Abstract
The morphological orders of spherulitic crystal patterns in a Belousov-Zhabotinsky-type oscillatory reaction system were studied. The experiments showed that the morphology of crystal patterns were highly dependent on the reaction temperature. The reaction was initially carried out at 30°C, leading to the growth of multi-centred spherulitic patterns. The single-centred spherulitic patterns with fairly large crystal fibrils were obtained at 35°C. A number of undersized crystal assemblies with fractal geometry were also investigated at 25°C. The gross morphology of the crystal patterns was examined using optical microscopy and a scanning electron microscope which revealed the fibrous organisations. A particle-mediated self-assembly scheme was proposed for the growth of the spherulitic patterns. The insight into the nucleation mechanism, growth behaviour, and morphological orders of the growing patterns is discussed in detail. The crystal phases, ordering of textures, and composition of the crystals were characterised by thermal and X-ray diffraction techniques
References
Beck, R., & Andreassen, J. P. (2010). Spherulitic growth of calcium carbonate. Crystal Growth & Design, 10, 2934-2947. DOI: 10.1021/cg901460g.Suche in Google Scholar
Chow, P. S., Liu, X. Y., Zhang, J., & Tan, R. B. H. (2002). Spherulitic growth kinetics of protein crystals. Applied Physics Letter, 81, 1975-1977. DOI: 10.1063/1.1506208.Suche in Google Scholar
Das, I., Goel, N., Agarwal, N. R., & Gupta, S. K. (2010). Growth patterns of dendrimers and electric potential oscillations during electropolymerization of pyrrole using monoand mixed surfactants. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 114, 12888-12896. DOI: 10.1021/jp105183q.Suche in Google Scholar
Ferreiro, V., Douglas, J. F., Warren, J., & Karim, A. (2002). Growth pulsations in symmetric dendritic crystallization in thin polymer blend films. Physical Review E, 65, 051606. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevE.65.051606.Suche in Google Scholar
Gan, Z. H., Abe, H., & Doi, Y. (2001). Crystallization, melting, and enzymatic degradation of biodegradable poly(butylene succinate-co-14 mol % ethylene succinate) copolyester. Biomacromolecules, 2, 313-321. DOI: 10.1021/bm0056557.Suche in Google Scholar
Goldenfeld, N. (1987). Theory of spherulitic crystallization. Journal of Crystal Growth, 84, 601-608. DOI: 10.1016/0022-0248(87)90051-0.Suche in Google Scholar
Gómez, A., Luque, J. J., & Córdoba, A. (2005). Fractal structures for a catalysed reaction on homogenous and fractal surfaces. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 24, 151-156. DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2003.12.106.Suche in Google Scholar
Gránásy, L., Pusztai, T., B¨orzs¨onyi, T., Warren, J. A., & Douglas, J. F. (2004). A general mechanism of polycrystalline growth. Nature Materials, 3, 645-650. DOI: 10.1038/nmat1190.Suche in Google Scholar
Gránásy, L., Pusztai, T., Tegze, G.,Warren, J. A., & Douglas, J. F. (2005). Growth and form of spherulites. Physical Review E, 72, 011605. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevE.72.011605.Suche in Google Scholar
Gránásy, L., Pusztai, T., B¨orzs¨onyi, T., Tóth, G. I., Tegze, G., Warren, J. A., & Douglas, J. F. (2006). Polycrystalline patterns in far-from-equilibrium freezing: a phase field study. Philosophical Magazine, 86, 3757-3778. DOI: 10.1080/14786430500198569.Suche in Google Scholar
He, Z., & Olley, R. H. (2000). On spherulitic forms in an aromatic polyesteramide. Polymers, 41, 1157-1165. DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(99)00253-0.Suche in Google Scholar
Hoffman, J. D., &Miller, R. L. (1989). Surface nucleation theory for chain-folded systems with lattice strain: curved edges. Macromolecules, 22, 3038-3054. DOI: 10.1021/ma00197a027.Suche in Google Scholar
Hoffman, J. D., & Miller, R. L. (1997). Kinetic of crystallization from the melt and chain folding in polyethylene fractions revisited: theory and experiment. Polymer, 38, 3151-3212. DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(97)00071-2.Suche in Google Scholar
Hutter, J. L., & Bechhoefer, J. (1997). Many modes of rapid solidification in a liquid crystal. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, 239, 103-110. DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4371(97)00024-1.Suche in Google Scholar
Hutter, J. L., & Bechhoefer, J. (1999). Morphology transitions in diffusion- and kinetics-limited solidification of a liquid crystal. Physical Review E, 59, 4342-4352. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevE.59.4342.Suche in Google Scholar
Hutter, J. L., & Bechhoefer, J. (2000). Banded spherulitic growth in a liquid crystals. Journal of Crystal Growth, 217, 332-343. DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0248(00)00479-6.Suche in Google Scholar
Keith, H. D., & Padden, F. J., Jr. (1963). A phenomenological theory of spherulitic crystallization. Journal of Applied Physics, 34, 2409-2421. DOI: 10.1063/1.1702757.Suche in Google Scholar
Kyu, T., Chiu, H. W., Guenthner, A. J., Okabe, Y., Saito, H., & Inoue, T. (1999). Rhythmic growth of target and spiral spherulites of crystalline polymer blends. Physical Review Letter, 83, 2749-2752. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.83.2749.Suche in Google Scholar
Langer, J. S. (1980). Instabilities and pattern formation in crystal growth. Reviews on Modern Physics, 52, 1-28. DOI: 10.1103/RevModPhys.52.1.Suche in Google Scholar
Liu, X. Y., & Sawant, P. D. (2002). Mechanism of the formation of self-organized microstructures in soft functional materials. Advanced Materials, 14, 421-426. DOI: 10.1002/1521-4095(20020318)14:6<421::AID-ADMA421>3.0.CO;2-7.Suche in Google Scholar
Magill, J. H. (2001). Review spherulites: A personal perspective. Journal of Material Science, 36, 3143-3163. DOI: 10.1023/a:1017974016928.Suche in Google Scholar
Mullins,W.W., & Sekerka, R. F. (1963). Morphological stability of a particle growing by diffusion or heat flow. Journal of Applied Physics, 34, 323-329. DOI: 10.1063/1.1702607.Suche in Google Scholar
Murray, S. B., & Neville, A. C. (1998). The role of pH, temperature and nucleation in the formation of cholesteric liquid crystal spherulites from chitin and chitosan. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 22, 137-144. DOI: 10.1016/s0141-8130(98)00002-6.Suche in Google Scholar
Noyes, R. M., (1990). Mechanisms of some chemical oscillators. The Journal of Physical Chemistry, 94, 4404-4412. DOI: 10.1021/j100374a010.Suche in Google Scholar
Okabe, Y., Kyu, T., Sato, H., & Inoue, T. (1998). Spiral crystal growth in blends of poly(vinylidene fluoride) and poly(vinyl acetate). Macromolecules, 31, 5823-5829. DOI: 10.1021/ma980668m.Suche in Google Scholar
Okada, T., Saito, H., & Inoue, T. (1994). Kinetic studies of crystallization in mixtures of isotactic polystyrene and atactic polystyrene. Polymer, 35, 5699-5705. DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(05)80044-8.Suche in Google Scholar
Ruoff, P. (1984). Oscillation inhibition by bromide-removing reagents near the transition to the excitable steady state in the closed stirred Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction. The Journal of Physical Chemistry, 88, 1058-1060. DOI: 10.1021/ j150650a004.Suche in Google Scholar
Salter, L. F., & Sheppard, J. G. (1982). A dual-frequency Belousov Zhabotinskii oscillating reaction with ethyl acetoacetate as organic substrate. International Journal of Chemical Kinetics, 14, 815-821. DOI: 10.1002/kin.550140802.Suche in Google Scholar
Singfield, K. L., Klass, J. M., & Brown, G. R. (1995). Optically active polyethers. 2. Atomic force microscopy of melt-crystallized poly(epichlorohydrin) enantiomers and their equimolar blend. Macromolecules, 28, 8006-8015. DOI: 10.1021/ma00128a006.Suche in Google Scholar
Sunde, M., & Blake, C. (1997). The structure of amyloid fibrils by electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Advance in Protein Chemistry, 50, 123-159. DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3233(08)60320-4.Suche in Google Scholar
Tegze, G., Gránásy, L., Tóth, G. I., Douglas, J. F., & Pusztai, T. (2011). Tuning the structure of non-equilibrium soft materials by varying the thermodynamic driving force for crystal ordering. Soft Matter, 7, 1789-1799. DOI: 10.1039/c0sm00944j.Suche in Google Scholar
Mareau, V. H., & Prud’homme, R. P. (2002). Dual growth rates and morphologies of isothermally crystallized miscible polymer blends. Macromolecules, 35, 5338-5341. DOI: 10.1021/ma011989s.Suche in Google Scholar
Wang, R. Y., Liu, X. Y., Xiong, J. Y., & Li, J. L. (2006). Realtime observation of fiber network formation in molecular organogel: Supersaturation-dependent microstructure and its related rheological property. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 110, 7275-7280. DOI: 10.1021/jp054531r.Suche in Google Scholar
Yadav, N., & Srivastava, P. K. (2011). Growth of spherulitic crystal patterns in a Belousov-Zhabotinski type reaction system. New Journal of Chemistry, 35, 1080-1087. DOI: 10.1039/c0nj00798f.Suche in Google Scholar
Yadav, N., Majhi, S. S., & Srivastava, P. K. (2012). Growth mechanism and crystal ordering of spherulitic patterns in a Belousov-Zhabotinsky type reaction system. Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society, 33, 3397-3406. DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2012.33.10.3397.Suche in Google Scholar
Yen, K. C., Woo, E. M., & Tashiro, K. (2010). Six types of spherulite morphologies with polymorphic crystals in poly(heptamethylene terephthalate). Polymer, 51, 5592-5603. DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.09.031.Suche in Google Scholar
Yu, L. (2003). Growth rings in D-sorbitol spherulites: Connection to concomitant polymorphs and growth kinetics. Crystal Growth & Design, 3, 967-971. DOI: 10.1021/cg034062n. Suche in Google Scholar
© 2015 Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Liquid–liquid extraction and cloud point extraction for spectrophotometric determination of vanadium using 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol
- Sensitive and selective determination of peptides, PG and PGP, using a novel fluorogenic reagent 4-chlorobenzene-1,2-diol
- Spectroscopy studies of sandwich-type complex of silver(I) co-ordinated to nuclear fast red and adenine and its analytical applications
- Differentiation of selected blue writing inks by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
- A simple pyridine-based colorimetric chemosensor for highly sensitive and selective mercury(II) detection with the naked eye
- Phospho sulfonic acid as efficient heterogeneous Brønsted acidic catalyst for one-pot synthesis of 14H-dibenzo[a,j ]xanthenes and 1,8-dioxo-octahydro-xanthenes
- Microfiltration of post-fermentation broth with backflushing membrane cleaning
- Mass transfer examination in electrodialysis using limiting current measurements
- Determination of diffusivity from mass transfer measurements in a batch dialyzer: numerical analysis of pseudo-steady state approximation
- Structural and thermal characterization of copper(II) complexes with phenyl-2-pyridylketoxime and deposition of thin films by spin coating
- Oxidation of 4-nitro-o-xylene with nitric acid using N-hydroxyphthalimide under phase transfer conditions
- Synthesis of pyranopyrazoles, benzopyrans, amino-2-chromenes and dihydropyrano[c]chromenes using ionic liquid with dual Brønsted acidic and Lewis basic sites
- Eco-friendly conjugate hydrocyanation of α-cyanoacrylates using potassium hexacyanoferrate(II) as cyanating reagent
- Morphological orders of spherulitic crystal textures in Belousov–Zhabotinsky-type oscillatory reaction system
- Zwitterionic structures of selenocysteine-containing dipeptides and their interactions with Cu(II) ions
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Liquid–liquid extraction and cloud point extraction for spectrophotometric determination of vanadium using 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol
- Sensitive and selective determination of peptides, PG and PGP, using a novel fluorogenic reagent 4-chlorobenzene-1,2-diol
- Spectroscopy studies of sandwich-type complex of silver(I) co-ordinated to nuclear fast red and adenine and its analytical applications
- Differentiation of selected blue writing inks by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
- A simple pyridine-based colorimetric chemosensor for highly sensitive and selective mercury(II) detection with the naked eye
- Phospho sulfonic acid as efficient heterogeneous Brønsted acidic catalyst for one-pot synthesis of 14H-dibenzo[a,j ]xanthenes and 1,8-dioxo-octahydro-xanthenes
- Microfiltration of post-fermentation broth with backflushing membrane cleaning
- Mass transfer examination in electrodialysis using limiting current measurements
- Determination of diffusivity from mass transfer measurements in a batch dialyzer: numerical analysis of pseudo-steady state approximation
- Structural and thermal characterization of copper(II) complexes with phenyl-2-pyridylketoxime and deposition of thin films by spin coating
- Oxidation of 4-nitro-o-xylene with nitric acid using N-hydroxyphthalimide under phase transfer conditions
- Synthesis of pyranopyrazoles, benzopyrans, amino-2-chromenes and dihydropyrano[c]chromenes using ionic liquid with dual Brønsted acidic and Lewis basic sites
- Eco-friendly conjugate hydrocyanation of α-cyanoacrylates using potassium hexacyanoferrate(II) as cyanating reagent
- Morphological orders of spherulitic crystal textures in Belousov–Zhabotinsky-type oscillatory reaction system
- Zwitterionic structures of selenocysteine-containing dipeptides and their interactions with Cu(II) ions