Home Crystal structure of pyrene-4-aldehyde, C17H10O
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Crystal structure of pyrene-4-aldehyde, C17H10O

  • Miao Bao-Xi , Zhang Li-Fang and Zhao Yun EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: September 27, 2018

Abstract

C17H10O, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 9.3121(19) Å, b = 8.0958(16) Å, c = 14.944(3) Å, β = 106.06(3)°, V = 1082.7(4) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0488, wRref(F2) = 0.1418, T = 293(2) K.

CCDC no.: 1866559

The crystal structure is shown in the figure. Tables 1 and 2 contain details on crystal structure and measurement conditions and a list of the atoms including atomic coordinates and displacement parameters.

Table 1:

Data collection and handling.

Crystal:Yellow block
Size:0.18 × 0.16 × 0.12 mm
Wavelength:Mo Kα radiation (0.71073 Å)
μ:0.09 mm−1
Diffractometer, scan mode:Bruker APEX II, φ and ω
θmax, completeness:27.5°, 99%
N(hkl)measured, N(hkl)unique, Rint:8542, 2430, 0.025
Criterion for Iobs, N(hkl)gt:Iobs > 2 σ(Iobs), 1957
N(param)refined:163
Programs:SHELX [1], PLATON [2]
Table 2:

Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å2).

AtomxyzUiso*/Ueq
O10.08571(11)0.73278(15)−0.11159(8)0.0413(3)
C10.21356(16)0.70645(18)−0.10688(11)0.0312(3)
H10.22920.6473−0.15670.037*
C20.35103(15)0.75278(16)−0.03459(9)0.0225(3)
C30.35280(14)0.85347(15)0.04612(9)0.0207(3)
C40.22445(15)0.92042(17)0.06338(10)0.0257(3)
H40.13130.89900.02230.031*
C50.23448(16)1.01847(17)0.14111(10)0.0287(3)
H50.14791.06190.15130.034*
C60.37110(16)1.05240(17)0.20352(10)0.0267(3)
H60.37531.11840.25510.032*
C70.50348(15)0.98879(16)0.19010(9)0.0222(3)
C80.64717(16)1.02360(17)0.25327(9)0.0265(3)
H80.65311.09160.30430.032*
C90.77384(16)0.95971(18)0.24020(9)0.0268(3)
H90.86510.98280.28290.032*
C100.76971(14)0.85646(16)0.16119(9)0.0227(3)
C110.89839(15)0.78834(18)0.14545(10)0.0274(3)
H110.99060.80740.18820.033*
C120.89127(15)0.69253(18)0.06709(10)0.0289(3)
H120.97840.64880.05790.035*
C130.75612(15)0.66206(17)0.00307(10)0.0262(3)
H130.75290.5989−0.04940.031*
C140.62341(15)0.72504(16)0.01608(9)0.0209(3)
C150.48051(15)0.69448(16)−0.04799(9)0.0232(3)
H150.47590.6322−0.10100.028*
C160.62911(14)0.82350(15)0.09584(9)0.0191(3)
C170.49502(14)0.88801(15)0.11076(8)0.0194(3)

Source of material

All chemicals were purchased from commercial sources and used as received. The title compound was prepared by two steps. The intermediate 4-cyanopyrene was prepared by the following procedures. To a 100 mL two-necked flask, 4-bromopyrene (0.327 g, 1.164 mmol), CuCN (0.215 g, 2.4 mmol), and anhydrous DMF (30 mL) were added. The mixture was heated at 160 °C for 3 days, and then cooled down to 90 °C. Subsequently, a mixture of ethylenediamine (10 mL) and water (15 mL) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred at 90 °C for 3 h and then cooled to room temperature. The product was extracted with dichloromethane three times and the organic layer was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and evaporated. A quantity of 0.2 g (76% yield) of C17H9N was isolated as pale green crystals. IR (KBr): 3043 cm−1, 2220 cm−1. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.66 − 8.55 (m, 2H), 8.41 − 8.25 (m, 3H), 8.22 − 8.06 (m, 4H). GC/MS MS: (C17H9N) m/z 227(M+, 100), 200(16), 100(20).

The title compound was synthesized by dehydrogenation of the above intermediate4-cyanopyrene: an oven-dried 50 mL flask which was equipped with a side arm, a condenser, and adapter was flushed with nitrogen and charged with 0.150 g (0.66 mmol) of 4-cyanopyrene and 30 mL of CH2Cl2. The solution was cooled to 0 °C in an ice-water bath and 0.8 mL of 1 M solution of DIBAL-H in n-hexane was added slowly with stirring. After 15 min, additional 0.8 mL of 1 M solution of DIBAL-H in n-hexane was added slowly. The mixture was stirred for 3 h at room temperature. The mixture was poured into 50% sulfuric acid water solution and extracted with CH2Cl2 two times. The organic layer was washed with water, dried over MgSO4 and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by silica gel chromatography using hexane/CH2Cl2 as an eluent to afford 0.1 g pyrene-4-aldehyde in 66% yield. IR (KBr): 2724 cm−1, 1686 cm−1. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ 10.55 (d, J = 0.9 Hz, 1H), 9.64 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 8.60 (d, J = 1.2 Hz, 1H), 8.35 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 2H), 8.29 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 8.22−8.02 (m, 4H). GC/MS MS: (C17H10O) m/z 230(M+, 60), 202(100), 100(25). The yellow block crystals of the title compound were obtained by slow evaporation of hexane/CH2Cl2 solution (v:v = 1/1).

Experimental details

All H atoms bond were introduced using the HFIX commond in the SHELXL program [1]. All H atoms were allowed for as riding atoms with Uiso(H) = 1.2Ueq(C). The structure was checked using PLATON [2].

Comment

Since its discovery in 1837 [3], pyrene as one of the most known polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been paid much attention in the development of organic fluorescent materials [4], [5], [6]. In the last decades, numerous investigations have been carried out on the design and synthesis of pyrene-based materials with a broad range of potential applications such as organic light-emitting diodes (OLED), organic field effect transistor (OFET), organic lasers, chemosensors and solar cells, etc. [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], due to their pure blue fluorescence with high quantum yield, exceptionally long fluorescence lifetime, excellent thermal stability, and high charge carrier mobility. In order to obtain excellent pyrene-based functional materials, much efforts have been made to modify its molecular structure by introducing suitable electron-donating or -accepting groups at different positions of the pyrene. The formyl group is a useful substituent group for interesting pyrene-based functional materials [12]. Generally, a direct formylation on the pyrene ring occurs almost exclusively at the electron rich 1-position of pyrene [13]. Nevertheless, pyrene-2-aldehyde have been successfully designed and synthesized through the formylation and aromatization using 4,5,9,10-tetrahydropyrene as the starting material and its crystal structure has been reported by our group recently [14]. As part of our work on pyrene-based derivatives, we synthesized pyrene-4-aldehyde using a new effective strategy through reduction of 4-cyanopyrene from 4-bromopyrene.

The single X-ray diffraction analysis shows the expected structure of the title compound pyrene-4-aldehyde. The aldehyde group locates at the 4-position of the pyrene. The C—O bond length is 1.1923(18) Å, similar to that of our previously reported pyrene-2-aldehyde [14]. The C1—C2 bond length is 1.4770(19) Å, indicating the π–π conjugation effect between the pyrene and the aldehyde group. All the carbon and oxygen atoms are nearly in a strict plane with the largest deviation 0.062(2) Å. The suprmolecular structure is also comparable with that of its isomer pyrene-2-aldehyde [14]. Firsly, two molecules of the title compound form a dimeric unit by relatively strong π–π interactions with the shortest interatomic distance of 3.359(2) Å. These dimeric structures are linked into a three-dimensional structure by weak C—H⋯π and C—H⋯O interactions.

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2017BSCXA05).

References

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Received: 2018-07-20
Accepted: 2018-09-08
Published Online: 2018-09-27
Published in Print: 2018-12-19

©2018 Miao Bao-Xi et al., published by De Gruyter, Berlin/Boston

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

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