Comparative evaluation of INF-γ as an immunological healing marker based on anti-tubercular treatment among diabetic and non-diabetic pulmonary tuberculosis patients

Birendra Kumar Yadav; Ashok Kumar Shah; Busi Karunanand; Dharampal Singh Sudan; Monika Sharma

doi:10.1515/hmbci-2022-0031

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Comparative evaluation of INF-γ as an immunological healing marker based on anti-tubercular treatment among diabetic and non-diabetic pulmonary tuberculosis patients

Birendra Kumar Yadav , Ashok Kumar Shah , Busi Karunanand , Dharampal Singh Sudan und Monika Sharma

Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 26. September 2022

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Aus der Zeitschrift Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation Band 44 Heft 1

Abstract

Objectives

Tuberculosis is an infectious airborne disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Pulmonary tuberculosis is the ninth most frequent complication of diabetes mellitus. The co-existence of TB and DM in patient causes severe TB symptoms, modify radiological findings, slower response to treatment outcomes and prognosis. IFN-γ is the key cytokine which play role in the protective immune response against mycobacterium infection. The main function of IFN-γ is macrophage activation which is able to exert its microbicidal functions. Estimation and comparison of pre and post treatment serum IFN-γ among pulmonary tuberculosis among diabetic and non-diabetic patients.

Methods

The study was conducted in the Departments of Biochemistry and Pulmonary Medicine, FMHS, SGT University, Budhera, Gurugram and District TB Centre, Gurugram, Haryana, India. In this study, 100 newly diagnosed PTB patients without diabetes mellitus and 100 newly diagnosed PTB patients with diabetes mellitus (PTB-DM) above 15 years of age were included after obtaining written consent. 5 mL venous blood was collected from patients of pre and post anti-tubercular treatment. The level of IFN-γ was measured by ELISA method.

Results

The circulating level of IFN-γ in PTB patients was significantly decreased in post-treatment (25.53 ± 6.12 pg/mL) compared to pre-treatment (58.76 ± 16.02 pg/mL) with t-value 32.03 and p-value <0.001. The circulating level of IFN-γ in PTB-DM patients was significantly decreased in post treatment (29.11 ± 7.41 pg/mL) compared to pre-treatment (44.14 ± 10.85 pg/mL) with t-value 31.35 and p-value <0.001. In the present study, level of IFN-γ in pre-treatment PTB patients (58.76 ± 16.02 pg/mL) was significantly raised compared to PTB-DM patients (44.14 ± 10.85 pg/mL) with t-value 7.55 and p-value <0.001. However, level of IFN-γ in post-treatment PTB patients (25.53 ± 6.12 pg/mL) was significantly low compared to PTB-DM patients (29.11 ± 7.41 pg/mL) with t-value 3.71 and p-value <0.001.

Conclusions

The decreased level of IFN-γ in post-treatment compared to pre-treatment in both PTB and PTB-DM patients had shown efficacy of anti-tubercular treatment. However, the post treatment level of IFN-γ was high in PTB-DM patients compared to PTB patients which verified that effect of ATT was low in PTB-DM.

Keywords: anti-tubercular treatment (ATT); diabetes mellitus (DM); interferon-gamma (IFN-γ); pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB); pulmonary tuberculosis with diabetes mellitus (PTB-DM); tuberculosis (TB)

Corresponding author: Dr. Ashok Kumar Shah, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Adesh Medical College & Hospital, Mohri-136134, Shahbad, Haryana, India, Phone: +91-9350310084, E-mail: drakshah17@gmail.com

Acknowledgment

We sincerely thank all the faculty members and non-teaching staffs of Departments of Biochemistry and Pulmonary Medicine, FMHS, SGT University, and District TB Officer, Medical Officers, counselors of DOTS centre, all TB health worker and laboratory technician of District TB Centre, Gurugram. The Special thanks to Mr. Sunil Kumar Chamola, Statistician, Department of Preventive & Social Medicine, FMHS, SGT University, Gurugram for his contribution in statistical analysis of this study. We are also thankful to all Laboratory technicians of Central Biochemistry Laboratory and all the nursing staffs of OPD and IPD of Pulmonary Medicine and, SGT University. Finally yet importantly, we thank all our patients without whom this study would never have been possible.

Research funding: None declared
Author contributions: All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.
Conflict of interest: None declared.

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Received: 2022-03-22

Accepted: 2022-07-20

Published Online: 2022-09-26

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Artikel in diesem Heft

https://doi.org/10.1515/hmbci-2022-0031

Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel

anti-tubercular treatment (ATT); diabetes mellitus (DM); interferon-gamma (IFN-γ); pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB); pulmonary tuberculosis with diabetes mellitus (PTB-DM); tuberculosis (TB)