Comparison of antithyroid effects and hepatic complications of methimazole with catechin and its nanoencapsulation form in adult male rats
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Esmaeil Mohamadizadeh
und
Seyed Mehran Hosseini
Abstract
Objectives
Methimazole is an antithyroid drug and is used clinically in hyperthyroidism. Liver dysfunction is one of the side effects of methimazole. Catechins are natural flavonoids and have antioxidant, antithyroid, and liver protection effects. Despite the wide range of biological properties of catechins, their effective use is limited due to poor water solubility, low stability, and low bioavailability. Catechin niosomal nanoencapsulation improves the properties of catechin and increases its antioxidant activities.
Methods
Niosomal vesicles were synthesized by the Thin Film Hydration method and their physicochemical characteristics, morphology, and percentage of trapped catechin in them were determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and spectrophotometry, respectively. In this study, 32 adult male rats were divided into 4 groups: control, 50 mg/kg methimazole, 100 mg/kg catechin, and 100 mg/kg nanocapsule niosomal form of catechin. The drugs were administered orally and the duration of treatment was 8 weeks. Then, the serum concentration of thyroid hormones and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method, and serum liver function tests were performed using an autoanalyzer. The activities of hepatic oxidative enzymes were measured spectrophotometrically.
Results
Our study showed that the percentage of catechin encapsulation in the niosome was calculated to be 51%. A significant difference was observed in the catechin and encapsulated catechin treatment groups compared to the methimazole group (p <0.0001). In all three treatment groups of methimazole, catechin, and niosomal nanocapsule catechin, serum levels of TT3, TT4, FT3, FT4, body weight and daily consumption of water and food were significantly reduced compared to the control group (p <0.0001).
Conclusions
The antithyroid effects of catechin and its encapsulated form were comparable to methimazole. Also, the encapsulation improved the hepatoprotective effects of catechin.
Acknowledgments
We would like to thank Dr. Esmaeil Samadian, Dr. Sahar Ardalan, Dr. Seyed Mostafa Mir, and Mr. Ahmad Abbasi for their kindly help in this study.
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Research funding: This research received no external funding.
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Author contributions: EM, MSA, GV, and SMH co-designed the research. EM and MSA performed the experiments and the measurements. EM and VH analyzed the data and the lab tests. EM, SMH, and GV wrote the manuscript and edited it. All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.
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Competing interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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Ethical approval: This study has a research ethics certificate with approval ID: IR.GOUMS.REC.1397.227 from Golestan University of Medical Sciences.
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© 2022 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Reviews
- Evidence implementation among complementary medicine practitioners: a meta-summary
- Phytochemical: a treatment option for heavy metal induced neurotoxicity
- The effects of curcumin-containing supplementations on inflammatory markers and lipid profiles in patients with chronic kidney diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
- A systematic review on traditional medicinal Animal’s parts and products used for the treatment of respiratory tract disorders in Ethiopia
- Review on nutraceuticals: phase transition from preventive to protective care
- A study of effect of Centella asiatica on oxidative markers in the hippocampus of offsprings born to alcohol-fed pregnant rats and the correlation with their cognitive functions
- Anxiogenic and anxiolytic effects of memantine injected into the ventral hippocampus in male stressed mice
- Research Articles
- Comparison of antithyroid effects and hepatic complications of methimazole with catechin and its nanoencapsulation form in adult male rats
- Almond oil restores blood parameters, liver function, blood and liver antioxidants and DNA, and liver histology more efficiently than olive oil in favism
- Highly efficient microencapsulation of phytonutrients by fractioned cellulose using biopolymer complexation technology
- Ocimum basilicum alleviates blood glucose, lipid profile and iNOS in diabetes gestational rat model
- Blood pressure and blood sugar-lowering effects of purified gambir on diabetic hypertensive Wistar Kyoto rats
- Assessment of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of quercetin–rutin blend (SophorOx™) – an invitro cell based assay
- Subchronic toxicological evaluation of EnXtra™ (standardised extract of Alpinia galanga rhizome) in rats
- Ficus glumosa Del. reduces phenylhydrazine-induced hemolytic anaemia and hepatic damage in Wistar rats
- Screening of anti-cancerous potential of classical Raudra rasa and modified Raudra rasa modified with hiraka bhasma (nanodiamond) through FTIR & LC-MS analysis
- Aqueous extract of Pedalium murex D. Royen ex L. leafy stem protects against lead induced testicular toxicity in Wistar rats
- Intrahippocampal co-administration of nicotine and O-acetyl-L-carnitine prevents the H-89-induced spatial learning deficits in Morris water maze
- Developmental effects of early-life stress on dopamine D2 receptor and proteins involved in noncanonical D2 dopamine receptor signaling pathway in the prefrontal cortex of male rats
- Probiotic administration enhanced antitrypanosomal effects of diminazene aceturate in dogs experimentally infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei
- Acacia arabica (Lam.) Willd. On osteoblastogenesis, osteoblast proliferation, osteoclastic activity, and bone calcium mineralization
- GC-MS analysis of curculigo orchiodes and medicinal herbs with cytotoxic, hepatoprotective attributes of ethanolic extract from Indian origin
- Biochemical and histopathological evaluation of liver, kidney, and pancreas in normal Sprague Dawley rats administered aqueous extract of beetroot (Beta vulgaris)
- The effectiveness of emotional freedom techniques (EFT) on depression of postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial
- The formulation and efficacy of topical Dorema ammoniacum in treating Melasma: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
- Impact of inhalation aromatherapy with Damask Rose (Rosa damascena) on stress, anxiety and hemodynamic parameters of patients undergoing coronary angiography: a single blind randomized clinical trial
- Hydro-alcoholic extract of Morus nigra reduces fasting blood glucose and HbA1c% in diabetic patients, probably via competitive and allosteric interaction with alpha-glucosidase enzyme; a clinical trial and in silico analysis
- Prophylactic management of radiation-induced mucositis using herbal mouthwash in patients with head and neck cancer: an assessor-blinded randomized controlled trial
- Implementation science in New Zealand naturopathic practice: a cross-sectional study
- Issues of mindfulness implementation for oncology caregivers
- Immediate effect of cold mud pack therapy on autonomic variables in primary hypertensive individuals: a randomized trial
- Effect of a Persian metabolic diet on the functional dyspepsia symptoms in patients with postprandial distress syndrome: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Reviews
- Evidence implementation among complementary medicine practitioners: a meta-summary
- Phytochemical: a treatment option for heavy metal induced neurotoxicity
- The effects of curcumin-containing supplementations on inflammatory markers and lipid profiles in patients with chronic kidney diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
- A systematic review on traditional medicinal Animal’s parts and products used for the treatment of respiratory tract disorders in Ethiopia
- Review on nutraceuticals: phase transition from preventive to protective care
- A study of effect of Centella asiatica on oxidative markers in the hippocampus of offsprings born to alcohol-fed pregnant rats and the correlation with their cognitive functions
- Anxiogenic and anxiolytic effects of memantine injected into the ventral hippocampus in male stressed mice
- Research Articles
- Comparison of antithyroid effects and hepatic complications of methimazole with catechin and its nanoencapsulation form in adult male rats
- Almond oil restores blood parameters, liver function, blood and liver antioxidants and DNA, and liver histology more efficiently than olive oil in favism
- Highly efficient microencapsulation of phytonutrients by fractioned cellulose using biopolymer complexation technology
- Ocimum basilicum alleviates blood glucose, lipid profile and iNOS in diabetes gestational rat model
- Blood pressure and blood sugar-lowering effects of purified gambir on diabetic hypertensive Wistar Kyoto rats
- Assessment of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of quercetin–rutin blend (SophorOx™) – an invitro cell based assay
- Subchronic toxicological evaluation of EnXtra™ (standardised extract of Alpinia galanga rhizome) in rats
- Ficus glumosa Del. reduces phenylhydrazine-induced hemolytic anaemia and hepatic damage in Wistar rats
- Screening of anti-cancerous potential of classical Raudra rasa and modified Raudra rasa modified with hiraka bhasma (nanodiamond) through FTIR & LC-MS analysis
- Aqueous extract of Pedalium murex D. Royen ex L. leafy stem protects against lead induced testicular toxicity in Wistar rats
- Intrahippocampal co-administration of nicotine and O-acetyl-L-carnitine prevents the H-89-induced spatial learning deficits in Morris water maze
- Developmental effects of early-life stress on dopamine D2 receptor and proteins involved in noncanonical D2 dopamine receptor signaling pathway in the prefrontal cortex of male rats
- Probiotic administration enhanced antitrypanosomal effects of diminazene aceturate in dogs experimentally infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei
- Acacia arabica (Lam.) Willd. On osteoblastogenesis, osteoblast proliferation, osteoclastic activity, and bone calcium mineralization
- GC-MS analysis of curculigo orchiodes and medicinal herbs with cytotoxic, hepatoprotective attributes of ethanolic extract from Indian origin
- Biochemical and histopathological evaluation of liver, kidney, and pancreas in normal Sprague Dawley rats administered aqueous extract of beetroot (Beta vulgaris)
- The effectiveness of emotional freedom techniques (EFT) on depression of postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial
- The formulation and efficacy of topical Dorema ammoniacum in treating Melasma: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
- Impact of inhalation aromatherapy with Damask Rose (Rosa damascena) on stress, anxiety and hemodynamic parameters of patients undergoing coronary angiography: a single blind randomized clinical trial
- Hydro-alcoholic extract of Morus nigra reduces fasting blood glucose and HbA1c% in diabetic patients, probably via competitive and allosteric interaction with alpha-glucosidase enzyme; a clinical trial and in silico analysis
- Prophylactic management of radiation-induced mucositis using herbal mouthwash in patients with head and neck cancer: an assessor-blinded randomized controlled trial
- Implementation science in New Zealand naturopathic practice: a cross-sectional study
- Issues of mindfulness implementation for oncology caregivers
- Immediate effect of cold mud pack therapy on autonomic variables in primary hypertensive individuals: a randomized trial
- Effect of a Persian metabolic diet on the functional dyspepsia symptoms in patients with postprandial distress syndrome: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial
