Terminalia arjuna induced testicular assault through Leydig cell derangement: an in vitro approach
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Arnab Banerjee
,
Bithin Kumar Maji
and
Alok Chattopadhyay
Abstract
Objectives
Terminalia arjuna (TA) has been widely used as folk medicine since ancient times. Apart from its therapeutic properties it also has anti-spermatogenic activity, but its effectiveness and mode of action on male gonadal activity remains to be revealed.
Methods
TA bark extract was dissolved in 1% dimethyl sulfoxide and applied in primary Leydig cell culture from rat testis in dose dependent manner. After 24 h of treatment cellular toxicity marker, cytokines, steroid 5-alpha-reductase 1 (SRD5A1) and androgen receptor (AR) were measured.
Results
Present study first proposed the cytotoxic impacts of TA on Leydig cells via leakage of lactate dehydrogenase and inflammatory responses by altering the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in dose-dependent-manner. Furthermore, down regulation of SRD5A1 and AR indicated inhibition of normal steroidogenesis which well corroborated with cytotoxity and inflammation related parameters to promote damage of Leydig cell function. Nevertheless, it can be speculated that the inhibition of normal steroidogenesis and thereby spermatogenesis induced by TA is possibly due to the presence of β-sitosterol.
Conclusions
Therefore, the dose and duration of treatment should be carefully monitored in cases of its medicinal uses and longer duration should be avoided to protect reproductive health and fertility.
Funding source: Department of Physiology, Harimohan Ghose College
Funding source: Department of Physiology (UG & PG), Serampore College
Acknowledgments
Authors are indebted to the Principal, Harimohan Ghose College and the Principal, Serampore College for their active administrative and infrastructural support and encouragement during the experiment.
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Research funding: Partial self and partial departmental sponsorship by the Department of Physiology, Harimohan Ghose College and Department of Physiology (UG & PG), Serampore College.
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Author contributions: All the authors have accepted liability for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and confirmed submission.
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Competing interests: Authors declare no conflict of interest.
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Ethical approval: Animal experiments were performed according to the standard rules recommended by the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee (IAEC).
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Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Reviews
- ‘Ilāj bi’l-Tadbīr (regimenal therapy): a core mode of Unani treatment
- Understanding hormones in terms of humours (Akhlat) in Unani system of medicine
- Review Articles
- Understanding Humma-e-Wabai (epidemic fever) and Amraz-e-Wabai (epidemic disease) in the light of Unani medicine
- Emergence of antimicrobial resistance and magnitude of Unani medicine – scope and challenges
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- Research Articles
- Comparative effects of berberine and piperine on the neuroprotective potential of neostigmine
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- A spatial-temporal study of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) by type: exploring localization economies implications in urban areas in Ontario
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- Effect of acupuncture on cognitive task performance of college students: a pilot study
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- Case Reports
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