Influence of Specimen Dimensions and Orientation on the Tensile Properties of Structural Steel

Hem Bahadur Motra; Jörg Hildebrand; Andrea Dimmig-Osburg

doi:10.3139/120.110659

Article

Influence of Specimen Dimensions and Orientation on the Tensile Properties of Structural Steel

Hem Bahadur Motra , Jörg Hildebrand and Andrea Dimmig-Osburg

Published/Copyright: November 20, 2014

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From the journal Materials Testing Volume 56 Issue 11-12

Abstract

For the measurement of tensile properties of materials, specimens with a rectangular cross-section are commonly used. However, the results are affected by the size of the specimen and the orientations. In this study, the rectangular cross-section specimens in both longitudinal (strain ratio r = 0°) and transverse (strain ratio r = 90°) directions were used to investigate the influence of specimen and orientation on the tensile properties of I-profile of IPE360 and IPE400 steel grade S235. For both I-profiles, four types of sixty dog bone samples with varying dimensions were tested. An electromechanical test machine together with contacting strain gauge and extensometer was used to perform standard tensile test procedures. The conclusion is drawn that specimen dimensions and orientation have a significant influence on the mechanical properties of both I-profile structural steel such as Young's modulus of elasticity, upper and lower yield strength, tensile strength, post-necking elongation and strain hardening rate, which increase with increasing thickness or decreasing gauge length.

Kurzfassung

Proben mit rechteckigen Querschnitten werden häufig verwendet, um die mechanischen Eigenschaften von Werkstoffen zu ermitteln. Aber die Probengröße und die Orientierung können die Ergebnisse beeinflussen. In der diesem Beitrag zugrunde liegenden Studie wurde der Einfluss der Probe und ihre Orientierung auf die mechanischen Eigenschaften der I-Profile IPE 360 und IPE 400 der Stahlgüte S 235 untersucht, indem Proben mit rechteckigem Querschnitt in der Längsrichtung (Dehnungsverhältnis r = 0°) und der Querrichtung (Dehnungsverhältnis r = 90°) verwendet wurden. Vier Typen von insgesamt sechzig Dog-Bone-Proben mit variierenden Dimensionen wurden für beide I-Profile untersucht. Die Standard-Zugversuche wurden mittels einer elektromechanischen Prüfmaschine zusammen mit Kontaktdehnungsmessstreifen und Extensiometer durchgeführt. Es stellte sich heraus, dass sich für beide I-Profile aus dem Baustahl signifikante Einflüsse der Probendimensionen und -orientierung auf die mechanischen Eigenschaften, wie beispielsweise den Elastizitätsmodul, die untere und obere Streckgrenze, die Zugfestigkeit, die Einschnürdehnung und den Grad der Verfestigung ergeben. Alle Eigenschaften verbessern sich mit zunehmender Dicke und abnehmender Messstreifenlänge.

Keywords: Materials testing; gauge length size effect; steel; stress-strain curves; tensile test

*Correspondence Address, MSc Hem Bahadur Motra, Graduiertenkolleg 1462 “Modellqualitäten”, Bauhaus-Universität Weimar, Berkaer Str. 9, 99423 Weimar. E-mail: hem.bahadur.motra@uni-weimar.de

Hem Bahadur Motra, born 1981 in Nepal, graduated from Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Hannover, Germany. Currently, he is working as a PhD student in the Research Training Group GRK 1462 “Assessment of Coupled Experimental and Numerical Partial Models in Structural Engineering”, Bauhaus-Universität Weimar, Germany.

Dr.-Ing. Jorg Hildebrand received his Dipl.-Ing. in Civil Engineering in 2001 and his PhD in Civil Engineering in 2008. He is Junior Professor at the Bauhaus-Universität Weimar, Germany, since 2010.

Dr.-Ing. Andrea Dimmig-Osburg graduated from the Technischen Universitat Merseburg, Faculty of Chemistry, Germany, in 1982. From 1982 to 1986, she worked as a research assistant in the Faculty of Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller Universitat in Jena, Germany. From 1986 to 1989, she worked in the lab at BMK Erfurt, Germany, and from 1989 to 1991 in Kombinates Mikroelektronik in Erfurt. From 1991 to 2003, she was a research assistant at Bauhaus-Universität in Weimar and completed her PhD at that universität in 2003. She continued working at that universität, from 2003 to 2010 as Junior Professor in the Faculty of Civil Engineering and since 2010 as Professor for polymer modified concrete.

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Published Online: 2014-11-20

Published in Print: 2014-11-17

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https://doi.org/10.3139/120.110659

Keywords for this article

Materials testing; gauge length size effect; steel; stress-strain curves; tensile test