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Implications of non-negligible microstructural variations during steady-state deformation

  • Hael Mughrabi EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: January 28, 2022
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International Journal of Materials Research
From the journal International Journal of Materials Research Volume 96 Issue 6

Abstract

In several experimental microstructure-based studies on steady-state deformation in high-temperature creep and, in particular, in cyclic deformation it has been observed that non-negligible microstructural changes persist after the macroscopic stress–strain response has become stationary. These microstructural changes are related primarily to a slight increase of the dislocation density, mainly in the form of geometrically necessary dislocations (GND) in the cell walls/subgrain boundaries. The latter are initially associated with only minor misorientations but then transform gradually into much sharper subgrain boundaries with higher misorientations. It is interesting to note that these continuing microstructural changes do not affect the flow stress significantly and therefore do not cause appreciable deviations from steady state. The following natural explanation is proposed: 1) The added GND do strengthen the material, but not as effectively as statistically stored dislocations would do. 2) As a consequence of the transition of the initial dislocation arrangement to one of lower internal stresses and lower energy, the “arrangement factor” in the Taylor flow-stress law is reduced a little. Thus, in the Taylor flow-stress law, the effects named above can be, to some extent, self-compensating, rendering the flow stress rather insensitive to subtle microstructural changes. The dependence of the flow stress on microstructural quantities such as the dislocation density and the cell/subgrain size can be described in good approximation by well-known semiempirical relationships and almost irrespective of the details and type of deformation not only for steady-state, but also for non-steady-state deformation. This suggests that the gross strength-governing features of the deformation-induced dislocation microstructure are rather similar in all cases discussed.

Keywords: Steady-state deformation; High-temperature creep; Cyclic deformation; Flow stress; Dislocation microstructure
Prof. Hael Mughrabi Institut für Werkstoffwissenschaften Lehrstuhl Allgemeine Werkstoffeigenschaften Martensstr. 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany Tel.: +49 9131 852 7482 Fax: +49 9131 852 7504

Dedicated to Professor Wolfgang Blum on the occasion of his 65th birthday

  1. It is a pleasure to thank my colleague Wolfgang Blum sincerely for frequent inspiring, sometimes heated discussions about many different aspects of crystal plasticity.

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Received: 2005-03-04
Accepted: 2005-03-23
Published Online: 2022-01-28

© 2005 Carl Hanser Verlag, München

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Editorial
  3. Editorial
  4. Articles Basic
  5. Identifying creep mechanisms in plastic flow
  6. A unified microstructural metal plasticity model applied in testing, processing, and forming of aluminium alloys
  7. Implications of non-negligible microstructural variations during steady-state deformation
  8. Tertiary creep of metals and alloys
  9. Interactions between particles and low-angle dislocation boundaries during high-temperature deformation
  10. Strain-rate sensitivity of ultrafine-grained materials
  11. Transient plastic flow at nominally fixed structure due to load redistribution
  12. Vacancy concentrations determined from the diffuse background scattering of X-rays in plastically deformed copper
  13. Effect of heating rate in α + γ dual-phase field on lamellar microstructure and creep resistance of a TiAl alloy
  14. About stress reduction experiments during constant strain-rate deformation tests
  15. Finite-element modelling of anisotropic single-crystal superalloy creep deformation based on dislocation densities of individual slip systems
  16. Variational approach to subgrain formation
  17. Articles Applied
  18. Pseudoelastic cycling of ultra-fine-grained NiTi shape-memory wires
  19. Creep properties at 125 °C of an AM50 Mg alloy modified by Si additions
  20. Dependence of mechanical strength on grain structure in the γ′ and oxide dispersions-trengthened nickelbase superalloy PM 3030
  21. On the improvement of the ductility of molybdenum by spinel (MgAl2O4) particles
  22. Hot workability and extrusion modelling of magnesium alloys
  23. Characterization of hot-deformation behaviour of Zircaloy-2: a comparison between kinetic analysis and processing maps
  24. Requirements for microstructural investigations of steels used in modern power plants
  25. Influence of Lüders band formation on the cyclic creep behaviour of a low-carbon steel for piping applications
  26. Creep and creep rupture behaviour of 650 °C ferritic/martensitic super heat resistant steels
  27. Toughening mechanisms of a Ti-based nanostructured composite containing ductile dendrites
  28. Notifications/Mitteilungen
  29. Personal/Personelles
  30. News/Aktuelles
  31. Conferences/Konferenzen
https://doi.org/10.3139/ijmr-2005-0098
Keywords for this article
Steady-state deformation; High-temperature creep; Cyclic deformation; Flow stress; Dislocation microstructure

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Editorial
  3. Editorial
  4. Articles Basic
  5. Identifying creep mechanisms in plastic flow
  6. A unified microstructural metal plasticity model applied in testing, processing, and forming of aluminium alloys
  7. Implications of non-negligible microstructural variations during steady-state deformation
  8. Tertiary creep of metals and alloys
  9. Interactions between particles and low-angle dislocation boundaries during high-temperature deformation
  10. Strain-rate sensitivity of ultrafine-grained materials
  11. Transient plastic flow at nominally fixed structure due to load redistribution
  12. Vacancy concentrations determined from the diffuse background scattering of X-rays in plastically deformed copper
  13. Effect of heating rate in α + γ dual-phase field on lamellar microstructure and creep resistance of a TiAl alloy
  14. About stress reduction experiments during constant strain-rate deformation tests
  15. Finite-element modelling of anisotropic single-crystal superalloy creep deformation based on dislocation densities of individual slip systems
  16. Variational approach to subgrain formation
  17. Articles Applied
  18. Pseudoelastic cycling of ultra-fine-grained NiTi shape-memory wires
  19. Creep properties at 125 °C of an AM50 Mg alloy modified by Si additions
  20. Dependence of mechanical strength on grain structure in the γ′ and oxide dispersions-trengthened nickelbase superalloy PM 3030
  21. On the improvement of the ductility of molybdenum by spinel (MgAl2O4) particles
  22. Hot workability and extrusion modelling of magnesium alloys
  23. Characterization of hot-deformation behaviour of Zircaloy-2: a comparison between kinetic analysis and processing maps
  24. Requirements for microstructural investigations of steels used in modern power plants
  25. Influence of Lüders band formation on the cyclic creep behaviour of a low-carbon steel for piping applications
  26. Creep and creep rupture behaviour of 650 °C ferritic/martensitic super heat resistant steels
  27. Toughening mechanisms of a Ti-based nanostructured composite containing ductile dendrites
  28. Notifications/Mitteilungen
  29. Personal/Personelles
  30. News/Aktuelles
  31. Conferences/Konferenzen
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