting carbon dioxide and sunlight into valuable products, giving them great potential for "green" technologies. The authors discuss both the biochemical foundations and the unique process engineering challenges of microalgal processes.
Aerospace Technology is a very challenging topic. The book covers the transition from aluminum to composite materials for aerospace structures and includes advanced analyses used in industries. It is for engineers and students of aerospace, materials and mechanical engineering. New in the 3rd Edition is material on buckling and vibration of arches, trusses and frames, application of Rayleigh approach, Southwell’s plot, new advanced excitation devices and nonlinear behavior of plates under lateral pressure including thin long isotropic rectangular plates.
The field of metaheuristic optimization has experienced a surge in novel algorithmic developments in recent years, yet there is a lack of consolidated resources focusing on these innovations, especially their categorization and applications in solving real-world problems. This work fills the gap by categorizing and detailing the most recently developed metaheuristic optimization algorithms into local, global, and hybrid methods. The authors explore various optimization algorithms like Runge Kutta Optimization, Manta Ray Foraging Optimization, and Hybrid Marine Predators Algorithm, explaining their mechanisms, pseudocode, and advantages. It also provides case studies to demonstrate their practical applications in fields like supply chain management, robotics, energy optimization, and so on. Thus, the work bridges the gap between theory and application, offering insights that will inspire further innovation and practical implementation of modern optimization techniques.
Micro and Nano Emulsion Technologies for Pharmaceutical Products: From Lab to Shelf" is a pioneering work that bridges a long-standing gap in pharmaceutical literature. This comprehensive book covers the entire spectrum of micro and nano emulsions in one volume, from fundamental theory to clinical applications, in twelve insightful chapters. It traces the evolution of these colloidal systems, starting with their role in enhancing poorly soluble drugs and culminating in their groundbreaking use in targeted cancer therapies.The book provides an in-depth exploration of emulsification science, stability factors, and formulation design strategies, empowering readers to create robust pharmaceutical emulsions. It meticulously examines the roles of surfactants, co-surfactants, and oils, alongside advanced characterization techniques. Chapters on therapeutic applications in dermatology, transnasal delivery, cosmeceuticals, and wound healing offer innovative solutions to formulation challenges. A significant focus on oncology highlights how these emulsions are revolutionizing anticancer agent delivery and vaccine development.Uniquely, it presents rigorous clinical studies and patient outcomes, underscoring the real-world impact of micro and nano emulsions. This definitive guide is indispensable for pharmaceutical scientists, formulators, and healthcare professionals, consolidating all essential information on these two transformative systems in one volume.
This book covers the issues related to the advances in productivity and organizational management that result from the continuous and highly complex process of change that today’s organizations are facing. Effective work practices and good employee relations are a real necessity of today’s organizations, as they can help to reduce absenteeism, turnover, and organizational costs, conducting high levels of commitment, effectiveness, performance and productivity. Addressing these questions this book focuses on the implications of those changes in productivity and organizational management. It explores the models, tools and processes used by organizations to help managers become better prepared to face the challenges and changes in work and, consequently, in the way how to manage today’s organizations. As a consequence of social, technological, political and economic changes, the field of work and organization management has become highly complex, claiming management for more effective strategies. Conscious of this reality, this book provides support to academics and researchers, as well as those operating in the management field who need to deal with policies and strategies related to work issues. Giving special attention to interdisciplinary perspectives, to further our knowledge and understanding of productivity and related change processes and work practices, the different chapter contributions of this book contribute to a better merger and interrelationship among organization, management and employee needs in order to increase efficiency, productivity and profitability of modern organizations.
Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) in composite structures is crucial for safety, increased lifespan, and cost efficiency with early damage detection. The book introduces the reader to composite materials, basic concepts, terminology, design concepts for composite materials structures, composite manufacturing, fabrication and processing. It explains the mechanics behavior of composite materials, SHM in composite structures theory and artificial intelligence algorithms in SHM, including machine learning, deep learning, and artificial neural networks. The book describes the capability of Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) techniques for SHM, characteristics of piezoelectric Sensors for SHM and lamb wave technique based SHM and include case studies of SHM of composite structures such as composite pipelines, plates, using NDT different methods integrated with artificial intelligence algorithms.
Biogenic toxins are fascinating natural products characterized by an enormous diversity of chemical structures and pharmacological activities. They not only pose hazards to humans and animals, but they are important components in the interplay of substances and living beings in nature and, moreover, important sources for new drugs.
Numerous images of plants and chemical structural formulas complete the book, as well as extensive references for further reading.
The multivolume reference is an essential resource for physicians, veterinarians, pharmacists, chemists, biochemists, food chemists and biologists, for students in the relevant fields, and maybe for interested laymen.
All aspects of natural toxins based on the latest scientific knowledge are included:
- All aspects of the toxicology of all living organisms and natural foods, chemistry, action mechanisms, symptoms of intoxications.
- The only book arranged on a strictly scientific base according to the biogenetic origin and chemical structure.
Natural Poisons and Venoms in 5 Volumes:
Volume 1: Plant Toxins: Terpenes and Steroids, 2023, ISBN 978-3-11-072472-1
Volume 2: Plant Toxins: Polyketides, Phenylpropanoids and Further Compounds 2024, ISBN 978-3-11-072851-4
Volume 3: Plant Toxins: Alkaloids and Lectins 2025, ISBN 978-3-11-112740-8
Volume 4: Animal Toxins 2023, ISBN 978-3-11-072854-5
Volume 5: Fungal and Microbial Tpxins, 2025, ISBN 978-3-11-072856-9
The book covers recent advances in composites recycling including current industry practice of waste management, composite recycling technologies, economic and environmental impact. It is an indispensable source for professionals in the composites industries, such as aerospace, automotive, wind energy, marine and construction. It is also of interest to any students and researchers working in the field.
This book is an introductory guide for research project management. It summarizes essential methods for good scientific practice and organisation. This text provides advice for literature surveys, developing and implementing a research plan, writing scientific texts, intellectual property and authorship, statistical analysis, and performing experimental as well as theoretical experiments.
This practical and concise introduction to atmospheric pressure plasma focuses on techniques and applications rather than on theory. After introducing the basics of plasma physics, it compares the industrially-available technologies and describes several important applications, ranging from catalysis to surface and waste-water treatment. In the last chapter, the book also deals with social aspects like career opportunities and ethical issues.
How to ensure clean potable water? Hydrochemistry, colloidal chemistry, physics, plus engineering aspects are combined in this book for practical drinking water treatment. Focusing on coagulation-flocculation as a key step in this process, it provides principles, optimisation, and efficiency evaluation, broader theoretical background and practical aspects.
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) represent a groundbreaking advancement in renewable energy, offering a pathway to high-efficiency, sustainable energy solutions. This work provides a comprehensive exploration of perovskite materials, innovative device architectures, and advanced modeling techniques. It delves into the synthesis and characterization of perovskites, interface engineering, stability improvements, and fabrication methods for enhancing performance and addresses the scalability challenges and environmental impacts of PSCs, showcasing their potential to drive sustainability in energy systems. The integration of PSCs into hybrid and tandem solar systems, as well as their applications in large-scale photovoltaics, wearable devices, and consumer electronics, is examined in depth. The work serves as a valuable resource for professionals, graduate students and researchers in materials science, renewable energy, and electrical engineering. It highlights the transformative role of PSCs in reducing carbon emissions and achieving global energy goals, making it indispensable for specialists aiming to pioneer sustainable technologies.
All over the world, and with a great emphasis in the business area, there is a growing recognition that innovation plays a key role. In a world characterized by high levels of competition, uncertain environments, expanding markets, financial constraints, among others, the probability of success is deeply determined by innovation. Only flexible, dynamic, and innovative organizations can survive in a world characterized by continuous challenges and changes. Innovation Management in Research and Industry covers innovation management issues with a special emphasis on the field of research and industry. Gathering contributions that are exceptional in terms of theory, evidence, and/or methodology and that significantly advance social scientific research on innovation management in research and industry, this book is designed to increase the knowledge and effectiveness of all those, practitioners and academics, which are concerned with these issues, both in the profit or non-profit sectors, or in the public or private sectors. In sum, this book can be used for academics, researchers, managers, engineers, under and pos graduate students, and other professionals in related matters with management and innovation.
1) Highlight the importance of organizational flexibility and continuous learning to keep up with technological and market changes.
2) Explore how an organizational environment that fosters creativity and experimentation can drive sustainable innovation.
3) Emphasize the role of new technologies (AI, IoT, Big Data) as catalysts for innovation and competitive differentiation.
Our proposed book emerges in response to the critical need for an interdisciplinary resource that encapsulates the burgeoning role of artificial intelligence (AI) in reshaping drug discovery and telemedicine. As these sectors witness transformative changes driven by AI technologies, there's a pressing demand for a comprehensive guide that navigates through these advancements, offering insights, methodologies, and practical applications to professionals at the forefront of healthcare and pharmaceutical research.
At its core, the book delves into the intricate ways in which AI and machine learning algorithms are being harnessed to streamline the drug development process, from initial discovery through to clinical trials, and how these technologies are concurrently revolutionizing the delivery of healthcare services via telemedicine. Specific focus areas include the application of deep learning in identifying novel drug candidates, AI-driven predictive models for pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, automation in laboratory research, and the integration of AI in diagnostic processes, personalized medicine, and patient monitoring systems. Each chapter not only explores current state-of-the-art methodologies and case studies but also critically examines challenges, such as data privacy, ethical considerations, and the need for robust, interpretable models that can be trusted by healthcare professionals and patients alike.
Furthermore, the book places a strong emphasis on the synergistic potential of combining AI with telemedicine, illustrating how these technologies can expand access to healthcare, improve the accuracy of remote diagnoses, and enable continuous, data-driven patient care. By providing a panoramic view of current trends, technological innovations, and future directions, the book aims to serve as a pivotal reference for scientists, researchers, clinicians, and policymakers involved in drug discovery and healthcare delivery.
In conclusion, this book stands as an essential compendium for specialists seeking to navigate the complexities and harness the opportunities presented by AI in the pharmaceutical and healthcare industries. It offers a critical, in-depth exploration of the transformative impact of AI technologies, underscoring their relevance and potential to dramatically enhance drug discovery and telemedicine practices. This publication not only equips its target audience with the knowledge to lead innovation in their fields but also engages with the broader ethical, social, and practical implications of AI, making it an invaluable resource for advancing towards more effective, efficient, and accessible healthcare solutions.
The book is significant for several reasons:
Interdisciplinary Appeal: It serves as a critical resource for professionals and researchers across the fields of computer science, pharmaceutical sciences, and healthcare, facilitating a deeper understanding of AI's potential and fostering interdisciplinary collaborations.
Innovation in Drug Discovery: By highlighting novel AI methodologies in drug discovery, the book offers insights into how these technologies can shorten the development timelines, reduce costs, and increase the success rates of new therapies, which is crucial for addressing unmet medical needs.
Revolutionizing Telemedicine: The detailed discussion on AI's role in telemedicine illustrates how these advancements can enhance access to healthcare, improve the quality of care, and make healthcare systems more efficient, especially in remote and underserved areas.
Ethical and Regulatory Considerations: It likely addresses the ethical, privacy, and regulatory challenges associated with implementing AI in healthcare, offering guidelines for navigating these complexities while maximizing patient benefits.
Future Directions: By exploring current trends and future possibilities, the book not only serves as a repository of current knowledge but also as a beacon for future research and development efforts in these rapidly evolving fields.
Chemical Engineers are increasingly working on medical problems but so far there is no text that brings together such contributions for inspiring more research and as the basis for advanced courses. This work provides contributions on how Chemical Engineering approaches medical problems, particularly using modelling alongside experimentation and data analysis, to explore medical behaviors. Chapters on modelling the liver, kidney, lungs and skin and associated systems to show how major changes in behavior can be understood and to some extent predicted, are included. This is followed by chapters explaining how engineering principles have been developed to aid diagnosis and treatment of disease such as cancer, diabetes, Von Willibrands disease, and conditions associated with the lungs. The book is of relevance to all Chemical Engineers showing how the discipline is extending to tackle the chemical and physical aspects of disease and human physiology and will also be of interest to clinical staff who wish to see how engineering methodologies can help to integrate the fragmented landscape of medical specialties and in the future move towards decision support tools based on understanding of physiology and disease to aid clinical decision making in the way that is now done in manufacturing.
- Brings together Chemical Engineers with medical experts.
- Inspires young Chemical Engineers to see how and where and how their skill set can be applied to medical problems.
- Within the EFCE Forum on New Technologies Chemical Engineering as Applied in Medicine was seen as an inspiring new area of research.
Medicinal and aromatic plants have been used for medicinal and therapeutic purposes for centuries, and modern medicine recognizes the health benefits of these plants. The book covers the methods to obtain drugs from medicinal and aromatic plants, the challenges encountered in growing them and stress factors effects. It presents edible and toxic medicinal and aromatic plants and gives information on pharmaceutical, cosmetic and aromatherapy uses.
The editors and authors, with backgrounds in academia and industry, tie together recent and established technologies for the upcoming change to sustainable industrial chemistry. The extensive worldwide activities towards that goal are exemplified with a series of green processes. Some of these processes are already commercially applied (squalene to squalane, hydraulic fluids from vegetable oils, biosourced polycarbonates), others are ready for a large scale implementation (glycerol to acrylic acid, biosourced acrylonitrile and levulinic acid, polyamides from fatty nitriles-esters hydrogenation, butadiene from bioethanol) or are being developed (cyclic carbonates from epoxides, selective pyrolysis of biomass). This book is an indispensable source for the researchers and professionals who work for a greener chemical industry. The chapters have been arranged to guide students through the design of new processes for more sustainable chemistry, using case studies as examples.
Biotechnological advances sparked a food revolution with new ideas for a sustainable food future. The book embodies all microbial and food biotechnology related topics, and current, emerging, and future technologies for food fortification, safety and security. It critically assesses the use of emerging trends in biotechnology to develop disease resistant raw foods and products, enhance food and food products nutritional profiles, and reduce negative effects of animal nutrition. It explains the influence of genetic variations in foods, and the varied responses to diet, nutrients, and overall health outcomes. The use of fermentation technologies to create innovative and sustainable food products with novel organoleptic attributes, and the conversion of food waste into useful products are discussed. The book also covers genetic modification methods to reduce or eliminate food allergens, and blockchain technologies that enable transparency and food security along the food supply chains.
- Emerging technologies in food processing, biotechnology and microbiology.
- Functional foods, nutrigenomics, gene editing and personalized nutrition based on individual genomes.
- Food informatics, supply, safety, waste, packaging and bioeconomy.
This publication addresses the growing field of Natural Hydrogen Systems, co-edited by Reza Rezaee and Brian Evans. With a surge in research interest in natural hydrogen and helium, this volume responds to the demand for a comprehensive exploration of hydrogen's natural occurrences, properties, and applications.
Covering an array of crucial facets, the book begins with an overview by the editors, setting the stage for an in-depth journey. Chapters unfold to elucidate hydrogen's physical and chemical properties, formation mechanisms, global occurrences, and detection techniques. Experimental investigations, insights from field studies, and a focus on hydrogen as an energy source further enrich the narrative. Environmental impacts, industrial applications, and technological developments are meticulously examined, providing a holistic understanding. The volume concludes with case studies, offering real-world applications and reinforcing theoretical concepts.
This book stands as a vital resource for specialists seeking to deepen their knowledge of Natural Hydrogen Systems. With contributions from esteemed researchers, it not only captures the field's current state but also charts a course for future exploration. Its relevance to the target audience lies in its ability to serve as a definitive reference, fostering advancements and innovations in this rapidly evolving domain.
Petroleum and pipeline engineers know that repairing and inspecting gas pipelines can be a costly process. To ensure that the system's strength and integrity are maintained, proper training is essential. "Gas Pipeline Integrity Management" is an exceptional guide that offers engineers the latest techniques in the field.
The book is easy to understand, comprehensive, and filled with illustrations, calculations, and data tables. "Gas Pipeline Integrity Management" equips engineers with the knowledge and skills needed to safeguard gas pipeline investments securely and effectively.
It covers risk assessment, management of change, hazard mitigation, integrity assessment, inspection, monitoring and repair, records and data management and communication.
Currently, large amounts of plastic waste are incinerated or landfilled, despite the existence of several recycling routes. In this book, a roadmap is provided to increase the amount of recycled plastic waste. Focus is on poly(methyl methacrylate), PMMA, which is a polymer widely used for its optical properties. The entire recycling chain, from collection of plastic waste, to mechanical/chemical recycling, and purification is covered.
In the future, the growth of the data economy will be based primarily on industrial and professional data, i.e., data from vehicles, factories, or laboratories. However, exploiting this potential requires a transformation of the company's IT architecture.
This book describes the status quo in the industry, design principles of a data-centric architecture, and viable transformation paths.
Biopharmaceuticals, medicines made by or from living organisms (including cells from living organisms), are extremely effective in treating a broad range of diseases. Their importance to human health has grown significantly over the years as more biopharmaceutical products have entered the market, and now the biggest selling drugs in the world are biopharmaceuticals. Biopharmaceutical Manufacturing: Principles, Processes and Practices provides concise, comprehensive, and up-to-date coverage of biopharmaceutical manufacturing. Written in a clear and informal style, the content has been influenced by the authors’ substantial industry experience and teaching expertise. That expertise enables the authors to address the many questions posed over the years both by university students and professionals with experience in the field. Consequently, the book will appeal both to undergraduate or graduate students using it as a textbook and specialized industry practitioners seeking to understand the big picture of biopharmaceutical manufacturing.
The continuous enhancement of platforms and payloads have enabled imaging satellites to obtain greater societal benefits, while to bring challenges to imaging satellite task planning: refinement of comprehensive control, normalization of quick response, and complication of constraints. It is precisely because of the aforementioned changes and requirements, the contradiction between algorithm versatility and efficiency, between solution efficiency and accuracy are becoming increasingly acute. In order to alleviate these two pairs of contradictions, this book conducts research on imaging satellite task planning technology integrating with operations research and reinforcement learning. Preliminary research on the design of imaging satellite task planning system, bi-level optimization model, and learning-based combinatorial optimization algorithms are conducted. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified in real-world task planning scenarios of "SuperView-1" constellation. In other combinatorial optimization problems with complex constraints, the methodology proposed in this book has enormous advantages and potential. We aspire to stimulate the interest of readers in researching related scientific issues through this book.
Since the inception of reverse osmosis and nanofiltration membranes in the seventies, biological fouling, also known as biofouling, still remains as the key challenge to get solved so that membranes can run smoothly and without issues in desalination and water treatment plants. Biofouling occurs when certain bacteria attach to the reverse osmosis membranes, and starts building a biofilm. This is a key problem, as if this quickly growing biofilm is not properly taken care of, it can affect the mechanical integrity of the reverse osmosis membrane elements, and damage them irreversibly. Organic fouling occurs when organic matter deposits into the membrane, thus reducing its permeability. Both phenomena are interconnected. This books provides an understanding on why biological fouling occurs, what variables affect its development, and what can be done to mitigate its impact.
Since the 21st century, national aerospace industry has developed rapidly with an explosive increase in satellites. To coordinate the in-orbit satellites and their management resources for better social, economic, and military applications, the satellite task scheduling is required. As the satellite management and application manners change over the years, cross-agency and cross-model have become the new normal, and the integration and quick-response have become the new requirements. Under such circumstances, the one satellite, one system shortcoming in system development and application occurs, while those systems that differ in agencies, modes, and types cannot accommodate each other; hence, the generality of satellite scheduling models and algorithm must be strengthened. To address the one satellite, one system shortcoming, the cooperative, flexible, efficient applications, and the monopoly of the U.S. STK/Scheduler, a Satellite Task Scheduling Engine that contains general-purpose modeling and optimization methods is studied in this book.
As we navigate an era defined by a pressing need for sustainable resource management, Circular Economy: Navigating the Water-Food Nexus for Sustainable Futures serves as a much-needed guide.
The book dives deep into the intertwined relationship between food and water systems in the context of a circular economy, a model that aims for the elimination of waste and the continual use of resources. It starts by defining the landscape of the water-food nexus and the circular economy, painting a comprehensive picture of these two critical concepts and their symbiotic relationship.
Further, it delves into the pillars of the water-food nexus, offering insights into sustainable agriculture practices, water conservation, and recycling methods within a circular economy framework. The narrative doesn't stop there; it broadens the scope to embrace emerging technologies and innovations, emphasizing their role in shaping the future of the circular water-food economy.
Urban agriculture, a trend gaining momentum in metropolitan landscapes, is discussed as a key player in adopting circular practices. Alongside, it sheds light on investment strategies and partnerships crucial for driving the transition towards a circular economy in the water-food nexus. The book also discusses the policy and regulatory landscape, highlighting the need for sound governance and inclusive policies.
Circular Economy: Navigating the Water-Food Nexus for Sustainable Futures concludes with a selection of best practices and forecasts of future trends, outlining possible paths towards a sustainable, circular water-food future. With its exhaustive exploration of the water-food nexus, the book stands as an essential resource for researchers, policymakers, and sustainability advocates seeking to contribute to this critical transition.
When we study differential equations in Banach spaces whose coefficients are linear unbounded operators, we feel that we are working in ordinary differential equations; however, the fact that the operator coefficients are unbounded makes things quite different from what is known in the classical case. Examples or applications for such equations are naturally found in the theory of partial differential equations. More specifically, if we give importance to the time variable at the expense of the spatial variables, we obtain an “ordinary differential equation” with respect to the variable which was put in evidence. Thus, for example, the heat or the wave equation gives rise to ordinary differential equations of this kind. Adding boundary conditions can often be translated in terms of considering solutions in some convenient functional Banach space. The theory of semigroups of operators provides an elegant approach to study this kind of systems. Therefore, we can frequently guess or even prove theorems on differential equations in Banach spaces looking at a corresponding pattern in finite dimensional ordinary differential equations.
Heterogeneous catalysis is at the core of chemical manufacturing. The book covers the importance of surfaces, interfaces and nanoscale materials in heterogeneous catalysis. It covers the synthesis of inorganic and nanosized inorganic catalysts and includes green synthesis methods. It describes characterization techniques and discusses challenges and opportunities in the scale up of catalysts production.
The Book Smart Materials is a comprehensive resource exploring advanced materials like Electro-Rheological Fluids, Piezoelectric Smart Materials, and Shape Memory Alloys. This book bridges the gap between scientific research, technological applications, and their societal impact, empowering students and professionals with an in-depth understanding of these transformative materials.
Smart materials dynamically respond to stimuli like temperature, stress, and electromagnetic fields, enabling applications in aerospace, robotics, healthcare, and consumer electronics. The book explores their principles, design, synthesis, and real-world applications, from self-healing structures to energy-efficient systems.
Divided into five chapters, this book covers the latest advancements, practical uses, and challenges of smart materials, supplemented with summaries and review questions. Whether the reader is a researcher, engineer, or student, this book offers valuable insights into the future of materials science. Please dive in and discover the limitless potential of smart materials!
This book delves into the different methods for modeling and designing compliant mechanisms and fluid mechanical actuators, and also provides examples of applications selected from various technical areas, such as gripper and transmission technology, medical technology, and precision technology. The second edition also takes into account the topic of synthesizing compliant mechanisms and actuators.
This book arises from the need inside the European process industry to innovate existing manufacturing processes towards sustainability. Next to this sector, startups and scale ups of novel manufacturing routes want to do sustainability first time right.
Methodically, the book describes and analyzes technological, economical, psychological and organizational factors that prevent innovation in companies. Subsequently, a unique innovation method is presented. It is inside-out, meaning innovation promoting and inhibiting factors are identified and companies are coached to innovate their own process. To inspire and motivate, a comprehensive set of state-of-art technologies is interfaced with company manufacturing processes.
The uniqueness of the method lies in the fact, it is structured yet leaves room for creativity. It builds on fundamental driving forces encountered in physics and chemistry. It starts in reality, reaches technological abstractness and then comes back with a realistic innovation. Finally, it is the company itself that innovates.
This book can support companies dealing with innovating their existing manufacturing processes and for start/scale ups that want to be sustainable right from the start.
This book explores the research and advancements in hybrid composite materials and manufacturing techniques. It encompasses a wide array of subjects, such as hybrid materials, advanced manufacturing processes, and nanocomposites. A distinctive feature of this book is its in-depth examination of recent trends in integrated processes, where traditional manufacturing methods are combined with cutting-edge techniques. Our aim is to equip readers with a comprehensive understanding of the current landscape and future potential of hybrid composites, ensuring they remain informed and up-to-date with the latest developments in the field.
Stretchable electronics is a dynamic field of research with the potential to revolutionize human health, robotics, cameras, energy storage, and even building construction. Electronics with rubber-like form factors can integrate with irregularly shaped moving substances in a seamless manner; electronic skins for prosthesis is a good example. The field of stretchable electronics has evolved and matured over the past 20 years, training generations of researchers in the development of novel materials and structures to enable robust integration of miniaturized electronic components. This book presents the work and perspective of this next generation of innovators and disruptors who are driving an exciting phase of diversification and growth in the field.
Currently, nonstandard analysis is barely considered in university teaching. The author argues that nonstandard analysis is valuable not only for teaching, but also for understanding standard analysis and mathematics itself. An axiomatic approach wich pays attention to different language levels (for example, in the distinction between sums of ones and the natural numbers of the theory) leads naturally to a nonstandard theory. For motivation historical ideas of Leibniz can be taken up. The book contains an elaborated concept that follows this approach and is suitable, for example, as a basis for a lecture-supplementary course.
The monograph part presents all major approaches to nonstandard analysis and discusses logical, model-theoretic, and set-theoretic investigations to reveal possible mathematical reasons that may lead to reservations about nonstandard analysis. Also various foundational positions as well as ontological, epistemological, and application-related issues are addressed. It turns out that the one-sided preference for standard analysis is justified neither from a didactic, mathematical nor philosophical point of view.
Thus, the book is especially valuable for students and instructors of analysis who are also interested in the foundations of their subject.
Targeted for chemists, the current textbook outlines the principles, experimental methods and data analysis in X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS). The authors introduce EXAFS, Near-Edge XAS, X-Ray Imaging and many other advanced experimental techniques. A special section of the book is devoted to applications of XAS in chemistry, materials and environmental sciences.
This book focuses on recent advances in maker education and in human-robot interaction and on the integration of intelligent educational robots (IER) in P-12 education. It covers various topics and trends about the evolution of maker education and the use of IER and artificial intelligence (AI) in P-12 education. This book offers an overview of recent research into the adoption, integration, advancements, and impact of IER and AI in education. It helps researchers, practitioners, professionals, and academicians of various scientific disciplines explore and better comprehend the state of the art of maker education, AI, and IER, their advancements, impact, and future potentials in education.
In the face of global challenges such as climate change, population growth, and food security, understanding and optimizing crop nutrition has never been more critical. Crop Nutrition addresses these urgent issues by providing an in-depth exploration of how effective nutrient management can enhance soil health, boost food production, and contribute to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The book delves into key aspects of crop nutrition, covering the essentials of nutrient management, the role of primary, secondary, and micronutrients, and innovative practices for sustainable agriculture. Each chapter provides comprehensive insights into various nutrients, their functions, and their impact on plant growth and soil health. The text also highlights case studies and success stories from different regions, showcasing practical applications and advancements in crop nutrition. Further, the book emphasizes the importance of integrated nutrient management approaches, such as the use of biofertilizers, nano-fertilizers, and organic amendments. Special attention is given to innovations from the Global South, demonstrating how developing countries are leading the way in sustainable agricultural practices. By integrating scientific research, practical strategies, and global success stories, this book serves as an essential resource for students, researchers, agronomists, policymakers, and agricultural practitioners. It provides the knowledge and tools needed to enhance crop productivity, improve soil health, and ensure sustainable food systems. It not only addresses current agricultural challenges but also paves the way for a resilient and food-secure future, making it a valuable asset for anyone involved in the field of agriculture.
Biogenic toxins are fascinating natural products characterized by an enormous diversity of chemical structures and pharmacological activities. They not only pose hazards to humans and animals, but they are important components in the interplay of substances and living beings in nature and, moreover, important sources for new drugs.
Numerous images of plants and chemical structural formulas complete the book, as well as extensive references for further reading.
The multivolume reference is an essential resource for physicians, veterinarians, pharmacists, chemists, biochemists, food chemists and biologists, for students in the relevant fields, and maybe for interested laymen.
All aspects of natural toxins based on the latest scientific knowledge are included:
- All aspects of the toxicology of all living organisms and natural foods, chemistry, action mechanisms, symptoms of intoxications.
- The only book arranged on a strictly scientific base according to the biogenetic origin and chemical structure.
Natural Poisons and Venoms in 5 Volumes:
Volume 1: Plant Toxins: Terpenes and Steroids 2023, ISBN 978-3-11-072472-1
Volume 2: Plant Toxins: Polyketides, Phenylpropanoids and Further Compounds 2024, ISBN 978-3-11-072851-4
Volume 4: Animal Toxins 2023, ISBN 978-3-11-072854-5
Volume 5: Fungal and Microbial Toxins 2025, ISBN 978-3-11-072856-9
Synthetic biology is enabling scientists to use engineered genetic circuits in the cells as the basis for the development of new living therapeutics and as a powerful new weapon in the fight against diseases, especially cancer. Bacteria-mediated therapy is a promising alternative cancer treatment. The book covers the recent developments of cellular therapies from a synthetic biology perspective including engineered microbial therapies, CAR-T therapies etc. and is an indispensable guide to scientists in both biotechnology and medicine.
This book gives an advanced overview of several topics in infinite group theory. It can also be considered as a rigorous introduction to combinatorial and geometric group theory. The philosophy of the book is to describe the interaction between these two important parts of infinite group theory. In this line of thought, several theorems are proved multiple times with different methods either purely combinatorial or purely geometric while others are shown by a combination of arguments from both perspectives.
The first part of the book deals with Nielsen methods and introduces the reader to results and examples that are helpful to understand the following parts. The second part focuses on covering spaces and fundamental groups, including covering space proofs of group theoretic results. The third part deals with the theory of hyperbolic groups. The subjects are illustrated and described by prominent examples and an outlook on solved and unsolved problems.
New edition now includes the topics on universal free groups, quasiconvex subgroups and hyperbolic groups, and also Stallings foldings and subgroups of free groups. New results on groups of F-types are added.
This three-volume textbook makes the field of chemoinformatic accessible for beginners in the field.
Vol. 1 "Fundamental Concepts" provides an overview of natural products chemistry.
Vol. 2 "Advanced Concepts and Applications" covers toxicity and drug property prediction, computational methods and case studies.
Vol. 3 "Drug Discovery, Synthesis and Analytical Chemistry" includes tools for modelling and computer assisted structure elucidation.
Membrane technology has become an essential tool in many industrial processes in which the separation or fractionation of various species is necessary to obtain or recover high value-added products. In these processes, the synthetic membranes usually play a filter role, being characterized by the size of the pores present in it, which delimit the size of the molecules to be separated.
It is therefore necessary to have a precise knowledge of the characteristic size of said pores. In this book, the main techniques that can be used to determine the mean pore size and the pore size distribution of a synthetic membrane are analyzed and discussed, from the point of view of their theoretical basis, with special attention to equipment that should be used for each technique, as well as reviewing their advantages and disadvantages. Through this text, the researcher or responsible of the quality-control at membrane manufacturing companies will be able to know decide properly which of the porosimetric techniques is more adequate for the knowledge that needs to be obtained from their filters.
The book presents the current state of the art for assessing the overheating risk of buildings. This includes the main effects and correlations related to site climate (including meso- and microclimate), comfort assessment, building-occupant interaction, and building design. Findings and action strategies are summarised.
The book exposes three alternative and competing approaches to uncertainty analysis in engineering. It is composed of some essays on various sub-topics like random vibrations, probabilistic reliability, fuzzy-sets-based analysis, unknown-but-bounded variables, stochastic linearization, possible difficulties with stochastic analysis of structures.
This book explains how to use the programming language Python to develop machine learning and deep learning tasks. It provides readers with a solid foundation in the fundamentals of machine learning algorithms and techniques. The book covers a wide range of topics, including data preprocessing, supervised and unsupervised learning, model evaluation, and deployment. By leveraging the power of Python, readers will gain the practical skills necessary to build and deploy effective machine learning models, making this book an invaluable resource for anyone interested in exploring the exciting world of artificial intelligence.
Mixed-matrix membranes are identified as a new type of membranes being more efficient due to the inorganic particles in their structure. In industry they can be a good substitute for old methods which consume a lot of energy. Thus, the present research scrutinizes different filling particles used in this group of membranes, applications, shortcomings and the challenges of producing these types of membranes.
This book explains the key parameters in the fabrication methods through blending of polymeric and non-polymeric materials containing different components in their chemical structures. It is a complete overview of all relevant and similar references in the field of membrane technology in oil, gas and petrochemicals, by considering standards and the way of performing separation techniques and implementing projects.
This book is intended for business professionals that want to understand the fundamental concepts of Artificial Intelligence, their applications and limitations. Built as a collaborative effort between academia and the industry, this book bridges the gap between theory and business application, demystifying AI through fundamental concepts and industry examples. The reader will find here an overview of the different AI techniques to search, plan, reason, learn, adapt, understand and interact. The book covers the two traditional paradigms in AI: the statistical and data-driven AI systems, which learn and perform by ingesting millions of data points into machine learning algorithms, and the consciously modelled AI systems, known as symbolic AI systems, which use explicit symbols to represent the world and make conclusions. Rather than opposing those two paradigms, the book will also show how those different fields can complement each other.
All royalties go to a charity.
“Demystifying AI reveals its true power: not as a mysterious force, but as a tool for human progress, accessible to all who seek to understand it.”
Dr. Barak Chizi, Chief Data & Analytics Officer, KBC Group
Application of Process Intensification (PI) presents a set of radically innovative principles in process and equipment design, which can bring significant benefits in terms of process efficiency, capital and operating expenses, quality, process safety, and sustainability. Typical approaches in bioprocess intensification are the reduction of the number of production steps, continuous processing, integrated processes, and alternative energy inputs.
Unlike the bulk majority of publications on philosophy of science and research ethics, which are authored by professional philosophers and intended for philosophers, this book has been written by a research practitioner and intended for research practitioners. It is distinctive by its integrative approach to methodological and ethical issues related to research practice, with special emphasis of mathematical modelling and measurement, as well as by attempted application of engineering design methodology to moral decision making. It is also distinctive by more than 200 real-world examples drawn from various domains of science and technology. It is neither a philosophical treaty nor a quick-reference guide. It is intended to encourage young researchers, especially Ph.D. students, to deeper philosophical reflection over research practice. They are not expected to have any philosophical background, but encouraged to consult indicated sources of primary information and academic textbooks containing syntheses of information from primary sources. This book can be a teaching aid for students attending classes aimed at identification of methodological and ethical issues related to technoscientific research, followed by introduction to the methodology of analysing dilemmas arising in this context.
A wide range of chemical products (especially fine chemicals) are important for a healthy and enjoyable modern life; therefore efficient syntheses of these materials are essential. Traditional stoichiometric processes need to be replaced by modern catalytical methods in the change to sustainable chemistry and the production of lower amounts of waste.
This book summarizes the wide variety of catalytic methods that have been developed and applied on an industrial scale in recent years to fulfill this goal. The synthesis of compound classes such as pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, flavoring, and fragrance compounds as well as food additives such as vitamins exemplify the use of these modern catalytic methods in the modern chemical industry.
Explore the comprehensive landscape of polymer membrane applications in this book, encompassing gas separation, organic solvent nanofiltration, water desalination, and fuel cells. The text delves into the subtle influence of polymer membranes on energy efficiency across diverse industries, spotlighting advanced variants such as bio-based, mixed matrix, and polyimides-based membranes. Offering an in-depth analysis, the book elucidates the discovery, development, and challenges associated with these state-of-the-art materials, underscoring their role in achieving enhanced performance and energy efficiency.
Bone augmentation is a procedure to replace and repair fractured bone in extreme circumstances. The materials used in such grafting techniques must be biocompatible and might come from natural bone sources or synthetic materials. This book defines bone augmentation and describes different bone grafting materials, techniques, and applications. Recently developed materials are also explored.
Additive manufacturing, also called rapid prototyping or 3D printing is a disruptive manufacturing technique with a significant impact in electronics. With 3D printing, bulk objects with circuitry are embedded in the volume of an element or conformally coated on the surface of existing parts, allowing design and manufacturing of smaller and lighter products with fast customisation. The book covers both materials selection and techniques. The scope also covers the research areas of additive manufacturing of passive and active components, sensors, energy storage, bioelectronics and more.
The term nutraceuticals is applied to the products isolated from the herbal sources, nutrients or dietary supplements, processed foods, (cereals, soup and beverages) and specific diets, that may also used as medicine other than nutrition. It usually refers to the foods derived products which may sell in medicinal form, possessing physiological benefits to the host while promoting health and wellness and provide protection against chronic disorders. They may also increase the life expectancy, delay the aging and/or support the structure and function of the body organs. Demand for nutraceuticals with potential to prevent and treat chronic disorders has been interestingly increasing over the past few years. Based on food sources, nutraceuticals are classified into dietary fibers, probiotics, prebiotics, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), vitamins, polyphenols and spices.
A dietary supplement is generally considered as product containing vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and medicinal plants that are indented to be used to supplement the diet or a concentrate, metabolite, constituent, extract, or combinations of these ingredients. Broadly, nutraceuticals are any of these ingredients or supplements using for health purposes other than nutrition.
This book on the fundamentals of Nutraceuticals is organized in two parts i.e., the introductory aspects of macro- and micro-nutrients, gut microbiota regulation, nutraceuticals and drug interactions, while the second part is focusing on the biological benefits of nutraceuticals in different disease states. Besides, this book is also addressing the safety aspects of nutraceuticals and phytotherapeutic support in pregnancy. Including contributions from the experts in the field, target audience (pharmacists, nutritionists, other healthcare providers, and researchers in food and nutrition sector) will be benefited with the updated literature on nutraceuticals and dietary supplements.
The author's research on energy storage systems generally was confronted with five characteristics, i.e., complex, interacting, transporting, reacting, and heterogeneous systems. Hence, we refer to these kind of systems as Complex Heterogeneous Systems (CHeSs).
The work considers interacting systems that exchange energy, mass, information, etc. in various ways. The elementary building blocks of CHeSs are based on fundamental thermodynamic, chemical, material, physical, and mathematical principles such as variational and graph-theoretic concepts. It investigates ways of defining complexity, computing percolation thresholds, making smart decisions also by learning from data/past experiences (e.g., providing a systematic approach towards battery management systems), and identifying battery life (e.g., by blow-up analysis of highly nonlinear concentrated solutions).
Ultimately, the elaborated tools shall allow the reader to obtain a general understanding for simulating (also on quantum computers), controlling, and developing CHeSs as well as to pave the way for a general theory on CHeSs generalizing the view on complexity, measurement, estimation, and control.
Water resource management consists of planning, developing, distributing and managing the available water resources. With increasing population growth, urbanization, and climate change, water management becomes more demanding. This book presents innovative solutions for present as well as future challenges we are facing in water conservation and water quality protection. The 2nd Ed. entails new figures, percentages, latest information, trends, and all case studies updated with new ones.
- Provides a green perspective on how water is and can be used.
- The update will entail new figures, percentages, latest information, trends, and all case studies updated with new ones.
The book about Non-bacterial toxins will cover those toxins that affect food safety and are produced by fungi (mycotoxins), cyanobacteria (cyanotoxins) and marine microalgae (phycotoxins). These three group of toxins affect food safety and drinking water quality at a global scale, and they pose three main challenges for scientists: 1) Climate change is causing a slow but steady change on the chemical profile of each of these groups, causing intoxications in areas that are geographically new to the intoxications map. For this reason, emerging toxins are a new topic that requires an important reallocation of resources to understand the new toxins trends, their toxicology, their analytical control and how to deal with them from a regulatory standpoint. 2) Toxicological science needs to be updated to determine the impact of the toxins in all kind of vectors (more and more are being discovered) and how they disseminate on the food chain. Also, the mode of action of many of this toxins is not understood or even known, and this affects also to the impact of the coexistence of several toxins in the same matrix. 3) Detection and regulation, as this requires the use of advance technology (mass spectrometry, biosensors, multitask screening etc) that is in many cases underdevelopped or not available, especially for many of the new toxins.
Climate change, toxicology and detection affect so many areas of science that this book will try to keep the readers updated about the current state of the art.
Biogenic toxins are fascinating natural products characterized by an enormous diversity of chemical structures and pharmacological activities. They not only pose hazards to humans and animals, but they are important components in the interplay of substances and living beings in nature and, moreover, important sources for new drugs.
Numerous images of plants and chemical structural formulas complete the book, as well as extensive references for further reading.
The multivolume reference is an essential resource for physicians, veterinarians, pharmacists, chemists, biochemists, food chemists and biologists, for students in the relevant fields, and maybe for interested laymen.
All aspects of natural toxins based on the latest scientific knowledge are included:
- All aspects of the toxicology of all living organisms and natural foods, chemistry, action mechanisms, symptoms of intoxications.
- The only book arranged on a strictly scientific base according to the biogenetic origin and chemical structure.
Natural Poisons and Venoms in 5 Volumes:
Volume 1: Plant Toxins: Terpenes and Steroids 2023, ISBN 978-3-11-072472-1
Volume 3: Plant Toxins: Alkaloids and Lectins 2025, ISBN 978-3-11-112740-8
Volume 4: Animal Toxins 2023, ISBN 978-3-11-072854-5
Volume 5: Fungal and Microbial Toxins 2025, ISBN 978-3-11-072856-9
The book presents a theoretical and technical background for applying MAS (Multi Agent Systems) in Architecture, Engineering and Construction. It focuses in the early design stage and makes use of domain specific data which relate to different design domains (structural, environmental, architectural design) to inform the agent behaviors. The proposed framework is applicable especially to design problems which traditionally require the close collaboration of engineers and architects.
Removing the barriers to the Global Optimization of Plant Utility Systems by providing practical tools and techniques to deal with these unique challenges is the purpose of this book.
The operating cost of a typical Plant Utility System of a typical Industrial Production Process Plant is enormous - often in tens if not hundreds of millions of dollars per Annum. With so much money at stake, one would expect that heroic optimization efforts would be made to reduce the operating cost, however such is usually not the case. One reason for this complacency is that Plant Utility Systems are usually "cost centers" in Process Plants and their operating cost is prorated amongst the various Production Units, so it suffers from what is at times referred to as "the tragedy of the commons". Another reason for this complacency is that the Plant Utility System structure is significantly different than that of other Production Units, as for flexibility and safety reasons it has a large spare capacity to meet increased utility demand during startups, shutdowns, and emergencies. The existence of a spare equipment necessitates optimization of discrete decisions, whereby traditional optimization techniques do not readily apply.
Part of the problem is that the traditional engineering curriculum primarily emphasizes only one of the many optimization methods, called Non-Linear Programming (NLP). Although NLP can address large classes of optimization problems, it has fairly stringent requirements that all describing relationships (or functions) be continuous and have continuous derivatives. Additionally, in general, NLP only guarantees a local but not the global optimum.
Another optimization method is particularly well suited for modeling Plant Utility Systems is called Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP). And unlike NLP, MILP methods can guarantee global optimum, which is very reassuring. MILP, however, does impose linearity requirements but as discussed in this book there are techniques to overcome this limitation.
While plastics offer undeniable benefits, their exponential growth in production has raised concerns about resource depletion and pollution. Efforts to address the end-of-life challenges of plastics have been hindered by low recycling rates and inadequate waste management systems. Only a fraction of plastic waste is recycled globally, with a significant portion ending up in landfills or polluting natural environments. The persistence of plastic waste, coupled with its widespread contamination of oceans, freshwater systems, and terrestrial habitats, underscores the urgent need for solutions to mitigate its environmental impact. In response to these challenges, emerging circular plastics technologies, particularly chemical recycling, offer promising avenues for transforming plastic waste into valuable resources. Chemical recycling methods, including pyrolysis, depolymerization, and open-loop recycling, present opportunities to break down plastics into fuels, chemicals, and monomers, thus closing the loop on plastic production and consumption.
This book provides an overview of emerging chemical recycling technologies, focusing on advancements in pyrolysis, depolymerization, and open-loop recycling processes. Highlighting notable technological innovations and industry efforts to commercialize these methods, the book serves as a guide to understanding the potential of chemical recycling in addressing the plastic waste crisis.
Many brewers and craft beer drinkers have dreams of working at or owning a brewery. Chemists and Biologists are a very natural fit in the brewing industry given their training, background and interests in exploring the world around them. This book supports that natural curiosity through a series of interviews with these individuals who work in the brewing industry at all levels of employment from the lab manager to working as brewery staff to starting a brewery.
After laying the foundation by explaining the fundamental principles of light propagation and optical resonators, this book delves into the realm of implementing resonators through a fiber-based approach. It extensively explores fiber-based resonators, encompassing a comprehensive discussion spanning from their intricacies of design to their pivotal roles in advancing quantum optics experiments. Furthermore, it details the design techniques, meticulously explaining the latest developments within this dynamic field.
There are vivid illustrations highlighting the various applications of resonators in experimental optics and cavity quantum electrodynamics. Also, a discourse is presented regarding the future potential of fiber-based resonators in quantum technology. The book serves as a valuable resource for individuals with an interest in optical resonators and their boundless possibilities.
With the advancement in medicinal chemistry and material science, several highly specific, biocompatible and non-toxic therapeutic agents have been discovered and successfully applied for various clinical applications. Many of the conventional constraints of clinical therapies have been replaced and overcome by the multifaceted applications of material science and nanotechnology. Recently, material science-based therapeutic agents are the major global pharmaceutical market and are believed to mount exponentially shortly.
Among the various therapeutic agents, hydrogels are one of the most widely applied materials used in the treatment of various diseases, and one of the most diverse materials that are used for multipurpose applications. Hydrogels were the first biomaterials used for Human being. Hydrogels are polymeric linkages, water-insoluble, however, sometimes established as a colloidal gel in water. Hydrogels are the superabsorbent materials because it can absorb more than 90% water, and hence regarded as natural living tissue. Mechanically strong hydrogels were synthesized by the advent of new synthetic strategies. Owing to the swollen properties, three-dimensional polymer network, and strong mechanical characteristics, these are widely used in catalysis, adsorption, drug delivery systems for proteins, contact lenses, wound dressings, wound healing, bone regeneration, tissue engineering, baby diapers, food rheology, and many others. Due to their diverse applications, hydrogels are considered one of the smartest materials in pharmaceutics, and are eco-friendly materials, cheap, and have good recyclability. They are used as therapeutic agents in different health sectors. As they are very sensitive to target, therefore it is considered favorite and preferred choice in biomedical sectors. Patients are psychologically scared of surgeries regarding huge expenses and failure. So researchers are working on hydrogels as alternative surgical replacement. In most cases, they have successfully achieved research on hydrogels in bones and tissues repairment. It might be hope of life for serious patients in future. The domain of this work will cover state of the art potentials and applications in various technological areas.
With 5G, telecommunications networks have entered a new phase. 5G mobile networks use unique concepts and technologies to deliver current and future applications across a wide spectrum, from high bit-rate smartphones to high-availability car-to-x and mass IoT applications.
This book on 5G technology starts with the evolution of mobile networks to 5G. It then addresses basic concepts and technologies such as NGN, IMS, virtualization with NFV and MEC, SDN, and Service Function Chaining.
The 5G environment is comprehensively presented, starting with use cases and usage scenarios and moving on to concrete requirements, as well as the standardization at ITU and especially 3GPP, including regulation.
In this context, the 5G system design, the 5G access networks with their high-performance transmission technology, and the core network with the innovative concepts of Service Based Architecture and Network Slicing play a significant role. A 5G system is presented here in an integrated view, rounded off by an overview of all relevant IT security aspects.
The overall view is concluded by looking at the environmental influences of electromagnetic radiation and the energy and raw material resources requirements. Furthermore, the future development of 5G up to 6G is outlined.
The book's main objective is to provide people interested in 5G technology and application scenarios with a well-founded knowledge for an introduction to 5G and encourage further discussion of this topic. The target audience is generally technically interested persons, mostly employees of public and private network operators. This book should be of particular interest, especially within the IT departments of potential 5G user companies, and of course, among computer science and electrical engineering students.
The book provides accessible and comprehensive information on polymer matrix composites. It presents the basic concept of design of composite materials. It includes chapters on materials testing and characterization, such as mechanical testing and thermal analysis, and lifetime prediction. It discusses both structural and functional applications.
-
Offers comprehensive information on processing, properties and applications polymer matrix composites
-
Presents and reviews the recent development in the field e.g. damage tolerant composites, biocomposites, additive manufacturing
-
Includes latest techniques of performance evaluation and life time assessment of composite materials
Materials Science today is the base for all technological and industrial developments. The book provides the understanding of the advanced spectroscopic and microscopic instruments used for material characterization. The main issues addressed are 1) a detailed understanding of the instrument, including working and handling, 2) sample preparation, and 3) data analysis and interpretation.
The book is divided in two parts i.e., Part A discusses microscopic instruments, consisting of Optical Microscope, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope and X-Ray Diffraction. Part B is on spectroscopic instruments and covers FTIR Spectrometer, Raman Spectrometer, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Fluorescence Spectroscopy, and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy.
Food Science and Technology: Fundamentals and Innovation presents the aspects of microbiology, chemistry, nutrition, and process engineering required for the successful selection, preservation, processing, packaging, and distribution of quality food. It is a valuable resource for researchers and students in food science & technology and food industry professionals and entrepreneurs. There are two new chapters in the 2nd Ed. COVID-19 and food supply chain as well as climate-smart food science.
Experience the eco-friendly breakthrough in corrosion mitigation through functionalized
thin fi lm coatings! This book delves deep into the cutting-edge advancements
in synthesizing and applying functionalized thin fi lm coatings to safeguard metals
and alloys by replacing commercially available toxic inhibitors. It includes an
overview, of properties, applications, and methodologies to detect and inhibit
corrosion.
The set contains three volumes of "Gas Engineering".
Each book contains references at the end of chapter which include information from the open literature and meeting proceedings to give a picture of where the gas processing technology stands as well as indicate some relatively new technologies that could become important in the future. Also, each book also contains a comprehensive glossary.
The books are written in an easy-to-read style and offer a ready-at-hand (one-stop-shopping) guide to the many issues that are related to the engineering aspects of the properties and processing of natural gas as well as the effects of natural gas on various ecosystems as well as to pollutant mitigation and clean-up. The books present an overview, with a considerable degree of detail of the various aspects of natural gas technology. Any chemistry presented in the books is used as a means of explanation of a particular point but is maintained at an elementary level.
Volume 1 "Origin and Reservoir Engineering" deals with the origins of process gases and describes recovery, properties and composition. It covers as well the shale gas, the production from hydrocarbon rich deep shale formations, being one of the most quickly expanding trends in onshore domestic gas exploration.
Volume 2 "Composition and Processing of Gas Streams" covers the constituents of gas streams and their properties. The author presents the chemistry and engineering aspects of the methods and principles by which the gas streams might be cleaned from their noxious constituents. The concept of gas condensate is also discussed as well as the methods which can be applied to the analysis of streams and condensate.
"Volume 3 "Uses of Gas and Effects" introduces the concept of liquefied natural gas and the concept gas-to-liquids and also presents a review of the uses of gas streams and the effects of the various gases on the environment. This volume also describes the properties gas streams as they are related to corrosion effects are also presented. The relationship of the properties of gas streams as they affect corrosion such as carburization and metal dusting as well as corrosion in steel and other materials used in refinery technology are also presented and the book summarizes key findings into corrosion processes in gas-processing equipment as well as corrosion in offshore structures.
This book sheds light on the intersections between electrochemistry and electronics that generally find little attention in conventional textbooks and monographs. It will help electrochemists and electronic engineers to understand and learn the ropes of each other’s respective specialist fields, promoting cross-disciplinary collaboration.
This book contains 34 technical papers presented at the Advances in Architectural Geometry Conference held in Stuttgart 2023.
Modern geometric computing increasingly plays a role in modeling environments and processing sensing information, providing a variety of tools for the efficient design, analysis, and manufacturing of complex shapes. The research area of architectural geometry (AG) has emerged at the common border of architecture, applied geometry, computational design, mathematics, and manufacturing. This book presents the state of the art of research in AG.
1st edition awarded the Karl-Kraus-Medal for “Best International Textbook’’.
Covers all current and established technology features and recent technology
developments of signifi cance.
New topics include: aspherical lenses, hyperspectral camera and colour calibration.
Covers relevant opportunities of process integration and intensification applied to
microalgae-based systems.
Provides a complete review of the state of the art of these industrial approaches.
Presents new insights into industrial sustainability.
Quite a few excellent books about vibrational spectroscopy have already been published. So why write a new one? The last years have seen the birth of new techniques and, first of all, a wealth of new applications. Therefore, a lot of new users need an introduction to these techniques and applications, but, if they are new to vibrational spectroscopy, an introduction to the parent techniques as well.
Vibrational spectroscopies can detect and analyze vibrations in molecules. Mainly two different forms are used today: Infrared and Raman spectroscopy.
Vibrational spectroscopy is used by chemists to characterize their substances. If the spectra of substances are known, analytical chemists can use them to analyze a mixture of chemicals. Samples may be analyzed even with spatial resolution, on the microscopic as well as on the macroscopic scale.
"Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy" is intended for researchers or lecturers in Chemistry, Physics, Materials Science and Life Sciences, who are interested in the composition and properties of their samples. It describes how vibrational spectroscopy will enable them to examine thin layers, surfaces and interfaces, and also improve their knowledge about the properties of composites. Special chapters introduce VCD, ROA, and TERS.
The book can serve as a short introduction to vibrational spectroscopy too, so that students at the first graduate level will benefit from it as well.
Contemporary optics is the foundation of many of today’s technologies including various focusing and defocusing devices, microscopies and imaging techniques. Light and X-ray Optis for Materials Scientists and Engineers offers a guide to basic concepts and provides an accessible framework for understanding this highly application-relevant branch of science for materials scientists, physicists, chemists, biologists, and engineers trained in different disciplines. The text links the fundamentals of optics to modern applications, especially for promotion of nanotechnology and life science, such as conventional, near-field, confocal, phase-contrast microscopies and imaging schemes based on interference and diffraction phenomena. Written by a noted expert and experienced instructor, the book contains numerous worked examples throughout to help the reader gain a thorough understanding of the concepts and information presented. The text covers a wide range of relevant topics, including reflection, refraction, and focusing phenomena, wave polarization and birefringence in crystals, optics in negative materials, metamaterials, and photonic structures, holography, light and X-ray interferometry, extensive description of diffraction optics, including dynamical X-ray diffraction, and more.
This book provides a detailed analysis of human movement, building from simple physical models to more complex analyses and biomechanical models, including forces internal to the body. The book integrates principles of Physics with the functioning of the nervous and musculoskeletal systems to understand how movement in general, and dance movements specifically, can be executed to enhance performance and reduce injury risk.
5G cellular networks utilize new concepts and technologies to make current and future applications available, from high bite rate smartphones to highly accessible car-to-x and IoT applications. However, of relevance are not just the technology but also the environmental influences of 5G. This second, revised edition addresses recent developments in 5G technologies.
In a self contained and exhaustive work the author covers Group Theory in its multifaceted aspects, treating its conceptual foundations in a proper logical order. First discrete and finite group theory, that includes the entire chemical-physical field of crystallography is developed self consistently, followed by the structural theory of Lie Algebras with a complete exposition of the roots and Dynkin diagrams lore. A primary on Fibre-Bundles, Connections and Gauge fields, Riemannian Geometry and the theory of Homogeneous Spaces G/H is also included and systematically developed.
A fresh new treatment written by industry insiders, this work gives readers a remarkably clear view into the world of chemical separation. The authors review distillation, extraction, adsorption, crystallization, and the use of membranes – providing historical perspective, explaining key features, and offering insights from personal experience. The book is for engineers and chemists with current or future responsibility for chemical separation on a commercial scale – in its design, operation, or improvement – or for anyone wanting to learn more about chemical separation from an industrial point of view. The result is a compelling survey of popular technologies and the profession, one that brings the art and craft of chemical separation to life.
Ever wonder how popular separation technologies came about, how a particular process functions, or how mass transfer units differ from theoretical stages? Or perhaps you want some pointers on how to begin solving a separation problem. You will find clear explanations and valuable insights into these and other aspects of industrial practice in this refreshing new survey.
Recently, surface-engineered and modified nanomaterials have been developed as corrosion inhibitors for different metals alloys in coating and solution phases. This book covers current emerging trends and applications in nanomaterials and nanotechnologies and their applications in corrosion prevention. It offers synthesis, surface modification for enhanced dispersibility and protection, composite formation and their anticorrosive applications.
Mainframes are increasingly coming to the fore again as part of server consolidation measures and cloud computing. Typical areas of application are the highly reliable processing of mass data (customer data from insurance companies, flight booking systems, ERP systems). This new and revised edition describes the fundamentals of computer architecture as well as operating systems and languages. (JCL, Rexx, Bluemix z/OS Connect EE).
A general introduction that addresses the industrial role of emulsifiers and addresses various problems such as sedimentation, flocculation, Ostwald ripening, coalescence, and phase inversion. Thermodynamics, adsorption, and interaction forces between emulsion droplets are explained in detail. Practical and descriptive, it helps characterize and select the right emulsifier for various industrial applications.
This book summarizes the application of thermal analysis tools in different research areas. Areas covered include characterization of catalytic materials, plastics and polymers, analysis of salts, minerals and oxides. The reader is provided with an overview of experimental strategy, methodology, usage of complementary thermoanalytical methods and the type of information which could be drawn depending on the research field.
The book provides stepwise guidelines for the development of Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams for all different areas of chemical engineering such as pumps, heat exchangers, columns, compressors, vessels, instrumentation, control logic, piping, valves, notes, equipment design, and flare systems. It also provides guidance to commonly used methodology to mark-up each subsystem mentioned earlier and discusses common tools used in the industry.
Biogenic toxins are fascinating natural products characterized by an enormous diversity of chemical structures and pharmacological activities. They not only pose hazards to humans and animals, but they are important components in the interplay of substances and living beings in nature and, moreover, important sources for new drugs.
Numerous images of plants and chemical structural formulas complete the book, as well as extensive references for further reading.
The multivolume reference is an essential resource for physicians, veterinarians, pharmacists, chemists, biochemists, food chemists and biologists, for students in the relevant fields, and maybe for interested laymen.
All aspects of natural toxins based on the latest scientific knowledge are included:
- All aspects of the toxicology of all living organisms and natural foods, chemistry, action mechanisms, symptoms of intoxications.
- The only book arranged on a strictly scientific base according to the biogenetic origin and chemical structure.
Natural Poisons and Venoms in 5 Volumes:
Volume 1: Plant Toxins: Terpenes and Steroids 2023, ISBN 978-3-11-072472-1
Volume 2: Plant Toxins: Polyketides, Phenylpropanoids and Further Compounds 2024, ISBN 978-3-11-072851-4
Volume 3: Plant Toxins: Alkaloids and Lectins 2025, ISBN 978-3-11-112740-8
Volume 5: Fungal and Microbial Toxins 2025, ISBN 978-3-11-072856-9
The book is focused on Bio Products derived from renewable resources processed by conventional catalytic thermochemical processes and or emerging bioprocessing techniques including fermentation and synthetic biology. It highlights some of these developments—from discovery, lab feasibility, scale up and eventual commercialization of interest and value in all the major sectors of the economy.
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is one of the oldest functional materials reported in literature and has recently had a renaissance as researchers explore the breadth of its functionality. This book explores this active material from its history, structure, preparation, catalytic activity, and applications. This fundamental text is an ideal introduction to this fascinating material and gives a holistic overview of its preparation and potential.
Biogenic toxins are fascinating natural products characterized by an enormous diversity of chemical structures and pharmacological activities. They not only pose hazards to humans and animals, but they are important components in the interplay of substances and living beings in nature and, moreover, important sources for new drugs.
Numerous images of plants and chemical structural formulas complete the book, as well as extensive references for further reading.
The multivolume reference is an essential resource for physicians, veterinarians, pharmacists, chemists, biochemists, food chemists and biologists, for students in the relevant fields, and maybe for interested laymen.
All aspects of natural toxins based on the latest scientific knowledge are included:
- All aspects of the toxicology of all living organisms and natural foods, chemistry, action mechanisms, symptoms of intoxications.
- The only book arranged on a strictly scientific base according to the biogenetic origin and chemical structure.
Natural Poisons and Venoms in 5 Volumes:
Volume 2: Plant Toxins: Polyketides, Phenylpropanoids and Further Compounds 2024, ISBN 978-3-11-072851-4
Volume 3: Plant Toxins: Alkaloids and Lectins 2025, ISBN 978-3-11-112740-8
Volume 4: Animal Toxins 2023, ISBN 978-3-11-072854-5
Volume 5: Fungal and Microbial Toxins 2025, ISBN 978-3-11-072856-9
When doing in the off-gas purification business you will pretty soon register that you do not act in an isolated box. You have to make yourself familiar with the interplay of your emission problem and the environment, and you have to apply a broad view of the subject.
We can hardly make a forecast on your first steps in this business, except that we want you to succeed.
Therefore, we want to offer engineers and graduate students the basic tools for discussing air pollution problems and for deducing strategies for process and equipment design in off-gas purification, covering the whole span from the basics to dedusting, absorption, adsorption and redox processes.
The didactic concept of the work is to attract students with a ‘learning by doing’ strategy. We discuss the problems, the solver strategies and the solvers. The problem solver proposals address a multitude of pollution control technologies.
The work is a compact off-gas purification guide for practitioners and students by presenting basics as well as numerous applications with many examples and problems with solutions.
This book takes a pragmatic business and economics view towards evaluating competing investment alternatives and/or capital project strategies. It provides a practical step-by- step process using a structured decision analysis framework to evaluate, understand, quantify, and measure project invesment strategies in light of multiple stakeholder objectives and success criteria. This process assists in helping stakeholders (internal and external) achieve a shared understanding of project issues and to facilitate convergence towards a mutually acceptable solution. The approach considers available choices, identified uncertainties, constraints, necessary tradeoffs, and preferences so as to identify solutions that maximize overall benefits while minimizing overall costs and risk. A real world case study is presented in the early chapters and the process steps are demonstrated through application to this case study.
Recent advances in technology allow for investment strategies to be evaluated against multiple criteria within one integrated platform. This book guides the reader in performing multi-criteria decision analysis, including the use of Monte Carlo simulation, within an MS Excel environment using native MS Excel and as well as add-in programs such Palisades Decision Tools suite. Example model structures, screen shots, formulas, and output results are provided throughout the book using an illustrative case study.
Benefitting from phytochemicals in medicinal plants has lately gained increasingly more global relevance. The medicinal bioactivity might range from wound healing activity to anti-inflammatory and anti-viral effects. This work describes the challenging scientific process of systematic identification and taxonomy through molecular profiling and nanoparticle production from plant extracts until a final use for e.g. cancer or HIV treatment.
From the table of contents
PART A: Biodiversity & Traditional Knowledge.
__Habitats and Distribution.
__Threats and Conservation.
__Culture, tradition and indigenous practices.
PART B: Phytochemical constituents – Molecules and Characterization Techniques.
__Alkaloids & Flavonoids.
__Tannin, Saponnin and Taxol.
__Terpenoids, Steroids and Phenolic Compounds.
__Essential oil and their constituents.
__Characterization Techniques used for the analysis of phytochemical constituents.
PART C: Medicinal Bioactivity.
__Anti-cancerous and Anti HIV activity.
__Anti-microbial, Anti-inflammatory and wound healing activity.
__Anti-oxidant activity.
__Anti-diabetic activity.
__Anti-Corona virus and anti-viral activity.
PART D: Nanotechnology.
__Nano-materials synthesis from medicinal plant extract.
__Characterization and activity of medicinal plant based nanoparticles.
PART E: Pharmacology/Drug discovery.
__Plant phytochemicals in drug discovery.
__Extraction and production of drugs.
__System pharmacology and drug discovery.
The book explains concept and principle of heat sealing and the correlation between molecular properties and seal performance. First, theoretical aspects of heat sealing and the mechanism involved in seal formation are discussed. Then different test methods for evaluating seal and hot tack performance and quality are reviewed. Different common sealant materials in fl exible packaging are discussed including multiphase and bioplastic sealants. Effect of processing condition and material characteristics on seal and hot tack performance of sealant materials are reviewed. Mathematical models are presented as powerful tools to optimize sealing condition in order to balance production cost and seal properties. Finally, practical examples of sealant design are introduced in food and industrial packaging.
Functionalization of material systems is one of the key developments nowadays in the textile industry, where particles are frequently used to enhance the properties of fibers and to add new functionalities. This book focuses on innovative textile materials and is a perfect guide for professionals in the textile industry and scientists alike. An overview of particle technology is provided before addressing all topics relevant to particle-enhanced textiles, i.e. the properties and application of micro/nanoparticles in textiles, production techniques, safety, as well as regulatory and intellectual property aspects. The book
- covers the composition and applications of various types of textile fillers, finishings, and microfibers.
- gives an outlook on future trends and challenges in the research, development, and production of nano- and micro-enabled textiles.
The authors of the book, who are leading experts in their fields, address many aspects relevant to the use of particle-enhanced textiles in industrial applications as well as in our daily life. A particular emphasis is put on practical examples of applications and products, safety and sustainability issues and the potential for further innovation.
This book should bring inspiration for textile scientists in using particles for improving textiles and further expanding their possibilities of use.
This book is a comprehensive introduction to the rapidly developing field of modeling and characterization of PEM fuel cells. It focuses on i) fuel cell performance modeling and performance characterization applicable from single cells to stacks, ii) fundamental and advanced techniques for structural and compositional characterization of fuel cell components and iii) electrocatalyst design. Written by experts in this field, this book is an invaluable tool for graduate students and professionals.
This 3rd volume of 'Gas Engineering' introduces the concept of liquefied natural gas and the concept gas-to-liquids and also presents a review of the uses of gas streams and the effects of the various gases on the environment. This volume also describes the properties gas streams as they are related to corrosion effects are also presented. The relationship of the properties of gas streams as they affect corrosion such as carburization and metal dusting as well as corrosion in steel and other materials used in refinery technology are also presented and the book summarizes key findings into corrosion processes in gas-processing equipment as well as corrosion in offshore structures.
Each book contains references at the end of chapter which include information from the open literature and meeting proceedings to give a picture of where the gas processing technology stands as well as indicate some relatively new technologies that could become important in the future. Also, each book also contains a comprehensive glossary.
The books are written in an easy-to-read style and offer a ready-at-hand (one-stop-shopping) guide to the many issues that are related to the engineering aspects of the properties and processing of natural gas as well as the effects of natural gas on various ecosystems as well as to pollutant mitigation and clean-up. The books present an overview, with a considerable degree of detail of the various aspects of natural gas technology. Any chemistry presented in the books is used as a means of explanation of a particular point but is maintained at an elementary level.
The research on carbon dots is evolving and expanding very rapidly. A high-tech overview for academia and industry is needed to modernize carbon dots in biological applications. This book covers the use of carbon dots in biology, medicine, and pharmacy: synthesis, properties and applications, obstacles in exploiting these materials, and future research prospects. The reader is able to explore the wide scope of carbon dots in the global market.
The updated edition of the first of three volumes on Medical Physics focuses even more on body systems related to physical principles such as body mechanics, energy balance, and action potentials. Thanks to numerous newly incorporated didactic features, the introductory text into the broad fi eld of medical physics is easy to understand and supports self-study. New: highlighted boxes emphasize special topics; math boxes explain more advanced mathematical issues; each chapter concludes with a summary of the key concepts, questions, a self-assessment of the acquired competence, and exercises. The appendix contains answers to questions and solutions to exercises.
The updated edition of the second of three volumes on Medical Physics presents modern physical methods for medical diagnostics. It provides a solid background on imaging techniques that use non-ionizing probes (ultrasound, endoscopy including CLE and OCT, MRI) and imaging techniques that use ionizing radiation (X-ray radiography, CT, SPECT, PET). Radiation sources, interactions of radiation with matter and radiation protection for x-rays, -rays, protons and neutrons are presented. Some of these topics are also relevant to the therapeutic applications presented in Volume 3. NEW: highlighted boxes emphasize specifi c topics; math boxes explain more advanced mathematical issues; each chapter concludes with a summary of the key concepts, questions, a self-assessment of the acquired competence and exercises. The appendix provides answers to questions and solutions to exercises.
This three-volume work in its 2nd edition introduces in science, medicine and engineering in a coherent way to the physics behind modern imaging and therapy techniques, as well as bio-compatible materials and their use in prosthetics.
New: Special topics highlighted in boxes; additional check for attained competence.
Vol. 1: Physical Aspects of the Human Body.
Vol. 2: Physical Aspects of Diagnostics.
Vol. 3: Physical Aspects of Therapeutics.
This book is for engineers and students of aerospace, materials and mechanical engineering. It covers the transition from aluminum to composite materials for aerospace structures and includes advanced analyses used in industries. New in the 2nd Edition is material on morphing structures, large deflection plates, nondestructive methods, vibration correlation technique for shear loaded plates, vibrations to measure physical properties, and more.
The updated edition of the third of three vollumes on Medical Physics presents modern physical methods for medical therapy with a focus on tumor treatment. It provides background information on radiation biology, radiation response of tissues, and linear energy transfer through radiation. Therapies with external radiation sources (x-rays, protons, neutrons) as well as internal radiation sources (brachytherapy) are discussed in detail. Other chapters deal with the use of lasers and nanoparticles in modern medicine. This volume closes with a short chapter on medical statistics. NEW: highlighted boxes emphasize specifi c topics; math boxes explain more advanced mathematical issues; each chapter concludes with a summary of the key concepts, questions, exercises, and a self-assessment of the acquired competence. The appendix provides answers to questions and solutions to exercises.
This volume begins with a general introduction that explains the forces of interaction between particles and drops, systems of self-organization, polymeric surfactants, and nanoemulsions. The second part delves into examples from industry, ranging from foams and soaps to haircare, suncare, and make-up products.
Textile and fibre chemistry form the theoretical basis to understand production and properties of textile based products. In this 2nd edition fundamentals of textile chemistry and theoretical and applicatory aspects of colour chemistry are interconnected to draw detailed picture of chemical reactions occurring during production and modification of textile products. An overview about chemical modification, finishing operations is given to explain how to impart special functionalities into functional products. Examples for technical scale processes and representative machinery used therein give insight into the technical reality of a dyehouse. A new chapter about circularity of textiles highlights the interlinkage between product design, including dyes and finishes, and the requirements to develop future fibre-to-fibre recycling.
The work covers all relevant aspects of a textile product from fibre production, coloration, finishing, consumer use and fibre-to-fibre recycling. The content of the book allows a first entry into this multi-disciplinary field. Through its comprehensive character the authors explain the interdependence between textile and fibre processing and aspects of recycling, which makes the work a valuable source of information to design future textiles for circularity.
Smart and Functional Textiles is an application-oriented book covering a wide range of areas from multifunctional nanofinished textiles, coated and laminated textiles, wearable e-textiles, textile-based sensors and actuators, thermoregulating textiles, to smart medical textiles and stimuli-responsive textiles. It also includes chapters on 3D printed smart textiles, automotive smart textiles, smart textiles in military and defense, as well as functional textiles used in care and diagnosis of Covid-19.
Gasification provides a series of workflow process fundamentals set within authentic contexts and case studies while exploring the pathways for gasification optimization, the effect of fuel blending in gasification systems, and the use of Computational Fluid Dynamics to describe said processes. Comprehensive in its coverage, this book allows engineering graduate students, advanced undergraduates, researchers and industry practitioners to further advance their own gasification strategy and understanding.
Key features:
- Compares gasification with pyrolysis and combustion.
- Covers broad gasification mechanisms, experimental procedures, and numerical modelling.
- Provides techno-economic analysis applied to gasification systems coupled with risk analysis.
- Describes state-of-the-art processes concerning the co-firing of ammonia, coal and biomass.
This book offers an analysis of the state-of-the-art in high entropy alloys (HEA). In order to increase the qualities of an alloy, one major element is typically chosen and other elements are added to it in small amounts. In order to create multi-component alloys without a single major element, Professor J.W. Yeh described a novel method of alloy design in 2004. This method involved mixing elements in equiatomic or nearly equiatomic proportions. HEAs have a wide range of structural and physical properties and may find use in various applications. HEAs are intended to have high configurational entropy. The fundamental information now known in the subject, the range of different alloy systems and the features that have been investigated so far, the current major study fields, and the technological applications are presented in this book.
- Includes high entropy alloy fabrication and phase development.
- Discusses thermodynamic design criteria to develop HEAs.
- Covers the HEAs functioning characteristics.
- Compares the different processing routes used for the synthesis of HEAs
This book gives an overview on the fundamentals and recent developments in the field of luminescent materials. Starting from the definitions and properties of phosphors, novel application areas as well as spectroscopic methods for characterization will be described. The reader will benefit from the vast knowledge of the authors with backgrounds in industry as well as academia.
This volume deals with two complementary topics. On one hand the book deals with the problem of determining the the probability distribution of a positive compound random variable, a problem which appears in the banking and insurance industries, in many areas of operational research and in reliability problems in the engineering sciences.
On the other hand, the methodology proposed to solve such problems, which is based on an application of the maximum entropy method to invert the Laplace transform of the distributions, can be applied to many other problems.
The book contains applications to a large variety of problems, including the problem of dependence of the sample data used to estimate empirically the Laplace transform of the random variable.
Contents
Introduction
Frequency models
Individual severity models
Some detailed examples
Some traditional approaches to the aggregation problem
Laplace transforms and fractional moment problems
The standard maximum entropy method
Extensions of the method of maximum entropy
Superresolution in maxentropic Laplace transform inversion
Sample data dependence
Disentangling frequencies and decompounding losses
Computations using the maxentropic density
Review of statistical procedures
This book presents a comprehensive description of the basic concepts of soft matter mechanics and of the nano- and microscale biomedical methods that allow characterizing the mechanical properties of cells and tissues.
Almost all materials are inhomogeneous at the microscale. Typical examples are fiber- and grain structures made of anisotropic phases. These cannot be accounted for in detail in engineering calculations. Instead, effective, homogeneous material properties are used. These are obtained from the inhomogeneous structures by homogenization methods. This book provides a structured overview of the analytical homogenization methods, including the most common estimates, bounds, and Fourier methods. The focus is on linear and anisotropic constitutive relationships, like Hookean elasticity and Fourier’s law for thermal conduction. All sections are accompanied by example calculations, including program code that is also available online.
The mechanical properties of cells can be used to distinguish pathological from normal cells and tissues in many diseases. This two-volume work outlines the physics behind cell and tissue mechanics, describe the methods which can be used to determine their mechanical properties, and present various diseases in which a mechanical fingerprint could be established.
Vol. 1. Biomedical Methods.
Vol. 2. Biomedical Applications.
This book is dedicated to the discussion of several biomedical applications of the mechanical phenotyping of cells and tissues to specific disease models. The topical chapters on mechanics in disease are preceded by chapters describing cell and tissue structure and their relationship with the biomechanical properties, as well as by the description of dedicated sample preparation methods for the nano- and microscale mechanical measurements.
Essential oils are simply the volatile oils of plants. These are concentrated liquids contain many terpenes, alkaloids and alcohols etc. Various compounds of essential oils have bioactive properties such as antimicrobial, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-viral and anti-fungal etc. This book describes the sources of essential oils, extraction and production method, characterizing tools, bioactivity, and various applications in the field of industries, daily usage, agriculture, health, and food.
At a fundamental level, reticular chemistry offers an intellectually-stimulating journey through discovery, rational design, structural characterization, and technology-driven properties and applications. The breadth of science, techniques, and applications experienced through reticular chemistry is unseen in other fields. Accordingly, based on 30 years of reported research, Reticular Chemistry and Applications: Metal-Organic Frameworks critically details the most important knowledge and know-how available to help old and new reticular chemists alike embark on a project based on these fascinating materials.
- Overview of the state-of-the-art approaches in design, synthesis, and structural characterization of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)
- MOFs applied toward carbon dioxide capture and conversion, methane and hydrogen storage, and industrially-practical catalysis
- MOFs for energy conversion and storage, water purification and harvesting, and targeted delivery of biologically-relevant molecules
- Contributions from a multidisciplinary, international consortium of widely-respected reticular chemists
The book begins by giving the definitions, characteristics, some latest development and potential prospects of microelectronic and optoelectronic materials, and then discusses different type of typical microelectronic and optoelectronic materials, such as graphene, Silison, GaSa, InP, SiC and some other novel layered 2D semiconductors. The 2D/semiconductors van der Waals heterostructures are also illustrated.
Addresses novel machine learning algorithms that are challenged by high-throughput data, by high dimensions, or by complex structures of the data in three volumes. Resource constraints are given by the relation between the demands for processing the data and the capacity of the computing machinery. Comprehensive overview of novel approaches to machine learning research that consider resource constraints and application of the described methods.
Machine Learning under Resource Constraints addresses novel machine learning algorithms that are challenged by high-throughput data, by high dimensions, or by complex structures of the data in three volumes. Resource constraints are given by the relation between the demands for processing the data and the capacity of the computing machinery. The resources are runtime, memory, communication, and energy. Hence, modern computer architectures play a significant role. Novel machine learning algorithms are optimized with regard to minimal resource consumption. Moreover, learned predictions are executed on diverse architectures to save resources. It provides a comprehensive overview of the novel approaches to machine learning research that consider resource constraints, as well as the application of the described methods in various domains of science and engineering.
Volume 1 establishes the foundations of this new field. It goes through all the steps from data collection, their summary and clustering, to the different aspects of resource-aware learning, i.e., hardware, memory, energy, and communication awareness. Several machine learning methods are inspected with respect to their resource requirements and how to enhance their scalability on diverse computing architectures ranging from embedded systems to large computing clusters.
Surfactants are surface active agents, molecules that play an important role in emulsions, suspensions, and foams. They are widely used in skincare, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, agrochemistry, and the food industry. This book takes a practical approach to addresses their classification, physical properties, phase behavior, effects, and applications.
Machine Learning under Resource Constraints addresses novel machine learning algorithms that are challenged by high-throughput data, by high dimensions, or by complex structures of the data in three volumes. Resource constraints are given by the relation between the demands for processing the data and the capacity of the computing machinery. The resources are runtime, memory, communication, and energy. Hence, modern computer architectures play a significant role. Novel machine learning algorithms are optimized with regard to minimal resource consumption. Moreover, learned predictions are executed on diverse architectures to save resources. It provides a comprehensive overview of the novel approaches to machine learning research that consider resource constraints, as well as the application of the described methods in various domains of science and engineering.
Volume 3 describes how the resource-aware machine learning methods and techniques are used to successfully solve real-world problems. The book provides numerous specific application examples. In the areas of health and medicine, it is demonstrated how machine learning can improve risk modelling, diagnosis, and treatment selection for diseases. Machine learning supported quality control during the manufacturing process in a factory allows to reduce material and energy cost and save testing times is shown by the diverse real-time applications in electronics and steel production as well as milling. Additional application examples show, how machine-learning can make traffic, logistics and smart cities more effi cient and sustainable. Finally, mobile communications can benefi t substantially from machine learning, for example by uncovering hidden characteristics of the wireless channel.
Machine Learning under Resource Constraints addresses novel machine learning algorithms that are challenged by high-throughput data, by high dimensions, or by complex structures of the data in three volumes. Resource constraints are given by the relation between the demands for processing the data and the capacity of the computing machinery. The resources are runtime, memory, communication, and energy. Hence, modern computer architectures play a significant role. Novel machine learning algorithms are optimized with regard to minimal resource consumption. Moreover, learned predictions are executed on diverse architectures to save resources. It provides a comprehensive overview of the novel approaches to machine learning research that consider resource constraints, as well as the application of the described methods in various domains of science and engineering.
Volume 2 covers machine learning for knowledge discovery in particle and astroparticle physics. Their instruments, e.g., particle detectors or telescopes, gather petabytes of data. Here, machine learning is necessary not only to process the vast amounts of data and to detect the relevant examples efficiently, but also as part of the knowledge discovery process itself. The physical knowledge is encoded in simulations that are used to train the machine learning models. At the same time, the interpretation of the learned models serves to expand the physical knowledge. This results in a cycle of theory enhancement supported by machine learning.
The book systematically introduces theories of frequently-used modern signal processing methods and technologies, and focuses discussions on stochastic signal, parameter estimation, modern spectral estimation, adaptive filter, high-order signal analysis and non-linear transformation in time-domain signal analysis. With abundant exercises, the book is an essential reference for graduate students in electrical engineering and information science.
The modernization of science and technology using nanomaterials will open a new paradigm to meet the increasing energy demand. This book provides an in-depth understanding of theoretical perspectives from molecular and atomic levels. The modern analytical techniques explored provide an understanding of the interactions of particles at interfaces. This book gives a holistic view of materials synthesis, analysis, application, and safe handling.
Volume 2 covers the constituents of gas streams and their properties. The author presents the chemistry and engineering aspects of the methods and principles by which the gas streams might be cleaned from their noxious constituents. The concept of gas condensate is also discussed as well as the methods which can be applied to the analysis of streams and condensate. Vol. 1: Origin and Reservoir Engineering. Vol. 3: Uses of Gas and Effects.
The aim of the book is to help students become data scientists. Since this requires a series of courses over a considerable period of time, the book intends to accompany students from the beginning to an advanced understanding of the knowledge and skills that define a modern data scientist. The book presents a comprehensive overview of the mathematical foundations of the programming language R and of its applications to data science.
The book presents a unique view of failure analysis of high technology devices. It describes capabilities and limitations of many analytical techniques and testing paths and decisions best followed in example failure analysis studies.
This book provides updated information about applications of ion chromatography (IC) in food science, such as food quality control, food authentication and analysis of residues in certain food products. Among liquid chromatography methods, IC can be considered one of the most valuable analytical tools, an advantageous environmentally friendly technique able to provide a convenient determination of various analytes such as anions, cations, organic acids, carbohydrates, amines, amino acids, aminoglycosides, proteins, peptides, etc. Recent developments such as in-line eluent generation systems, capillary IC and combustion IC, are also described. The book is intended to serve as an organized resource for students, researchers and food analysts, but can be a relevant support for researchers from related fields. It highlights that IC can be even more powerful and effi cient when more complex equipment is available, while proper knowledge empowers the user to obtain relevant data from this.
Process intensification aims for increasing efficiency and sustainability of (bio-)chemical production processes. The second book of our two-book series focusses entirely on process intensifi cation by centrifugally enhanced (reactive) separations. The book provides an overview of the main applications of rotating packed beds (RPBs) in liquid-liquid, gas-liquid and vapor-liquid contacting, within academic research and industrial applications. The book addresses current design rules and modeling frameworks, including the tailored design of functional packings by means of additive manufacturing.
- Rotating packed beds are widely applicable and fl exible mass transfer machines for process intensifi cation.
- Applications, design rules and advanced modeling for rotating packed beds are presented in an interconnected way.
Tellurium, a well-known chalcogen, finds potential applications in various fields from chemistry to other branches of science such as nanotechnology and macromolecular science. However, its safety must also be taken into consideration when exploring its industrial applications. This book explores the breadth of tellurium‘s applications, outlines strategies for industrial use, and describes the safety concerns of this element.
Nanotechnology is increasingly being utilized within the food industry to create innovative products with new or improved properties. This book introduces the history of nanotechnology applications in the food industry. It then discusses the key physicochemical and structural characteristics of the different kinds of nanoparticles found in foods, as well as showing how these characteristics lead to their unique functional attributes. Applications of nanotechnology in the food and agricultural industries are then covered, including the creation of nanopesticides, nanofertilizers, nutrient delivery systems, functional ingredients, smart packaging materials, nanofilters, and sensors, as well as for the conversion of waste materials into value-added products. Finally, the potential toxicity of both organic and inorganic nanoparticles found in foods is critically assessed. The author is a Distinguished Professor of food science who uses physics, chemistry, and biology to improve the quality, safety, and healthiness of foods. He has published over a thousand scientific articles and numerous books in this area and is currently the most highly cited food scientist in the world. He has won numerous awards for his scientific achievements. The aim of this book is to provide scientists and technologists with an understanding of the basic principles of nanotechnology and how they can be used in the food and agricultural industry to improve the quality, sustainability, safety, and healthiness of our foods.
The combustion properties of organic materials are used to assess their safety specifications. This knowledge is necessary to avoid potentially disastrous fires. The experimental determination of the combustion properties of a new organic compound is laborious and sometimes even impossible. This book describes methods for the determination and prediction of the combustion properties of organic compounds, along with some examples and exercises.
This 2nd Edition includes an updated and improved presentation of the applicationnof different new models for reliable prediction of diverse aspects of flammability of organic compounds.
This book provides an in-depth coverage of basic theories, progress and applications of sodium-ion batteries, and introduces the various technologies and mechanisms for anodes, cathodes, and electrolytes. In addition, this book gives insight into industrial applications of sodium-ion batteries.
The book explains, in an easy way, the diffi cult to grasp concepts behind 2D exotic material properties for physicists, materials scientists, and engineers. This is a new class of phenomena highlighted in 2D materials with strong implications on physics. Physics, also for complex phenomena, is explained in easy terms that are ideal for newcomers to the fi eld and advanced students alike. Theory and specifi c examples of materials and their intriguing properties are discussed focusing on the structure property relationships that govern materials science. Applications for each phenomenon are evoked and a roadmapping is performed.
Corrosion Science and Engineering is now an integral part of research throughout the world. Researchers are actively looking for an alternative eco-friendly way of developing non-toxic corrosion inhibitors from natural sources. This book discusses all the recent advancements in the corrosion field with an emphasis on natural sources which is the demand of the era to replace the commercially available toxic corrosion inhibitors.
Aromatic compounds are a diverse and fascinating class of compounds with wide-ranging importance. This book provides an overview of the synthesis and reactivity of aromatic compounds. The publication covers the many important reaction types, such as electrophilic and nucleophilic substitution, the reactivity of benzynes, aryllithium chemistry, and transition metal-mediated reactions. It also includes a discussion of the synthesis of heteroaromatic compounds, polycyclic aromatic compounds, and nonplanar aromatic systems. This book focusses on reaction mechanisms and numerous examples of applications in multistep synthesis of aromatic compounds.
This book is a comprehensive introduction to all aspects of self-reinforced polymer composites (SRCs) science and technology. After introducing the fundamental characteristics of SRCs, ample space is given to manufacturing, processing, characterization and application techniques. The approach is didactic and focused on formulations, illustrations and applications, which makes the book ideal for students, teachers and practitioners alike.
Process intensifi cation aims for increasing effi ciency and sustainability of (bio-)chemical production processes. This book presents strategies for the intensifi cation of fluid separation processes such as reactive distillation, reactive absorption and membrane assisted separations. The authors discuss theoretical fundamentals, model development, methods for synthesis and the design as well as scale-up and industrial process applications.
This book is devoted to the chemistry of oil and petroleum products and covers the broad range of topics from heavy fuel oils, crude oils and (diluted) bitumen to today‘s research on asphaltenes. Recent methods are summarized and the large new groups of chemicals found in oils are identifi ed as well as described. The work points the way for a more complete understanding of the composition of petroleum.
Highlights include:
- An update on oil fi ngerprinting
- New data using Fourier transform mass spectrometry, forensic tools for naphthenic acid fraction compounds in oil sand environmental samples
- Data on vanadium and nickel content changes in the resins of heavy oils, characteristics of their structural and group composition, and the content of heteroatomic (N, S, O) compounds
- Study of asphaltenes using direct molecular imaging employing atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) confi rming early findings of the dominance of the ‘island’ molecular structure
- An update on the Yen-Mullins model of asphaltenes in reservoirs giving the requisite solution to the asphaltene particle size, thus resolving the gravity term for thermodynamic modeling. A modifi ed polymer solution theory, the Flory-Huggins-Zuo (FHZ) EoS, is provided to model asphaltene gradients in reservoirs.
- A suite of oils from the Tarim Basin, Qaidam Basin, Ordos Basin, and Liaohe Basin, China is characterized geochemically to clarify factors that can affect the concentrations and distributions of pyrrolic nitrogen compounds (PNCs) in crude oils.
- An update on biomarkers in crude oils
- Updates on mass spectrometry techniques applicable to crude oils
This introduction to thermodynamics discusses typical phase diagrams features and presents the wide range of techniques such as Differential Scanning Calorimetry, Thermogravimetry and others. In the last part the author brings many examples for typical practical problems often solved by thermal analysis. As an instructive guideline for practitioners the work reveals the connection between experimental data and theoretical model and vice versa.
The book reviews the history of current brand and generic business in pharmaceuticals manufacturing practices. Based on examples, the reader can interpolate, extrapolate and exploit mutual behavior (physical and chemical properties) of chemicals to design and commercialize processes that fulfi ll the demands, also manipulate chemical unit processes and unit operations to reduce/minimize effl uents and lower environmental impact i.e. reduce global warming. Readers will be able to simplify process development, design and commercialize economic manufacturing processes.
Companies often struggle to turn successful research into viable commercial products, processes and systems. This book defines technology development and reveals methods to successfully evaluate, fund and commercialize a technology. Cases studies help the reader evaluate the connection between a technology and potential markets, set useful hypotheses, develop statistically valid conclusions, and apply those conclusions to business goals.
Plants produce secondary metabolites that humans harness for their own benefit. About half of drugs currently in clinical use are based on these chemicals found in nature. Chemistry of Natural Products covers secondary metabolites present in medicinal plants and their biosynthesis, biological activities, and isolation and separation techniques. This book is ideal for researchers in the areas of biochemistry, medicine, and pharmacology.
Atmospheric aerosols are an important and a highly complex component of the Earth’s atmosphere that alter the radiative forcing and the chemical composition of the gas phase. These effects have impacts on local air quality and the global climate. Atmospheric Aerosol Chemistry outlines research findings to date in aerosol chemistry and advances in analytical tools used in laboratory settings for studying their surface and bulk reactivity.
E-learning and online learning have gained in significance in recent years, not least due to the growth of home schooling and working from home sparked by Corona. This book reveals new trends, success factors, and concepts for using digital forms of teaching and learning by looking at a range of specific new examples both from the operational practice of international companies and from renowned universities.
The book covers the chronological development of synthetic approaches to make carbon nanotube mimics. It starts with the breakthrough syntheses reported in 2008 to the most recent methods to make nanobelts and short nanotubes.
Bioenhancers have been used in Ayurveda historically and are now being investigated for their pharmacological effi cacy. Herbal bioenhancers work on the gastrointestinal tract to improve absorption and drug bioavailability by acting on the drug metabolic process. Many herbal drugs show low activity due to their poor lipid solubility or improper molecular size. Piperine, gingerol, naringin, quercetin, niaziridin, glycyrrhizin, allicin, curcumin, genistein and others are able to enhance the bioavailability of active pharmaceuticals. This book details various facets of herbal bio-enhancers in a single comprehensive text.
This book covers 10 surface characterization techniques divided into three sections. The first section covers the theoretical background, instrumentation and their salient features and a general understanding behind the results. The second section delves into deeper discussion of every terminology and concept. The third section is composed of 5 sets of examples from different research papers for every technique.
The essential, intermediate and advanced topics of Simulink are covered in the book. The concept of multi-domain physical modeling concept and tools in Simulink are illustrated with examples for engineering systems and multimedia information. The combination of Simulink and numerical optimization methods provides new approaches for solving problems, where solutions are not known otherwise.
The book describes conventional metal cutting process (turning, milling, shaper, grinding, drilling), computer aided manufacturing and modern machining processes (EDM, LBM, AJM, ECM), accompanying theoretical concepts with graphical represenations. Each chapter will be followed by several problems and questions that will help the reader to signifi cantly understand the formulas and the calculations of machining responses.
Typical timelines to go from discovery to impact in the advanced materials sector are between 10 to 30 years. Advances in robotics and artificial intelligence are poised to accelerate the discovery and development of new materials dramatically. This book is a primer for any materials scientist looking to future-proof their careers and get ahead of the disruption that artificial intelligence and robotic automation is just starting to unleash. It is meant to be an overview of how we can use these disruptive technologies to augment and supercharge our abilities to discover new materials that will solve world’s biggest challenges.
- Written by world leading experts on accelerated materials discovery from academia (UC Berkeley, Caltech, UBC, Cornell, etc.), industry (Toyota Research Institute, Citrine Informatics) and national labs (National Research Council of Canada, Lawrence Berkeley National Labs).
Written by an experienced professional, this book introduces chemists to process development, using examples from the pharmaceutical, agrochemical and fragrance industries. The focus is on small molecules rather than biomolecules, and on relatively small-scale production rather than bulk petrochemicals. The coverage is broad, going from initial route development, through pilot plant operations, to full-scale production.
Are electrochemical methods like asking the crystal ball? Once you read this book about electrochemistry on the micro- and nanoscale, you know it better. This textbook presents the essentials of electrochemical theory, sheds light on the instrumentation, including details on the electronics, and in the second part, discusses a wide variety of classical and advanced methods. The third part of the book covers how to apply the techniques for selected aspects of material science, microfabrication, nanotechnology, MEMS, NEMS, and energy applications. With this book, you will be able to successfully apply the methods in the fields of sensors, neurotechnology, biomedical engineering, and electrochemical energy systems. Undergraduate or Master students can read the book linearly as a comprehensive textbook. For Ph.D. students, postdoctoral researchers as well as for researchers in industry, the book will help by its clear structure to get fast answers from a specific section.
- The detailed understanding of the methods helps the reader successfully apply electrochemistry, especially at the micro- and nanoscale.
- Selected aspects illustrate the application of electrochemical methods in the fields of sensors, neurotechnology, biomedical engineering, and electrochemical energy systems.
Biomaterials are composed of metallic materials, ceramics, polymers, composites and hybrid materials. Biomaterials used in human beings require safety regulations, toxicity, allergic reaction, etc. When used as implantable materials their biological compatibility, biomechanical compatibility, and morphological compatibility must be acessed. This book explores the design and requirements of biomaterials for the use in implantology.
This fully updated edition provides a broad approach to the surface analysis of polymers being of high technological interest. Modern analytical techniques, potential applications and recent advances in instrumental apparatus are discussed. The self-consistent chapters are devoted to spectroscopic and microscopic techniques which represent powerful tools for the characterization of morphology and chemical, physical, mechanical properties of polymer surfaces, interfaces, and thin fi lms.
- Selection of techniques which can properly address very shallow depth of surfaces, spanning from few angstroms to tens of nanometers
- Interaction of polymer surfaces with their surroundings is pointed out as a critical issue for specifi c applications
The task of flight navigation is to determine positions, bearings, and flight times on the selected route. This book presents the mathematical and physical contexts of flight navigation and provides an overview of the principles of cartography. The second edition also addresses current systems and methods for performance-based navigation, and includes a chapter about steering through air traffic control tracking systems.
The manufacture of artifi cial leather using polymeric systems is a vital component as an essential commodity for consumer, industrial and automobile applications. Both practical and exciting possibilities to the standard traditional coatings with PVC and polyurethanes with newer coatings of silicone and graphene induced coatings, and economical biomass materials as non-traditional fi llers, stiffening and softening agents are discussed.
Smart polymers react sharply to small changes in physical or chemical conditions and present an intelligent response to chemical stimuli (i.e., chemical species -including biomolecules-, pH, solvents, redox, stimuli that trigger controlled depolymerization) and physical stimuli (i.e., temperature, light, mechanical stress and electrical stimuli). For these reasons, the interest in smart polymers has recently increased exponentially, especially in biological stimuli (i.e., application of polymer-based biosensors, drug delivery, tissue engineering, precision medicine and cell therapy). This book offers a unique opportunity to review the physical-chemical fundamentals of smart polymers, and their behaviour. It also provides an excellent review of the main applications of smart polymers.
The book is a comprehensive view of all electromembrane processes, including electromembrane processes for energy conversion - a currently very significant problem. The necessary theory and basic information needed for understanding the technology are explained in Part I. Materials used for ion-selective membranes and seoaration processes are described in Part II, and the applications for synthesis and energy conversion in Part III.
What are active materials? This book aims to introduce and redefine conceptions of matter by considering materials as entities that ‘sense’ and respond to their environment. By examining the modeling of, the experiments on, and the construction of these materials, and by developing a theory of their structure, their collective activity, and their functionality, this volume identifies and develops a novel scientific approach to active materials. Moreover, essays on the history and philosophy of metallurgy, chemistry, biology, and materials science provide these various approaches to active materials with a historical and cultural context.
The interviews with experts from the natural sciences included in this volume develop new understandings of ‘active matter’ and active materials in relation to a range of research objects and from the perspective of different scientific disciplines, including biology, physics, chemistry, and materials science. These insights are complemented by contributions on the activity of matter and materials from the humanities and the design field.
- Discusses the mechanisms of active materials and their various conceptualizations in materials science.
- Redefines conceptions of active materials through interviews with experts from the natural sciences.
- Contextualizes, historizes, and reflects on different notions of matter/materials and activity through contributions from the humanities.
- A highly interdisciplinary approach to a cutting-edge research topic, with contributions from both the sciences and the humanities.
The amount of new information is constantly increasing, faster than our ability to fully interpret and utilize it to improve human experiences. Addressing this asymmetry requires novel and revolutionary scientific methods and effective human and artificial intelligence interfaces.
By lifting the concept of time from a positive real number to a 2D complex time (kime), this book uncovers a connection between artificial intelligence (AI), data science, and quantum mechanics. It proposes a new mathematical foundation for data science based on raising the 4D spacetime to a higher dimension where longitudinal data (e.g., time-series) are represented as manifolds (e.g., kime-surfaces). This new framework enables the development of innovative data science analytical methods for model-based and model-free scientific inference, derived computed phenotyping, and statistical forecasting. The book provides a transdisciplinary bridge and a pragmatic mechanism to translate quantum mechanical principles, such as particles and wavefunctions, into data science concepts, such as datum and inference-functions. It includes many open mathematical problems that still need to be solved, technological challenges that need to be tackled, and computational statistics algorithms that have to be fully developed and validated.
Spacekime analytics provide mechanisms to effectively handle, process, and interpret large, heterogeneous, and continuously-tracked digital information from multiple sources. The authors propose computational methods, probability model-based techniques, and analytical strategies to estimate, approximate, or simulate the complex time phases (kime directions). This allows transforming time-varying data, such as time-series observations, into higher-dimensional manifolds representing complex-valued and kime-indexed surfaces (kime-surfaces).
The book includes many illustrations of model-based and model-free spacekime analytic techniques applied to economic forecasting, identification of functional brain activation, and high-dimensional cohort phenotyping. Specific case-study examples include unsupervised clustering using the Michigan Consumer Sentiment Index (MCSI), model-based inference using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data, and model-free inference using the UK Biobank data archive.
The material includes mathematical, inferential, computational, and philosophical topics such as Heisenberg uncertainty principle and alternative approaches to large sample theory, where a few spacetime observations can be amplified by a series of derived, estimated, or simulated kime-phases. The authors extend Newton-Leibniz calculus of integration and differentiation to the spacekime manifold and discuss possible solutions to some of the "problems of time". The coverage also includes 5D spacekime formulations of classical 4D spacetime mathematical equations describing natural laws of physics, as well as, statistical articulation of spacekime analytics in a Bayesian inference framework.
The steady increase of the volume and complexity of observed and recorded digital information drives the urgent need to develop novel data analytical strategies. Spacekime analytics represents one new data-analytic approach, which provides a mechanism to understand compound phenomena that are observed as multiplex longitudinal processes and computationally tracked by proxy measures. This book may be of interest to academic scholars, graduate students, postdoctoral fellows, artificial intelligence and machine learning engineers, biostatisticians, econometricians, and data analysts. Some of the material may also resonate with philosophers, futurists, astrophysicists, space industry technicians, biomedical researchers, health practitioners, and the general public.
With consumer awareness increasing, the importance of the environmental impact of everyday products such as food becomes a major factor for the customer. This awareness was increased with the COVID-19 pandemic. This book introduces green and sustainable food technology and its use during a pandemic. In addition, it covers current topics such as future food processing, methods of maintaining industrial hygiene and microbiological quality and safety
Blockchains are seen as a technology for the future, which reduce the cost of trust and revolutionize transactions between individuals, companies and governments. The sense of using blockchains is to minimize the probability of errors, successful frauds and paper-intensive processes. For these reasons, blockchains already have and will have a significant impact to the society and every day’s life, especially in field of Machine to Machine (M2M) communications, which are one of the basic technologies for Internet of Things (IoT). Therefore, blockchains with their inherent property to provide security, privacy and decentralized operation are engine for todays and future reliable, autonomous and trusted IoT platforms. Specially, a disruptive role of ledger technologies in future smart personal mobility systems, which combine smart car industry, smart energy/smart cities will be explained in the book, considering its importance for development of new industrial and business models.
The authors describe a risk-based approach to commissioning and start-up of process machinery. Techniques are provided to quantify the safety risks and risks associated with machinery failure and estimated impact on start-up schedules. Examples of defining and quantifying the risks, based on the extent of the commissioning effort as a function of criticality of the machinery are offered. Also included are numerous, directly applicable checklists.
Vol. 2 of Chemoinformatics of Natural Products introduces the reader to the currently available tools for toxicity prediction, drug property prediction, an enumeration of compounds, scaffolds and functional groups in nature, computational methods for lead identification, metabolite biosynthesis, etc. Selected case studies and hands-on tutorial exercises have been included.
Current developments in high tech are being shaped by the increasing demands being placed on the performance, reliability, economy, and flexibility of technical products. Mastering tribological processes plays a key role here, as does the functionally integrative development of innovative, tribologically optimized plastics and polymer-based composites, as well as the accompanying construction methods and technologies.
Flexible and stretchable energy storage devices are increasingly being needed for a wide variety of applications such as wearable electronics, electronic papers, electronic skins, smart clothes, bendable smart phones and implantable medical devices. Wearable Energy Storage Devices discusses flexible and stretchable supercapacitors and batteries, stretchable and self-healing gel electrolytes, and hybrid wearable energy storage-harvesting devices.
This book assembles state-of-the-art approaches for harnessing light energy as a model to develop natural systems such as biofuels. After the basics and potential of photosynthesis of microalgae it discusses topics from engineering micro-algae towards increased photosynthetic efficiency till the optimization of photobioreactor techniques for enhanced biotechnological applications such as cyanobacteria.
The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in various fields is of major importance to improve the use of resourses and time. This book provides an analysis of how AI is used in both the medical field and beyond. Topics that will be covered are bioinformatics, biostatistics, dentistry, diagnosis and prognosis, smart materials, and drug discovery as they intersect with AI. Also, an outlook of the future of an AI-assisted society will be explored.
The growing interest in replacing petroleum-based products by inexpensive, renewable, natural materials will have a significant impact on sustainability, environment, and the polymer industry. This book provides scientists a useful framework to help take advantage of the latest research conducted in this rapidly advancing field enabling them to develop and commercialize their own products quickly and more successfully.
Common scale-up methods are conventional where the blind piloting is essential. This imposes huge investment and leads to failures mostly in solid processing. However, the limitations of resources, current shortcomings, short time-to-market demand are forced companies to minimize piloting. With these situations in mind, current digitalization outlook and computational facilities, we proposed and developed a novel iterative scale up method with case studies which highly expedites the process innovation through the following key sequences:
The book provides a comprehensive state-of-the-art review on the topic of bulk metallic glass matrix composites and understanding of mechanisms of development of composite microstructure. It discusses mechanisms of formation and toughening both during conventional casting routes and additive manufacturing. The second edition encompasses new studies and highlights advancement in mechanical properties, characterization, processing and applications.
In 2018, Google released Flutter, a new framework for programming apps on Android and iOS. In 2021, it developed the latest version, Flutter 2.0. The new edition of this book, updated to include Flutter 2, explains the principles of app programming using Flutter and the programming language Dart. It utilizes practical examples to explain important topics like how to deal with media files or connect to cloud services.
Volume 1 deals with the origins of process gases and describes recovery, properties and composition. It covers as well the shale gas, the production from hydrocarbon rich deep shale formations, being one of the most quickly expanding trends in onshore domestic gas exploration.
Vol. 2: Composition and Processing of Gas Streams.
Vol. 3: Uses of Gas and Effects.
The book starts with the assumption that vagueness is a fundamental property of this world. From a philosophical account of vagueness via the presentation of alternative mathematics of vagueness, the subsequent chapters explore how vagueness manifests itself in the various exact sciences: physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, computer science, and engineering.
<With nanotechnology being a relatively new field, the questions regarding safety and ethics are steadily increasing with the development of the research. This book aims to give an overview on the ethics associated with employing nanoscience for products with everyday applications. The risks as well as the regulations are discussed, and an outlook for the future of nanoscience on a manufacturer’s scale and for the society is provided.
Handbook of Nanoethics is perfect for , academicians and scientist, as well as all other industry professionals and researchers. It is a good introduction for newcomers in the field who do not want to dive deep into the details but are eager to understand the ethical challenges and possible solution related to nanotechnology and ethics.
Biopharmaceuticals, medicines made by or from living organisms (including cells from living organisms), are extremely effective in treating a broad range of diseases. Their importance to human health has grown significantly over the years as more biopharmaceutical products have entered the market, and now the biggest selling drugs in the world are biopharmaceuticals. Biopharmaceutical Manufacturing: Principles, Processes and Practices provides concise, comprehensive, and up-to-date coverage of biopharmaceutical manufacturing. Written in a clear and informal style, the content has been influenced by the authors’ substantial industry experience and teaching expertise. That expertise enables the authors to address the many questions posed over the years both by university students and professionals with experience in the field. Consequently, the book will appeal both to undergraduate or graduate students using it as a textbook and specialized industry practitioners seeking to understand the big picture of biopharmaceutical manufacturing. This book:
Nanoscale control of order and orientation is essential for optimizing the performance of conjugated polymers. These semi-crystalline materials enable flexible devices for electronic, optical, electrochemical, and thermoelectric applications and are also of interest for the emerging fields of bioelectronics and spintronics.
Carbon dioxide reduction is a key research challenge in the global mission to reduce CO2 emissions. The process presents a unique challenge in that it can produce several different products, presenting the user with the challenge of selectively and efficiently producing on single useful material. This book presents an introduction to the field, covering the chemical reactions involved, the range of innovative materials and reactor designs most recently developed, and the future targets that need to be met.
This book gives an advanced overview of several topics in infinite group theory. It can also be considered as a rigorous introduction to combinatorial and geometric group theory. The philosophy of the book is to describe the interaction between these two important parts of infinite group theory. In this line of thought, several theorems are proved multiple times with different methods either purely combinatorial or purely geometric while others are shown by a combination of arguments from both perspectives.
The first part of the book deals with Nielsen methods and introduces the reader to results and examples that are helpful to understand the following parts. The second part focuses on covering spaces and fundamental groups, including covering space proofs of group theoretic results. The third part deals with the theory of hyperbolic groups. The subjects are illustrated and described by prominent examples and an outlook on solved and unsolved problems.
Water resource systems and technologies are important fields in engineering today. This book will discuss various areas on water resource management. Topics discussed include water harvesting techniques, waste water purification, and urban water systems as well as concrete, pavement, and mortar stabilizers, and earthquake resistance technologies and how they relate to water management systems.
Industrial residues are obtained from all treatments of raw materials in industry during the process of mining, raw materials treatment and final usage. During these processes of enrichment, optimization and utilization of raw materials only part of the original material can be used for the dedicated application and some left-over parts remain. This contribution focuses on residues like mining overburdens, ore residues and ore processing residues like slags, but also on incineration ashes and water purification muds. Natural materials like pozzolanes, due to their potential of CO2-reduction, are also included. Based on this knowledge secondary reusable materials due to their chemical, physical and mineralogical properties can be identified. Also different characterization methods for analysing the potential for further application of these residues are included.
Modern cancer research is a high-tech undertaking, overlapping with many fields in the physical sciences. These include nanotechnology, engineering, immunology, and bioinformatics. This book focuses on the science and technology underlying the diagnosis and treatement of cancer. The authors offer insights into technologies including radiotherapy, modelling, and drug encapsulation.
A wide range of chemical products (especially fine chemicals) are important for a healthy and enjoyable modern life; therefore efficient syntheses of these materials are essential. Traditional stoichiometric processes need to be replaced by modern catalytical methods in the change to sustainable chemistry and the production of lower amounts of waste.
This book summarizes the wide variety of catalytic methods that have been developed and applied on an industrial scale in recent years to fulfill this goal. The synthesis of compound classes such as pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, flavoring, and fragrance compounds as well as food additives such as vitamins exemplify the use of these modern catalytic methods in the modern chemical industry.
The book provides a qualified and fast view into the world of TPE including the difference to rubber materials. It describes their classification as they are presented in the market, characterization, manufacturing, processing and behavior. Aside from the self-learning option, it is a companion to seminars and studies about elastomers.
The book provides a qualified and fast view into the world of TPE including the difference to rubber materials. It describes their classification as they are presented in the market, characterization, manufacturing, processing and behavior. Aside from the self-learning option, it is a companion to seminars and studies about elastomers.
The two-volume work presents applications of integrated membrane operations in agro-food productions with significant focus on product quality, recovery of high added-value compounds, reduction of energy consumption and environmental impact.
Volume 1. Dairy, Wine and Oil Processing.
Volume 2. Wellness Ingredients and Juice Processing.
The two-volume work presents applications of integrated membrane operations in agro-food productions with significant focus on product quality, recovery of high added-value compounds, reduction of energy consumption and environmental impact.
Volume 1. Dairy, Wine and Oil Processing.
Volume 2. Wellness Ingredients and Juice Processing.
Recent years has seen a tremendous growth in interest for solid state batteries based on polymer electrolytes, with advantages of higher safety, energy density, and ease of processing. The book explains which polymer properties guide the performance of the solid-state device, and how these properties are best determined. It is an excellent guide for students, newcomers and experts in the area of solid polymer electrolytes.
This book will focus on utilizing statistical modelling of the software source code, in order to resolve issues associated with the software development processes. Writing and maintaining software source code is a costly business; software developers need to constantly rely on large existing code bases. Statistical modelling identifies the patterns in software artifacts and utilize them for predicting the possible issues.
The knowledge about crystal structure and its correlation with physical properties is the prerequisite for designing new materials with taylored properties. This work provides for researchers and graduates a valuable resource on various techniques for crystal structure determinations. By discussing a broad range of different materials and tools the authors enable the understanding of why a material might be suitable for a particular application.
The book introduces the programming language Dart, the language used for Flutter programming. It then explains the basics of app programming with Flutter in version 2. Using practical examples such as a games app, a chat app and a drawing app, important aspects such as the handling of media files or the connection of cloud services are explained. The programming of mobile as well as desktop applications is discussed.
New important features of Dart 2.12 and Flutter 2 are described:
- Null safety
- Desktop Applications
Targeted readers are people with some background in programming, such as students or developers.
The sample projects from the book are available for download on the following GitHub repository: https://github.com/meillermedia
Over time, more branches may be added. However, the default branches are those that correspond to the state in the book.
Starting with an overview of current research progresses on multiple access technology, the book then presents the theoretical fundamentals, technical principles, transmission scheme, key technologies and evaluation results of new multi-access technologies, especially focusing on its typical applications 5G communication systems. With extensive practical cases, it is an essential reference for researchers, engineers and graduate students.
Photovoltaic modules have developed into mass products sold in billions and applied all over the world enabling a renewable energy supply. Reliability and sustainability are key factors for the success of Photovoltaics in all climate zones. The second edition of this interdisciplinary book provides insight into relevant environmental aspects (climates), material and module testing equipment and approaches, service life prediction modelling and standardisation of wafer-based photovoltaic modules. The book also addresses recent research and developments on the sustainability assessment of photovoltaic modules including end of life measures and legislation.
This book brings together experts from research and practice. It includes the design of innovative Robot Process Automation (RPA) concepts, the discussion of related research fields (e.g., Artificial Intelligence, AI), the evaluation of existing software products, and findings from real-life implementation projects.
Similar to the substitution of physical work in manufacturing (blue collar automation), Robotic Process Automation tries to substitute intellectual work in office and administration processes with software robots (white-collar automation). The starting point for the development of RPA was the observation that – despite the use of process-oriented enterprise systems (such as ERP, CRM and BPM systems) – additional manual activities are still indispensable today. In the RPA approach, these manual activities are learned and automated by software robots, either by defining rules or by observing manual activities.
RPA is related to business process management, machine learning, and artificial intelligence. Tools for RPA originated from dedicated stand-alone software. Today, RPA functionalities are also integrated into elaborated process management suites. From a conceptual perspective, RPA can be structured into input components (sensors in the wide sense), an intelligence center, and output components (actuators in the wide sense). From a strategic perspective, the impact of RPA can be related to the support of existing tasks, the complete substitution of human activities, and the innovation of processes as well as business models.
At present, high expectations are related to the use of RPA in the improvement of software-supported business processes. Manual activities are learned and automated by software robots that interact with existing applications via the presentation layer. In combination with artificial intelligence (AI) as well as innovative interfaces (e. g., voice recognition) RPA creates a novel level of automation for office and administration processes. Its benefit potential reaches a return on investment (ROI) up-to 800% that is documented in various case studies.
The work introduces Einstein's special theory of relativity in understandable steps by gradually introducing objects and constructing coordinate systems, starting with empty space. Difficult trains of thought guide the reader safely to the measurements using a special notation. In this way, the author enables a real understanding of the Lorentz transformations and the famous formula E=mc2.
As chemical bonds are not observable, there are various theories and models for their description. This book presents a selection of conceptually very different and historically competing views on chemical bonding analysis from quantum chemistry and quantum crystallography. It not only explains the principles and theories behind the methods, but also provides practical examples of how to derive bonding descriptors with modern software and of how to interpret them.
Water resource management consists of planning, developing, distributing and managing the available water resources. With increasing urbanization, optimized water management becomes more demanding. This book presents innovative solutions for present as well as future challenges we are facing in water conservation, recycling and reuse.
With 5G, telecommunications networks have entered a new phase. 5G mobile networks use unique concepts and technologies to deliver current and future applications across a wide spectrum, from high bit-rate smartphones to high-availability car-to-x and mass IoT applications.
This book on 5G technology starts with the evolution of mobile networks to 5G. It then addresses basic concepts and technologies such as NGN, IMS, virtualization with NFV and MEC, SDN, and Service Function Chaining.
The 5G environment is comprehensively presented, starting with use cases and usage scenarios and moving on to concrete requirements, as well as the standardization at ITU and especially 3GPP, including regulation.
In this context, the 5G system design, the 5G access networks with their high-performance transmission technology, and the core network with the innovative concepts of Service Based Architecture and Network Slicing play a significant role. A 5G system is presented here in an integrated view, rounded off by an overview of all relevant IT security aspects.
The overall view is concluded by looking at the environmental influences of electromagnetic radiation and the energy and raw material resources requirements. Furthermore, the future development of 5G up to 6G is outlined.
The book's main objective is to provide people interested in 5G technology and application scenarios with a well-founded knowledge for an introduction to 5G and encourage further discussion of this topic. The target audience is generally technically interested persons, mostly employees of public and private network operators. This book should be of particular interest, especially within the IT departments of potential 5G user companies, and of course, among computer science and electrical engineering students.
The book defines the differences between synthetic and natural superabsorbent polymers. It describes polymerization techniques, processing strategies and the use and importance of smart SAPs. It also includes SAP design to aid in selection of the best SAP for a specific application. The book is an indispensible resource for any academics and industrials interested in SAPs.
This textbook summarizes physical aspects of materials at atomic and molecular level, and discusses micro-structure of metals, alloys, ceramics and polymers. It further explains point defects, dislocations and surface imperfections, and the motions of atoms and molecular in solid state. As first volume in the set, it prepares students for further studies on phases and transitions which are discussed in the next volume.
The book provides an introduction to the topic of magnesium materials for biomedical applications. Additional to the background on magnesium’s physical, chemical and mechanical properties, areas of use, related diseases and pathways for biodegradation will be discussed. Also, an outlook of the future of magnesium material applications will be provided.
This textbook summarizes physical aspects of materials at atomic and molecular level, and discusses micro-structure of metals, alloys, ceramics and polymers. It further explains point defects, dislocations and surface imperfections, and the motions of atoms and molecular in solid state. As first volume in the set, it prepares students for further studies on phases and transitions which are discussed in the next volume.
This book focuses on the mechanical properties and performance of products made of fiber-based materials. It helps students to develop skills for solving problems of product performance and engineering challenges in product development. Organized with a problem-based approach - practical examples of product performance are presented and the relevant mechanics are analyzed to deduce which material properties control the performance. The new edition covers state-of-the-art and green technologies as modeling of fiber networks and applications of nanocellulose.
Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) is a powerful computational tool to mimic the learning process of the mammalian brain. This book gives a comprehensive overview of ANNs including an introduction to the topic, classifications of single neurons and neural networks, model predictive control and a review of ANNs used in food processing. Also, examples of ANNs in food processing applications such as pasteurization control are illustrated.
Food Science and Technology: Trends and Future Prospects presents different aspects of food science i.e., food microbiology, food chemistry, nutrition, process engineering that should be applied for selection, preservation, processing, packaging, and distribution of quality food. The authors focus on the fundamental aspects of food and also highlight emerging technology and innovations that are changing the food industry. The chapters are written by leading researchers, lecturers, and experts in food chemistry, food microbiology, biotechnology, nutrition, and management. This book is valuable for researchers and students in food science and technology and it is also useful for food industry professionals, food entrepreneurs, and farmers.
Mechanochemistry has been recently ackwnoledged by IUPAC as one of the top ten emerging technologies in chemistry, answering to the increased demand for clean processes and sustainable reaction conditions. This book focuses on the rediscovery of mechanochemistry for inorganic, organic and organo-metallic materials. Focus on experimental techniques and equipment will show how to implement mechanochemistry as an innovative way to sustainability in academic laboratories. The contents are ideal for researchers starting off in industry and academia, as well as advanced students.
This textbook illustrates one-component phase diagrams, binary equilibrium phase diagrams and ternary phase diagrams for ceramics, polymers and alloys by presenting case studies on preparation processes, and provides up-to-date information on nano-crystal materials, non-crystal materials and functional materials. As second volume in the set, it is an extension of the first volume on physical aspect of materials.
Bessel functions have the peculiarity of being functions of two independent variables: argument and order. They have been studied extensively because of their countless applications, but the vast majority of available literature is devoted to the case of fixed order, variable argument. This two-volume work explores the opposite case.
This volume focuses on properties of the functions and mathematical operations with respect to the order.
The editors and authors, with backgrounds in academia and industry, tie together recent and established technologies for the upcoming change to sustainable industrial chemistry. The extensive worldwide activities towards that goal are exemplified with a series of green processes. Some of these processes are already commercially applied (squalene to squalane, hydraulic fluids from vegetable oils, biosourced polycarbonates), others are ready for a large scale implementation (glycerol to acrylic acid, biosourced acrylonitrile and levulinic acid, polyamides from fatty nitriles-esters hydrogenation, butadiene from bioethanol) or are being developed (cyclic carbonates from epoxides, selective pyrolysis of biomass). This book is an indispensable source for the researchers and professionals who work for a greener chemical industry. The chapters have been arranged to guide students through the design of new processes for more sustainable chemistry, using case studies as examples.
Offers the reader a modern approach to reactor description and modelling. Using the widely applied numerical language MATLAB, it provides the reader with categorized groups of general code for a wide variety of chemical reactors. Being designed as a tool for researchers and professionals, the code can easily be extended and adapted by the reader to their own specific problems.
The book presents, in a unified manner, various crystallization design methods. It discusses in detail the geometric framework for representing complex phase behavior involving multiple solutes, enantiomers, hydrates, compounds, polymorphs, and solid solutions through visualization of high-dimensional phase diagrams. It also describes how the impact of transport processes is accounted for using kinetically controlled process paths.
The book systematically presents fundamental principles, properties, implementation methodologies, technologies and applications of polymer synthesis. Ring opening metathesis polymerization, click chemistry, macromolecular self-assembly, carbon nanomaterials and their modification with polymers are discussed in detail. With abundant illustrations, it is an essential reference for polymer chemists, material scientists, and graduate students.
How to get the best out of solar cells, when aiming for efficiency, power, reliability, and cost? After decades of R&D focus on the cell, recently the module has entered the stage and demonstrated huge innovation potential.
Photovoltaic Module Technology provides unique insights into state-of-the-art materials, design strategies, manufacturing techniques, and characterization methods of wafer-based photovoltaic modules. Many properties of solar cells are highly relevant for module integration. They set the starting point for understanding the implications of different interconnection and encapsulation technologies. Module design and the choice of materials are described for both state-of-the-art and advanced module technology, with special attention attributed to the key processes of module assembly.
This work introduces into the chemistry, materials science and technology of Rare Earth Elements. The chapters by experienced lecturers describe comprehensively the recent studies of their characteristics, properties and applications in functional materials. Due to the broad range of covered topics as hydrogen storage materials, LEDs or permanent magnets this work gives an up-to-date presentation of this fascinating research.
The book introduces fundamental principles, phase structure, mechanism, mechanical properties, and different types of multicomponent polymers. Rheological properties, graft copolymers, block copolymers and interpenetrating polymer networks are discussed in detail as well. With abundant illustrations, it is an essential reference for polymer chemists, material scientists and graduate students.
This book uses an array of different approaches to describe photosynthesis, ranging from the subjectivity of human perception to the mathematical rigour of quantum electrodynamics. This interdisciplinary work draws from fields as diverse as astronomy, agriculture, classical and quantum optics, and biology in order to explain the working principles of photosynthesis in plants and cyanobacteria.
Polymers are converted into finished products through a series of steps which include mixing in additives and various types of forming. Following an introduction to polymer science and its importance to various fields, the author describes these processes from a practical, application-oriented perspective. Global suppliers of raw materials, machinery and equipment are also given, making this book an invaluable resource for industry practitioners.
This book gives an introduction to the highly interdisciplinary field of biomaterials. It concisely summarizes properties, synthesis and modification of materials such as metals, ceramics, polymers or composites. Characterization, in vitro and in vivo testing as well as a selection of various applications are also part of this inevitable guide.
Nickel-Titanium alloys are smart materials exhibiting unique properties such as superelasticity and shape-memory effect. The material has been used as orthodontic wires in the dental field for over 20 years. This book is a comprehensive overview to the field of Ni-Ti Materials and the physical, chemical and mechanical properties of this versatile alloy. In addition, complications and challenges exhibited in applications are also discussed.
This book will provide a comprehensive overview on the green approach to the research and industrialization of plastic materials. An effort will be made to offer to the reader a critical perspective concerning both oil-based plastics and novel bio-based and waste-derived polymer formulations. A special focus on bio-innovation in the area of organic materials will also be delivered.
This book is essential reading for scientists and students interested in both organic and inorganic chemical technology. The authors cover the production of chemical reagents as well as trends from adjacent fields including biotechnology and process simulation. Chemical Technologies and Processes is of interest to chemical engineers, materials scientists, as well as chemists in both academia and industry.
Mit 5G hat die Entwicklung der Mobilfunknetze oder überhaupt der Telekommunikationsnetze stark an Fahrt aufgenommen. 5G-Mobilfunknetze nutzen neue Konzepte und Technologien, um heutige und zukünftige Applikationen von hochbitratigen Smartphone- über hochverfügbare Car-to-X- und Smart Grid- bis hin zu Industrie 4.0- bzw. generell IoT-Anwendungen bereitzustellen.
Dieses erste deutschsprachige Buch zur 5G-Technik beginnt mit der Evolution bei den Mobilfunknetzen hin zu 5G und geht in der Folge auf die Basiskonzepte und -technologien wie NGN, IMS, die Virtualisierung mit NFV und MEC sowie SDN und Service Function Chaining ein.
Die besondere Herangehensweise an 5G über Anwendungsfälle und Einsatzszenarien hin zu konkreten Anforderungen sowie die Standardisierung bei ITU und vor allem 3GPP sowie die Regulierung werden aufgezeigt.
Breiten Raum nehmen das Design von 5G-Systemen, die 5G-Zugangsnetze mit ihrer leistungsstarken Übertragungstechnik sowie das Kernnetz mit den innovativen Konzepten der Service Based Architecture und des Network Slicing ein. Erstmalig wird hier ein 5G-System in einer Gesamtsicht dargestellt, abgerundet durch einen Überblick über alle relevanten IT Security-Aspekte.
Abgeschlossen wird die Gesamtbetrachtung durch einen Blick auf die Umwelteinflüsse durch die elektromagnetische Strahlung sowie die Energie- und Rohstoffbedarfe. Darüber hinaus wird die Weiterentwicklung bei 5G bis hin zu 6G skizziert.
Hauptziel des Buches ist es, an 5G-Technik und -Anwendungsszenarien interessierten Personen fundiertes 5G-Wissen zu vermitteln und zur weiteren Auseinandersetzung mit diesem Themengebiet anzuregen. Angesprochen sind allgemein technisch Interessierte, speziell Mitarbeitende von öffentlichen und privaten Netzbetreibern. Interesse sollte dieses Buch auch in den IT-Abteilungen möglicher 5G-Anwenderfirmen wecken, nicht zuletzt natürlich bei Studierenden der Informatik und Elektrotechnik.
The book provides an up-to-date on machine learning and visual perception, including decision tree, Bayesian learning, support vector machine, AdaBoost, object detection, compressive sensing, deep learning, and reinforcement learning. Both classic and novel algorithms are introduced. With abundant practical examples, it is an essential reference to students, lecturers, professionals, and any interested lay readers.
Self-organization of matter is observed in every context and on all scales, from the nanoscale of quantum fields and subatomic particles to the macroscale of galaxy superclusters. This book analyzes the wide range of patterns of organization present in nature, highlighting their similarities rather than their differences. This unconventional approach results in an illuminating read which should be part of any Physics student's background.
This book presents the aspects of cellulose obtained in correlation with its integration into the new concept of biorefining. The authors detail the individual steps of pulp manufacture as well as properties and fiber characterization techniques for paper, cellulose derivatives and processing by-products. This book is of interest to scientists and advanced students working in the fields of renewable resources and biorefining.
Iterative Methods for Fixed Points of Nonlinear Operators offers an introduction into iterative methods of fixed points for nonexpansive mappings, pseudo-contrations in Hilbert Spaces and in Banach Spaces. Iterative methods of zeros for accretive mappings in Banach Spaces and monotone mappings in Hilbert Spaces are also discussed. It is an essential work for mathematicians and graduate students in nonlinear analysis.
In order best exploit the incredible quantities of data being generated in most diverse disciplines data sciences increasingly gain worldwide importance. The book gives the mathematical foundations to handle data properly. It introduces basics and functionalities of the R programming language which has become the indispensable tool for data sciences. Thus it delivers the reader the skills needed to build own tool kits of a modern data scientist.
Mainframe computers are re-emerging as critical elements in server consolidation processes and cloud computing. Typical areas of application include the highly reliable processing of mass data (insurance company data, flight reservation systems, ERP systems). The book describes the principles of computer architecture as well as operating systems and languages (JCL, Rexx, Bluemix z/OS, Connect EE). Numerous application examples augment the theory.
This MATLAB SET is from the viewpoint of an engineering professor, concentrating on solving various applied mathematical problems with tools. Many innovative skills and general-purpose solvers are provided to solve problems with MATLAB, whereas not possible by any other existing solvers, so as to better illustrate the applications of computer tools in solving mathematical problems in every mathematics branches.
Ende 2018 veröffentlichte Google Flutter, ein neues Framework zur Programmierung von Apps für Android und iOS. Das Buch gibt eine Einführung in die Programmiersprache Dart, der Sprache, in der für Flutter programmiert wird. Danach werden die Grundlagen der App-Programmierung mit Flutter beschrieben. Anhand praxisnaher Beispiele werden anschließend wichtige Aspekte, wie der Umgang mit Mediendateien oder die Anbindung von Cloud-Services, erklärt.
Das Buch setzt sich mit spezifischen Themen der App-Entwicklung auseinander und richtet sich an Einsteiger und Profis; grundlegende Kenntnisse in einer objektorientierten Programmiersprache werden vorausgesetzt.
This book discusses methods for the assessment of energetic compounds through heat of detonation, detonation pressure, velocity and temperature, Gurney energy and power. The authors focus on the detonation pressure and detonation velocity of non-ideal aluminized energetic compounds. This 2nd Edition includes an updated and improved presentation of simple, reliable methods for the design, synthesis and development of novel energetic compounds.
This book uses MATLAB/Simulink software to present several critical themes related to multirate systems, filter banks, and wavelets. These themes are first presented intuitively with illustrations, followed by mathematical treatments, and conclude with lucid simulations in MATLAB/Simulink. The simulations make it possible to circumvent burdensome mathematical demonstrations.
Bessel functions have the peculiarity of being functions of two independent variables: argument and order. They have been studied extensively because of their countless applications, but the vast majority of available literature is devoted to the case of fixed order, variable argument. This two-volume work explores the opposite case.
This volume focuses on properties of the functions and mathematical operations with respect to the order.
Bessel functions have the peculiarity of being functions of two independent variables: argument and order. They have been studied extensively because of their countless applications, but the vast majority of available literature is devoted to the case of fixed order, variable argument. This two-volume work explores the opposite case.
This volume collects tabulations of the first, second, and third derivatives with respect to the order.
This book offers an in-depth discussion related to metrological aspects of automated tests. The accuracy of experimental estimates of test object performance is examined from the standpoint of their statistical variance and systematic biases.
The proposed metrological model of automated tests allows to determine the metrological characteristics of measurement means using data from their static and dynamic calibrations. Knowledge of these characteristics provides an ability to examine their impact on the accuracy of test results for the purposes of estimating statistical uncertainties caused by instrumentation errors and eliminating biases that occur as a consequence of inertial properties of measurement means.
Optimization of requirements for measurement errors to ensure a given accuracy of test results is discussed as well.
Proposed approaches and described methods are illustrated by test examples of turbomachinery products.
This book focuses on solving optimization problems with MATLAB. Descriptions and solutions of nonlinear equations of any form are studied first. Focuses are made on the solutions of various types of optimization problems, including unconstrained and constrained optimizations, mixed integer, multiobjective and dynamic programming problems. Comparative studies and conclusions on intelligent global solvers are also provided.
This book focuses the solutions of differential equations with MATLAB. Analytical solutions of differential equations are explored first, followed by the numerical solutions of different types of ordinary differential equations (ODEs), as well as the universal block diagram based schemes for ODEs. Boundary value ODEs, fractional-order ODEs and partial differential equations are also discussed.
This book focuses on solving practical problems in calculus with MATLAB. Descriptions and sketching of functions and sequences are introduced first, followed by the analytical solutions of limit, differentiation, integral and function approximation problems of univariate and multivariate functions. Advanced topics such as numerical differentiations and integrals, integral transforms as well as fractional calculus are also covered in the book.
This book presents fundamentals in MATLAB programming, including data and statement structures, control structures, function writing and bugging in MATLAB programming, followed by the presentations of algebraic computation, transcendental function evaluations and data processing. Advanced topics such as MATLAB interfacing, object-oriented programming and graphical user interface design are also addressed.
This book focuses the solutions of linear algebra and matrix analysis problems, with the exclusive use of MATLAB. The topics include representations, fundamental analysis, transformations of matrices, matrix equation solutions as well as matrix functions. Attempts on matrix and linear algebra applications are also explored.
The current textbook is an excellent inroduction to the chemistry of the non-metallic elements. The book begins by reviewing the key theoretical concepts of chemical bonding and the properties of different bonding types. Subsequent chapters are focused on reactions, structures and applications of the non-metallic compounds. Combining careful pedagogy and clear writing style, the textbook is a must-have for students studying inorganic chemistry.
Vol. 1 of Chemoinformatics of Natural Products presents an overview of natural products chemistry, discussing the chemical space of naturally occurring compounds, followed by an overview of computational methods.
Flight navigation is concerned with determining positions, bearings, and flight times for a selected route. This book presents a non-system-dependent mathematical and physical approach to flight navigation. In addition, it provides an overview of the essential principles of cartography. The theory is amply illustrated with examples.
Product-driven process design – from molecule to enterprise provides process engineers and process engineering students with access to a modern and stimulating methodology to process and product design.
Throughout the book the links between product design and process design become evident while the reader is guided step-by-step through the different stages of the intertwining product and process design activities. Both molecular and enterprise-wide considerations in design are introduced and addressed in detail. Several examples and case studies in emerging areas such as bio- and food-systems, pharmaceuticals and energy are discussed and presented. This book is an excellent guide and companion for undergraduate, graduate students as well as professional practitioners.
Environmental Functional Nanomaterials covers the molecular structure and properties of nanomaterials used to remove refractory pollutants from industrial wastewaters and the environment with high efficiency. Insights into the innovations in the production of these new nanomaterials are provided. This book is ideal for career starters and students of materials science, environmental science, and chemistry.
This is the third edition of the well-known guide to close-range photogrammetry. It provides a thorough presentation of the methods, mathematics, systems and applications which comprise the subject of close-range photogrammetry, which uses accurate imaging techniques to analyse the three-dimensional shape of a wide range of manufactured and natural objects.
Die bis heute anhaltende Spitzenstellung des deutschen Maschinenbaus verdankt sich der Genialität, dem Erfindergeist und der Innova-tionskraft mehrerer Generationen von Forschern, Ingenieuren und Konstrukteuren. Doch viele andere Nationen haben inzwischen auf-geholt und konkurrieren um die Gunst der Investoren. Neben technischer und funktionaler Innovation ist im Ringen um die Spitze daher zunehmend die verkäuferische gefordert. Hierzu bildet das Instrumentarium von Produktmarketing die ideale Grundlage. Es ist die Zielsetzung dieser Publikation, Einblicke zu geben, wie Produktmarketing im Maschinenbau strukturiert, systematisch abgeleistet und in eine höhere Form der Marktwirksamkeit überführt werden kann, die wir VAP-Strategie nennen (Value Added Production). VAP zielt darauf ab, technische und kaufmännische Nutzenargumente zu bilden, zu bündeln und diese mit der gewählten Geschäftsstrategie des Kunden wirkungsvoll zu verbinden. Hieraus entsteht maximale Nachhaltigkeit auf beiden Seiten, beim Kunden und beim Hersteller – eine potentielle Win-win-Situation.
The conversion of CO2 to chemicals and consumables is a pioneering approach to utilize undesired CO2 emissions and simultaneously create new products out of sustainable feedstock. Volume 2 describes several routes to transform CO2 into various compounds by catalytic and electrochemical as well as photo- and plasma induced reactions. Both volumes are also included in a set ISBN 978-3-11-066549-9.
The conversion of CO2 to chemicals and consumables is a pioneering approach to utilize undesired CO2 emissions and simultaneously create new products out of sustainable feedstock. Volume 1 gives an introduction to CO2 chemistry, utilisation and sustainability and further discusses its capture and separation. Both volumes are also included in a set ISBN 978-3-11-066549-9.
Intensified processes have found widespread application in the chemical and petrochemical industries. The use of intensified systems allows for a reduction of operating costs and supports the “greening” of chemical processes. However, the design of intensified equipment requires special methodologies. This book describes the fundamentals and applications of these design methods, making it a valuable resource for use in both industry and academia.
The book creates a bridge between abstract mathematical theory and its practical implementation. It presents the mathematical foundations for the processes in easily understandable form, building only on a few elements of basic mathematical knowledge that belong in the engineer’s basic toolkit. The examples are processed using C++, and the book includes extensive listings in C++ source code.
This publication provides the scientific fundamentals for understanding chemical, physical and biological processes that are used in drinking water treatment, such as filtration, coagulation, softening, deironing, demanganization and others. Written in a compact and easily accessible form, the book is focused on the objectives, the theoretical basics and the practical implementation of the treatment processes.
Industrial Biotechnology summarizes different aspects of plant biotechnology such as using plants as sustainable resources, phytomedical applications, phytoremedation and genetic engineering of plant systems. These topics are discussed from an academic as well industrial perspective and thus highlight recent developments but also practical aspects of modern biotechnology.
Personalized and adaptive systems employ user models to adapt content, services, interaction or navigation to individual users’ needs. User models can be inferred from implicitly observed information, such as the user’s interaction history or current location, or from explicitly entered information, such as user profile data or ratings. Applications of personalization include item recommendation, location-based services, learning assistance and the tailored selection of interaction modalities.
With the transition from desktop computers to mobile devices and ubiquitous environments, the need for adapting to changing contexts is even more important. However, this also poses new challenges concerning privacy issues, user control, transparency, and explainability. In addition, user experience and other human factors are becoming increasingly important.
This book describes foundations of user modeling, discusses user interaction as a basis for adaptivity, and showcases several personalization approaches in a variety of domains, including music recommendation, tourism, and accessible user interfaces.
This book outlines key concepts and guidelines for ensuring information security awareness, addressing in detail governance, compliance, and learning processes. From choosing media to integrating new hires, the book provides a comprehensive range of configuration options for raising security awareness. It can serve as a guide or reference work for specialists and managers in information security, or as an introduction to the topic.
Advanced Aerospace Materials is intended for engineers and students of aerospace, materials, and mechanical engineering. It covers the transition from aluminum to composite materials for aerospace structures and will include essential and advanced analyses used in today’s aerospace industries. Various aspects of design, failure and monitoring of structural components will be derived and presented accompanied by relevant formulas and analyses.
The last two decades have seen electrospinning of nanofibers performed mainly from solutions of toxic organic solvents. The increase in demand for scaling up electrospinning in recent years therefore requires an environmentally friendly process free of organic solvents. This book addresses techniques for clean and safe electrospinning in the fabrication of green nanofibers and their potential applications.
This book aims at presenting, describing, and summarizing the latest advances in polymer flooding regarding the chemical synthesis of the EOR agents and the numerical simulation of compositional models in porous media, including a description of the possible applications of nanotechnology acting as a booster of traditional chemical EOR processes.
A large part of the world economy depends nowadays on non-renewable energy sources, most of them of fossil origin. Though the search for and the development of newer, greener, and more sustainable sources have been going on for the last decades, humanity is still fossil-fuel dependent. Primary and secondary oil recovery techniques merely produce up to a half of the Original Oil In Place. Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) processes are aimed at further increasing this value. Among these, chemical EOR techniques (including polymer flooding) present a great potential in low- and medium-viscosity oilfields.
• Describes recent advances in chemical enhanced oil recovery.
• Contains detailed description of polymer flooding and nanotechnology as promising boosting tools for EOR.
• Includes both experimental and theoretical studies.
About the Authors
Patrizio Raffa
is Assistant Professor at the University of Groningen. He focuses on design and synthesis of new polymeric materials optimized for industrial applications such as EOR, coatings and smart materials. He (co)authored about 40 articles in peer reviewed journals.
Pablo Druetta
works as lecturer at the University of Groningen (RUG) and as engineering consultant. He received his Ph.D. from RUG in 2018 and has been teaching at a graduate level for 15 years. His research focus lies on computational fluid dynamics (CFD).
The expanded edition focuses still more on Synthesis discussing necessary requirements for sample preparation and presents the broad range from structural analysis to property investigations. Additional examples of chemical and physical properties are highlighted for metallic, binary and multinary intermetallic compounds.
The work contains an up-dated literature overview in all sub-chapters and a detailed formulae index.
Single-Use Technology (SUT) is the first comprehensive publication of practical considerations for each stage of the implementation process of SUT, and covers the selection, specification, design and qualification of systems to meet end-user requirements.
Having become readily available for all processing operations within the biopharmaceutical industry, SUT has the potential to reduce capital costs, improve plant throughput and reduce the risk of cross-contamination. However, there are no clear guidelines to aid the end-user on implementation of these technologies into a validated, good manufacturing practice (GMP) environment.
This book presents approaches for the implementation within various end-user facilities and systems, SUT within regulatory frameworks (ICH Q8, Q9, Q10 and GMP), standardisation and assessment strategies, specifation of user requirements and SUT design, risk assessment and evaluation as well as qualification for different SUT types.
Membranes for Low Temperature Fuel Cells provides a comprehensive review of novel and state-of-the-art polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) membranes. The author highlights requirements and considerations for a membrane as an integral part of PEMFC and its interactions with other components. It is an indispensible resource for anyone interested in new PEMFC membrane materials and concerned with the development, optimisation and testing of such membranes.
Various composite membranes (polymer and non-polymer) are discussed along with analyses of the latest fi ller materials like graphene, ionic liquids, polymeric ionic liquids, nanostructured metal oxides and membrane concepts unfolding in the field of PEMFC.
This book provides the latest academic and technical developments in PEMFC membranes with thorough insights into various preparation, characterisation, and testing methods utilised. Factors affecting proton conduction, water adsorption, and transportation behaviour of membranes are also deliberated upon.
- Provides the latest academic and technical developments in PEMFC membranes.
- Reviews recent literature on ex situ studies and in situ single-cell and stack tests investigating the durability (chemical, thermomechanical) and degradation of membranes.
Surbhi Sharma, MSc, PhD
Working on graphene oxide and fuel cells since 2007, she has published about 50 research articles/book chapters and holds a patent. She has also been awarded various research grants.
Algorithms are the essence of programming. After their construction, they have to be translated to the codes of a specific programming language. There exists a maximum of ten basic algorithmic templates. This textbook aims to provide the reader with a more convenient and efficient method to create a program by translating algorithms, template by template with C++ and Java. This is the slogan of the book: You will be a professional programmer whenever you become a skilled algorithm designer.
This book attempts to gradually strengthen the readers’ ability to identify and analyze the mental commands which are issued and implemented in their brains for solving the problems in which mathematical computations are applied and try to design an algorithm based on their understanding and analyses. It then seeks to encourage the readers to develop their skills in algorithm-writing for computational problems and synchronously teach them to translate the algorithms into C++ and Java codes using the least necessary keywords.
Rubber materials serve a variety of purposes in our everyday life. This book gives a complete survey of the life cycle of rubber materials starting from the basics and covering everything to recycling of rubber. The important aspects for researchers and engineers in rubber industry such as vulcanization, thermoplastic elastomers, additives and fillers and rubber bonding is covered in one chapter each.
This book provides chemical concepts as well as crucial steps for inorganic water and wastewater treatment. Examples and tools help to understand and to guide through industrial and natural water process engineering. Chemical and environmental engineers, researchers and professionals, as well as students benefit from this concise and explanatory book.
Recycling of rubber materials is necessary from both an environmental and economic perspective. This book describes everything from the world market to the many novel technologies and processes developed for the re-use and recycling of our common rubber materials. Devulcanization, production of rubber crumbs, reprocessing and manufacture of new materials are thoroughly described and discussed.
From the content:
Introduction
Mathematical modelling
Measurement
Scientific explanation
Context of discovery
Context of justification
Uncertainty of scientific knowledge
Morality and moral philosophy
System ofvalues associated with science
General principles of moral decision-making
Researchethics
Methodological and ethical issues related to experimentation
Methodological and ethical issues to researchinformation
Methodological and ethical issuesrelated to legal protection of intellectual property
With a focus on portland cement, the book systematically illustrates the composition, properties, and applications of different kinds of cementitious materials, and presents their reaction during the hydration and hardening process. The production technique and applied technology are also discussed with examples. Exercises are added in each chapter, making the work an essential textbook for students.
Bioresorbable implants can be processed via conventional polymer processing methods such as extrusion, injection and compressing moulding, solvent spinning or casting. This book addresses issues and highlights recent advances in the use of biodegradable polymers. It is intended for researchers utilizing biodegradable polymers in areas from tissue engineering to controlled release of active pharmaceuticals, as well as industrial processors.
The author illustrates why the rather weak hydrogen bond is so essential for our everyday life in a lively and entertaining way. The chemical and physical fundamentals are explained with examples ranging from the nature of water over the secret of DNA to adhesives and modern detergents. The interdisciplinary science is easy to understand and hence a great introduction for chemists, biologists and physicists.
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is the most recycled plastic in the world. This book covers all from the world market of PET to the many technologies and processes developed for separation, decontamination, recycling and manufacturing into food-grade and non-food-grade products of PET. Also, regulations, testing methods and analytical procedures according to the current regulatory framework are presented.
Rubber analysis plays a vital part in ensuring that manufactured products are fit for purpose. This comprehensive, application-based book with up-to-date referencing covers all important applications and subject area associated with the analysis of rubber compounds and rubber products. Includes characterization of rubber polymers, rubber fumes, identification of extractables and leachables, as well as reverse engineering on compounded products.
Textile Chemistry gives a detailed and explanatory overview on mainly chemical but also physical aspects of fabrics. It contains definitions, basic components and their properties, physicochemical processes, as well as chemical modification of textiles, highlighting the application of smart materials. The book also provides exercises and sample calculations, which makes it ideal for students and scientists in industry.
This work is concerned with optical imaging – from simple apertures to complex imaging systems. It spans the range all the way from optical physics to technical optics. For microscopists and photographers it conveys a deeper insight into the intricacies of their daily used devices. Physics and engineering students learn to understand different imaging systems and sensors as well as lenses and errors, image amplification and processing.
This introduction into the topic is suitable for beginners and experienced people. It is illustrated by many practical examples and may also be used as a work of reference.
The book is useful for everyone employing and assessing imaging systems in general. A special focus is given to photo camera systems.
Research into “smart rubbers”, i.e. elastomeric materials that respond to external stimuli, has increased dramatically recently, predominantly due to the growing need for improved materials for new applications. This book aims to provide an overview over the field of smart rubber research. Examples of the various components involved in smart rubbers are highlighted and discussed. Different types of stimuli and numerous applications are explained.
This book begins by explaining key concepts in programming, and elaborates on characteristic of class, including inheritance, derivation and polymorphism. It also introduces generic programming and Standard Template Library, I/O Stream Library and Exception Handling. The concepts and methods are illustrated via examples step by step, making the book an essential reading for beginners to C++ programming.
Modern membrane science and technology aids engineers in developing and designing more efficient and environmentally-friendly processes. The optimal material and membrane selection as well as applications in the many involved industries are provided. This work is the ideal introduction for engineers working in membrane science and applications (wastewater, desalination, adsorption, and catalysis), process engineers in separation science, biologists and biochemists, environmental scientists, and most of all students. Its multidisciplinary approach also stimulates thinking of hybrid technologies for current and future life-saving applications (artificial organs, drug delivery).
This graduate text covers a variety of mathematical and statistical tools for the analysis of big data coming from biology, medicine and economics. Neural networks, Markov chains, tools from statistical physics and wavelet analysis are used to develop efficient computational algorithms, which are then used for the processing of real-life data using Matlab.
This book introduces the basics of light scattering and then presents theoretical methods and applications of elastic light scattering spectrometry in the field of analytical chemistry. Different elastic light scattering probes and how to use elastic light scattering probes for the analysis of inorganic ions, organic molecules, nucleic acids, proteins, biological microparticles, water and the atmospheric environment are discussed in detail.
Almost 50 years have passed since the famous papers of Hugo Rietveld from the late sixties where he describes a method for the refinement of crystal structures from neutron powder diffraction data. Soon after, the potential of the method for laboratory X-ray powder diffraction was discovered. Although the method is now widely accepted, there are still many pitfalls in the theoretical understanding and in practical daily use.
This book closes the gap with a theoretical introduction for each chapter followed by a practical approach. The flexible macro type language of the Topas Rietveld software can be considered as the defacto standard.
This book is for anyone interested in renewable energy for a sustainable future of mankind. Batteries, fuel cells, capacitors, electrolyzers and solar cells are explained at the molecular level and at the power plant level, in their historical development, in their economical and political impact, and social change. Cases from geophysics and astronomy show that electrochemistry is not confined to the small scale. Examples are shown and exercised.
The present book is an introduction to the philosophy of mathematics. It asks philosophical questions concerning fundamental concepts, constructions and methods - this is done from the standpoint of mathematical research and teaching. It looks for answers both in mathematics and in the philosophy of mathematics from their beginnings till today. The reference point of the considerations is the introducing of the reals in the 19th century that marked an epochal turn in the foundations of mathematics.
In the book problems connected with the concept of a number, with the infinity, the continuum and the infinitely small, with the applicability of mathematics as well as with sets, logic, provability and truth and with the axiomatic approach to mathematics are considered. In Chapter 6 the meaning of infinitesimals to mathematics and to the elements of analysis is presented.
The authors of the present book are mathematicians. Their aim is to introduce mathematicians and teachers of mathematics as well as students into the philosophy of mathematics. The book is suitable also for professional philosophers as well as for students of philosophy, just because it approaches philosophy from the side of mathematics. The knowledge of mathematics needed to understand the text is elementary.
- Reports on historical conceptions.
- Thinking about today‘s mathematical doing and thinking.
- Recent developments.
- Based on the third, revised German edition.
- For mathematicians - students, teachers, researchers and lecturers - and readersinterested in mathematics and philosophy.
Contents
On the way to the reals
On the history of the philosophy of mathematics
On fundamental questions of the philosophy of mathematics
Sets and set theories
Axiomatic approach and logic
Thinking and calculating infinitesimally – First nonstandard steps
Retrospection
The book introduces the fundamentals and development of Computer aided design, Computer aided process planning, and Computer aided manufacturing. The integration of CAD/CAPP/CAM, product data management and Concurrent engineering and collaborative design etc. are also illustrated in detail, which make this book be an essential reference for graduate students, scientists and practitioner in the research fields of computer sciences and engineering.
Innovations in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology summarizes the state of the art in nano-sized materials. The authors focus on innovation aspects and highlight potentials for future developments and applications in health care, including pharmaceutics, dentistry, and cosmetics; information and communications; energy; and chemical engineering. The chapters are written by leading researchers in nanoscience, chemistry, pharmacy, biology, chemistry, physics, engineering, medicine, and social science. The authors come from a range of backgrounds including academia, industry, and national and international laboratories around the world.
This book is ideally suited for researchers and students in chemistry, physics, biology, engineering, materials science, and medicine and is a useful guide for industrialists. It aims to provide inspiration for scientists, new ideas for developers and innovators in industry, and guidelines for toxicologists. It also provides guidelines for agencies and government authorities to establish safe working conditions.
Organic and inorganic chemicals frequently exhibit toxic, mutagenic, carcinogenic, or sensitizing properties when getting in contact with the environment. This comprehensive introduction discusses risk assessment and analysis, environmental fate, transport, and breakdown pathways of chemicals, as well as methods for prevention and procedures for decontamination.
The combustion properties of organic materials are used to assess their safety specifications. This knowledge is necessary to avoid potentially disastrous fires. The experimental determination of the combustion properties of a new organic compound is laborious and sometimes even impossible. This book describes methods for the determination and prediction of the combustion properties of organic compounds, along with some examples and exercises.
This volume deals with two complementary topics. On one hand the book deals with the problem of determining the the probability distribution of a positive compound random variable, a problem which appears in the banking and insurance industries, in many areas of operational research and in reliability problems in the engineering sciences.
On the other hand, the methodology proposed to solve such problems, which is based on an application of the maximum entropy method to invert the Laplace transform of the distributions, can be applied to many other problems.
The book contains applications to a large variety of problems, including the problem of dependence of the sample data used to estimate empirically the Laplace transform of the random variable.
Contents
Introduction
Frequency models
Individual severity models
Some detailed examples
Some traditional approaches to the aggregation problem
Laplace transforms and fractional moment problems
The standard maximum entropy method
Extensions of the method of maximum entropy
Superresolution in maxentropic Laplace transform inversion
Sample data dependence
Disentangling frequencies and decompounding losses
Computations using the maxentropic density
Review of statistical procedures
This book goes beyond a presentation of the basic functions of the software to describe the full range of its functionality. These functions range from simple calculations to programming and complex graphical representations, from analysis to statistical data analysis. The descriptions are understandable, clearly arranged, and are accompanied by many illustrations, overviews, and examples.