Abstract
Comparing young second-language (L2) learners in different learning contexts is a valuable, but under-researched, design for determining how L2 experiences impact L2 development. This study addressed this gap by comparing the out-of-school L2 experiences of adolescents (N = 64) learning L2-English as either a community majority language or as a foreign language in an immersion classroom, and examining how differences in L2 experience impacted English receptive vocabulary ability. Participant questionnaires yielded information on sources of L2 input and L2 interaction out-of-school. Results showed the groups were comparable for L2 input, but immersion learners experienced less interactional L2 use and also had significantly smaller L2 vocabularies. Out-of-school L2 experience explained more variance in receptive vocabulary for community-L2 participants, with more significant predictor variables than immersion-L2 participants. L2 interaction variables explained more variance than L2 input variables for both groups, indicating that, overall, interaction is a key source of L2 receptive vocabulary development.
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Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Research Articles
- Learning academic vocabulary through reading online news
- A Q methodological study into pre-service Chinese as a foreign language (CFL) teachers’ mindsets about teaching competencies
- Assessing written production in L2 Mandarin Chinese: fluency and accuracy
- Machine translation as a form of feedback on L2 writing
- Acquisition of collocations under different glossing modalities and the mediating role of learners’ perceptual learning style
- Unpacking changing emotions in multiple contexts: idiodynamic study of college students’ academic emotions
- Exploring L2 learners’ processing of unknown words during subtitled viewing through self-reports
- Model text as corrective feedback in L2 writing: the role of working memory and vocabulary size
- Exploring learner-related variables in child collaborative writing: interaction mindset, willingness to communicate and proficiency
- Contributions of significant others to second language teacher well-being: a self-determination theory perspective
- The stone left unturned: boredom among young EFL learners
- The impact of out-of-school L2 input and interaction on adolescent classroom immersion and community-L2 learners’ L2 vocabulary: opportunities for interaction are key
- Promoting interaction and lowering speaking anxiety in an EMI course: a group dynamic assessment approach
- Relationship between learner creativity, task planning, and speaking performance in L2 narrative tasks
- Influencing factors of L2 writers’ engagement in an assessment as learning-focused context
- The cognitive-emotional dialectics in second language development: speech and co-speech gestures of Chinese learners of English
- Impact of task type and task complexity on negotiation of meaning in young learners of Chinese as a second language
- Effects of working memory and task type on syntactic complexity in EFL learners’ writing
- Assessing effects of source text complexity on L2 learners’ interpreting performance: a dependency-based approach
- Incidental learning of collocations through reading an academic text
- Listenership always matters: active listening ability in L2 business English paired speaking tasks
- Enhancing the processing advantage: two psycholinguistic investigations of formulaic expressions in Chinese as a second language
- The effect of form presentation mode and language learning aptitude on the learning burden and decay of L2 vocabulary knowledge
- Examining the impact of foreign language anxiety and language contact on oral proficiency: a study of Chinese as a second language learners
- The dynamics of changes in linguistic complexity and writing scores in timed argumentative writing among beginning-level EFL learners
- Perception of English semivowels by Japanese-speaking learners of English
- Corrigendum
- Corrigendum to: Development and validation of Questionnaire for Self-regulated Learning Writing Strategies (QSRLWS) for EFL learners
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Research Articles
- Learning academic vocabulary through reading online news
- A Q methodological study into pre-service Chinese as a foreign language (CFL) teachers’ mindsets about teaching competencies
- Assessing written production in L2 Mandarin Chinese: fluency and accuracy
- Machine translation as a form of feedback on L2 writing
- Acquisition of collocations under different glossing modalities and the mediating role of learners’ perceptual learning style
- Unpacking changing emotions in multiple contexts: idiodynamic study of college students’ academic emotions
- Exploring L2 learners’ processing of unknown words during subtitled viewing through self-reports
- Model text as corrective feedback in L2 writing: the role of working memory and vocabulary size
- Exploring learner-related variables in child collaborative writing: interaction mindset, willingness to communicate and proficiency
- Contributions of significant others to second language teacher well-being: a self-determination theory perspective
- The stone left unturned: boredom among young EFL learners
- The impact of out-of-school L2 input and interaction on adolescent classroom immersion and community-L2 learners’ L2 vocabulary: opportunities for interaction are key
- Promoting interaction and lowering speaking anxiety in an EMI course: a group dynamic assessment approach
- Relationship between learner creativity, task planning, and speaking performance in L2 narrative tasks
- Influencing factors of L2 writers’ engagement in an assessment as learning-focused context
- The cognitive-emotional dialectics in second language development: speech and co-speech gestures of Chinese learners of English
- Impact of task type and task complexity on negotiation of meaning in young learners of Chinese as a second language
- Effects of working memory and task type on syntactic complexity in EFL learners’ writing
- Assessing effects of source text complexity on L2 learners’ interpreting performance: a dependency-based approach
- Incidental learning of collocations through reading an academic text
- Listenership always matters: active listening ability in L2 business English paired speaking tasks
- Enhancing the processing advantage: two psycholinguistic investigations of formulaic expressions in Chinese as a second language
- The effect of form presentation mode and language learning aptitude on the learning burden and decay of L2 vocabulary knowledge
- Examining the impact of foreign language anxiety and language contact on oral proficiency: a study of Chinese as a second language learners
- The dynamics of changes in linguistic complexity and writing scores in timed argumentative writing among beginning-level EFL learners
- Perception of English semivowels by Japanese-speaking learners of English
- Corrigendum
- Corrigendum to: Development and validation of Questionnaire for Self-regulated Learning Writing Strategies (QSRLWS) for EFL learners