Acute and sub-acute toxicity assessment of aqueous leaves extract of Crassocephalum crepidioides (Asteraceae) in Wistar rats
-
Edwige Laure Nguemfo
Abstract
Objectives
Several studies establish the therapeutic properties of various plants which are sometimes a source of minerals, vitamins and phytochemical compounds. However, many studies evoked potential toxic of some. In Cameroon, Crassocephalum crepidioides (C.c) is used in folk medicine to treat several diseases, but there are not much informations about its toxicity. This study evaluate its acute and sub-acute toxicity.
Methods
Our study was undertaken to evaluate acute and sub-acute toxicity of aqueous leaves extract of C.c. The study was conducted using the OECD guidelines about oral toxicity’s study. For acute toxicity, rats were administrated single oral dose of 5,000 mg/kg body weight (b.w) and monitored for death and weight impairment during seven days. In sub-acute toxicity, experimental rats received daily doses of 250,500 and 1,000 mg/kg b.w during 28 consecutive days. The toxics effects of the extract were assessed using anthropometric, haematological, biochemical parameters as well as histology of vital body’s organs (liver, kidneys, lungs and spleen).
Results
lethal dose 50 (LD50) was find to be greater than 5,000 mg/kg b.w in rats. In sub-acute toxicity, we observed significant increase of body weight, food and water consumption with the maximums of 15.14, 24.52 and 28.86% respectively at 1,000 mg/kg b.w. There was no significant change in haematological parameters. However, we observed significant change in biochemical parameters. Furthermore, structural disorders were noticed in liver and kidneys of animals treated with C.c.
Conclusion
Data obtained suggesting that C.c extract could be safe in single administration, but with toxic effects in repeated treatment.
Research funding: None declared.
Author contributions: All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.
Competing interests: No conflict of interest is associated with this work.
References
1. Adjatin, A, Dansi, A, Eze, CS, Assogba, P, Dossou-Aminon, I, Akpagana, K, et al.. Ethnobotanical investigation and diversity of Gbolo [Crassocephalum rubens (Juss. ex Jacq.) S. Moore and C. crepidioides (Benth.) S. Moore], a traditional leafy vegetable under domestication in Benin. Genet Resour Crop Evol 2012;59:1867–81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-012-9901-z.Suche in Google Scholar
2. Tomimori, K, Shinji, N, Ryuichiro, K, Kazumi, T, Chie, I, Naoki, M. Antitumor activity and macrophage nitric oxide producing action of medicinal herb, Crassocephalum crepidioides. BMC Compl Alternative Med 2012;12:15–22. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-12-78.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed PubMed Central
3. Denton, OA, Celosia, AL, Grubben, GJH. Plant resources of Tropical Africa vegetables. Leiden, Netherlands/CTA, Wageningen, Netherlands: PROTA Foundation. Wageningen, Netherlands/Backhuys Publishers; 2004:167–71 pp.Suche in Google Scholar
4. Aniya, Y, Koyama, T, Miyagi, C, Miyahira, M, Inomata, C, Kinoshita, S, et al.. Free radical scavenging and hepatoprotective actions of the medicinal herb, Crassocephalum crepidioides from the Okinawa Islands. Biol Pharm Bull 2005;28:19–23. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.28.19.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
5. Omotayo, MA, Avungbeto, O, Sokefun, OO, Eleyowo, OO. Antibacterial activity of Crassocephalum crepidioides (fireweed) and Chromolaena odorata (siam weed) hot aqueous leaf extract. Int J Pharm Biol Sci 2015;5:114–22.Suche in Google Scholar
6. Bogning, ZC, Olounlade, PA, Alowanou, GG, Nguemfo, EL, Dongmo, AB, Azebaze, AGB, et al.. In vitro anthelmintic activity of aqueous extract of Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth.) S. Moore on Haemonchus contortus. J Exp Integr Med 2016;6:31–7. https://doi.org/10.5455/jeim.061215.or.144.Suche in Google Scholar
7. OECD. Acute oral toxicity – acute toxic class method, OECD guideline n°407 for testing of chemicals; 2001.Suche in Google Scholar
8. OECD. Repeated dose 28 day oral toxicity study in rodents, OECD guideline n°407 for testing of chemicals; 2008.Suche in Google Scholar
9. Speilberg, L, Evensen, O, Bratberg, B, Skjerve, E. Evaluation of five different immersion fixatives for light microscopic studies of liver tissue in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar. Dis Aquat Org 1993;17:47–55. https://doi.org/10.3354/dao017047.Suche in Google Scholar
10. WHO. Research guidelines for evaluating the safety and efficacy of herbal medicine. Manila, Philippine: WHO Regional Office for Western Pacific; 1992:38 p.Suche in Google Scholar
11. Massoma, LD, Oundoum, PC, Dongmo, AB, Njila, MN, Bend, EF, Domkam, J, et al.. Toxicological studies of Turraeanthus mannii (Meliaceae). PhOL 2012;3:169–77.Suche in Google Scholar
12. Sacher, RA, Mepherson, RA. Widmann’s clinical interpretation of laboratory test, 10th ed. U.S.A., Pennsylvania: Fa Davis Co; 1991:416–43 pp.Suche in Google Scholar
13. Zimmerman, HJ, Ishak, KG. Hepatic injuries due to drugs and toxins. In: Mac, S, et al., editors. Pathology of the liver. Churchill Livingstone: Medical division of Longman Group Limited; 1979:335–80 pp.Suche in Google Scholar
14. Mehendale, MH. Hepatotoxicity. In: Haley, Bernt, editors. Toxicology. Washington: Hemisphere Publishing Corporation; 1987:74–110 pp.Suche in Google Scholar
15. Palm, M, Lundblad, A. Creatinine concentration in plasma from dog, rat, and mouse: a comparison of 3 different methods. Vet Clin Pathol 2005;34:232–6. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-165x.2005.tb00046.x.Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
16. Panda, NC. Kidney in: textbook of biochemistry and human biology, 2nd ed. India: Prentise Hall; 1999:290–6 pp.Suche in Google Scholar
17. Bahar, E, Siddika, MS, Nath, B, Yoon, H. Evaluation of in vitro antioxidant and in vivo anti-hyperlipidemic activities of methanol extract of aerial part of Crassocephalum crepidioides (Asteraceae) Benth S Moore. TJPR 2016;15:481–8. https://doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v15i3.8.Suche in Google Scholar
18. Havel, RJ, Goldstein, JL, Brown, MS. Lipoprotein and lipid transport. In: Bondy, Rosenberg, editors. Metabolic control and disease, 8th ed. Philadelphia/London/Toronto/Tokio: W. B/Saunders company; 1980:393–492 pp.10.1007/978-1-4684-3258-9_3Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
Supplementary Material
The online version of this article offers supplementary material (https://doi.org/10.1515/jcim-2020-0018).
© 2020 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Reviews
- The effect of Nigella sativa on oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Effect of fennel on primary dysmenorrhea: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Raising burden of non-communicable diseases: importance of integrating Yoga and Naturopathy at primary care level
- Research Articles Basic
- Marketing and legal status of phytomedicines and food supplements in Morocco
- Hydrogen sulfide as a mediator of endothelium-dependent relaxation evoked by Moringa oleifera leaf extract in mesenteric arterial beds isolated from L-NAME hypertensive rats
- Acute and sub-acute toxicity assessment of aqueous leaves extract of Crassocephalum crepidioides (Asteraceae) in Wistar rats
- Zingerone improves the immune responses in an animal model of breast cancer
- Evaluation of efficacy of Bombax ceiba extract and its major constituent, mangiferin in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats
- Bacterial endosymbiont inhabiting Leucaena leucocephala leaves and their antioxidant and antidiabetic potential
- Ameliorative effect of morin on dutasteride-tamsulosin-induced testicular oxidative stress in rat
- The potentiation of beta-lactam and anti-bacterial activities of lipophilic constituents from Mesua ferrae leaves against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
- Influence of irisin on diet-induced metabolic syndrome in experimental rat model
- Modulatory effect of methanol extract of Annona muricata stem bark on mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pore in normal rat liver and monosodium glutamate-induced uterine hyperplasia
- Research Articles Clinical
- Functional status in adhesive capsulitis – yoga vs. physiotherapy: a quasi experimental study
- Okada Purifying Therapy in combination with duloxetine vs. duloxetine alone in patients with TMD and fibromyalgia: a randomized clinical study
- The FIFA 11+ does not alter performance in amateur female basketball players—a randomized control trial
- Body composition, phenotype and central obesity indices in Egyptian women with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- Immediate effect of interscapular cupping on blood pressure, oxygen saturation, pulse rate and chest expansion in sedentary smoker students
- The effects of an olive-oil massage on hemodialysis patients suffering from fatigue at a hemodialysis unit in southern India – a randomized controlled trial
- Effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate of Camellia sinensis leaves on blood pressure, lipid profile, atherogenic index of plasma and some inflammatory and antioxidant markers in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: a clinical trial
- The effect of practicing yoga during pregnancy on labor stages length, anxiety and pain: a randomized controlled trial
- Effect of lumbar stabilization exercises and thoracic mobilization with strengthening exercises on pain level, thoracic kyphosis, and functional disability in chronic low back pain
- A prospective controlled study on Ramadan fasting in the healthy young males in summer in Germany: effect on cytokines
- Tualang honey versus steroid impregnated nasal dressing following endoscopic sinus surgery: a randomized controlled trial
- Short Communications
- Improved anti-arthritic activity of ginger extract, a traditional medicine, using novel drug delivery approach
- Efficacy of fenugreek seed extract on men's psychological and physical health: a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind clinical trial
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Reviews
- The effect of Nigella sativa on oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Effect of fennel on primary dysmenorrhea: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Raising burden of non-communicable diseases: importance of integrating Yoga and Naturopathy at primary care level
- Research Articles Basic
- Marketing and legal status of phytomedicines and food supplements in Morocco
- Hydrogen sulfide as a mediator of endothelium-dependent relaxation evoked by Moringa oleifera leaf extract in mesenteric arterial beds isolated from L-NAME hypertensive rats
- Acute and sub-acute toxicity assessment of aqueous leaves extract of Crassocephalum crepidioides (Asteraceae) in Wistar rats
- Zingerone improves the immune responses in an animal model of breast cancer
- Evaluation of efficacy of Bombax ceiba extract and its major constituent, mangiferin in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats
- Bacterial endosymbiont inhabiting Leucaena leucocephala leaves and their antioxidant and antidiabetic potential
- Ameliorative effect of morin on dutasteride-tamsulosin-induced testicular oxidative stress in rat
- The potentiation of beta-lactam and anti-bacterial activities of lipophilic constituents from Mesua ferrae leaves against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
- Influence of irisin on diet-induced metabolic syndrome in experimental rat model
- Modulatory effect of methanol extract of Annona muricata stem bark on mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pore in normal rat liver and monosodium glutamate-induced uterine hyperplasia
- Research Articles Clinical
- Functional status in adhesive capsulitis – yoga vs. physiotherapy: a quasi experimental study
- Okada Purifying Therapy in combination with duloxetine vs. duloxetine alone in patients with TMD and fibromyalgia: a randomized clinical study
- The FIFA 11+ does not alter performance in amateur female basketball players—a randomized control trial
- Body composition, phenotype and central obesity indices in Egyptian women with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- Immediate effect of interscapular cupping on blood pressure, oxygen saturation, pulse rate and chest expansion in sedentary smoker students
- The effects of an olive-oil massage on hemodialysis patients suffering from fatigue at a hemodialysis unit in southern India – a randomized controlled trial
- Effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate of Camellia sinensis leaves on blood pressure, lipid profile, atherogenic index of plasma and some inflammatory and antioxidant markers in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: a clinical trial
- The effect of practicing yoga during pregnancy on labor stages length, anxiety and pain: a randomized controlled trial
- Effect of lumbar stabilization exercises and thoracic mobilization with strengthening exercises on pain level, thoracic kyphosis, and functional disability in chronic low back pain
- A prospective controlled study on Ramadan fasting in the healthy young males in summer in Germany: effect on cytokines
- Tualang honey versus steroid impregnated nasal dressing following endoscopic sinus surgery: a randomized controlled trial
- Short Communications
- Improved anti-arthritic activity of ginger extract, a traditional medicine, using novel drug delivery approach
- Efficacy of fenugreek seed extract on men's psychological and physical health: a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind clinical trial
