Improved Stress Shielding of a Coated Cemented Hip Stem by Functionally Graded Materials

Hassan S. Hedia; Noha Fouda

doi:10.3139/120.110667

Article

Improved Stress Shielding of a Coated Cemented Hip Stem by Functionally Graded Materials

Hassan S. Hedia and Noha Fouda

Published/Copyright: November 20, 2014

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From the journal Materials Testing Volume 56 Issue 11-12

Abstract

Surfaces are the primary contact zones between a biomaterial and its host organism. Surface treatment or coating provides a means to fulfill demanding structural and mechanical requirements of the prostheses. As well as, a number of studies have been performed on functionally graded materials (FGM) and their suitability for use as the biomaterial of choice in various prostheses. This study investigates the effect of utilizing the two concepts of FGM and coating, in designing new hip stem material. The results of this study concluded that the optimal FGM cemented stem is consisting of titanium at the upper stem layers graded to collagen at lower stem layers. The optimal functionally graded stem coated with collagen reduced the stress shielding by 51% compared to homogenous titanium stem coated with collagen. However, this optimal graded stem coated with hydroxyapatite showed a reduction of stress shielding by 57% compared to homogenous titanium stem coated with hydroxyapatite.

Kurzfassung

Oberflächen sind die primären Kontaktzonen zwischen Biomaterialien und dem Wirtsorganismus. Eine Oberflächenbehandlung oder Beschichtung ist eine Maßnahme, um die strukturellen und mechanischen Erfordernisse einer Prothese zu erfüllen. Zudem wurde eine Reihe von Studien an Gradientenwerkstoffen (Functionally Graded Materials (FGM)) durchgeführt und ihre Eignung als Biomaterial der Wahl bei verschiedenen Prothesen untersucht. In der diesem Beitrag zugrunde liegenden Studie wurde die Auswirkung der Verwendung der zwei Konzepte von FGM und Beschichtung zusammen untersucht, und zwar für das Design eines neuen Hüftschaftmaterials. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie führen zu dem Ergebnis, dass der otpimale zementierte FGM-Schaft aus Titan an den oberen Schaftlagen bis zu Kollagen an den unteren Schaftlagen gradiert besteht. Der optimal funktionsgradierte und mit Kollagen beschichtete Schaft setzte das “Stress Shielding” um 51% im Vergleich zum homogenen mit Kollagen beschichteten Schaft aus Titan herab. Der optimal gradierte und mit Hydroxylapatit beschichtete Schaft setzte das “Stress Shielding” um 57% im Vergleich zum homogenen mit Kollagen beschichteten Schaft herab.

Keywords: Materials testing; finite element analysis; FGM; hip replacement; coating; stress shielding; interface shear stress

*Correspondence Address, Prof. Dr. Hassan Hedia, Professor of Mechanical Engineering, Consultant of the University Vice President, Vice President Office, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80200, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail: hassanhedia87@yahoo.com

Prof. Dr. Hassan S. Hedia, born in 1959, is Professor for Materials and Solid Mechanics at King Abdulaziz University in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. In 1981, he received his BSc in Mechanical Engineering from Cairo University, Egypt, and in 1989 his MSc in Production Engineering from Mansoura University, Egypt. In 1996, he achieved his PhD in the Mechanical Engineering Department at Leeds University, UK, and at the Mansoura University, Egypt within the channel system. His field of interest comprises advanced materials, fracture mechanics, stress analysis as well as biomechanics. He has published around 60 papers in international journals and is in the editorial board of three international journals.

Assist. Prof. Dr. Noha Fouda, born 1973, is Assistant Professor at Mansoura University, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura, Egypt. She received her BSc (Production Engineering) in 1995, her MSc in 2000 and her PhD in 2006, all from Mansoura University, Egypt. Her fields of interest are optimum design, stress analysis as well as mechanics of materials.

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Published Online: 2014-11-20

Published in Print: 2014-11-17

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https://doi.org/10.3139/120.110667

Keywords for this article

Materials testing; finite element analysis; FGM; hip replacement; coating; stress shielding; interface shear stress