Music training and the use of songs or rhythm: Do they help for lexical stress processing?
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Pauline Degrave
Abstract
Previous studies revealed that musicians outperformed non-musicians in different language tasks and that the use of music or rhythm in teaching material can benefit language learning. Here, we examined whether music, as a learner’s characteristic (musicians/non-musicians) or as a characteristic of the task (use of music or beat) can facilitate foreign language lexical stress processing. 25 non-musician and 21 musician French native speakers performed a discrimination task in which stimuli were either naturally spoken, spoken with a beat on the lexical stress, or sung. The participants heard 96 stimuli of three Dutch (non)words varying in the lexical stress position and mentioned which of the last two words was pronounced as the first. The results show that musicians outperformed non-musicians, that the accuracy rate is higher for sung stimuli and spoken stimuli with a beat than for spoken stimuli and that music training interacts with the musical characteristics of the stimuli.
Acknowledgement
The author thanks Prof. Dr. Philippe Hiligsmann, Prof. Dr. Mariane Frenay, and Prof. Dr. Liesbeth Degand for their constructive comments and suggestions throughout the whole research project and Dr. Karen M. Ludke who provided useful feedback on an earlier version of this article. The author also thanks Géraldine De Baets and Dr. Luk Van Mensel for the recording of the stimuli and Dr. Jonathan Dedonder, and Dr. Nathalie Lefèvre for their methodological and statistical advice. The author is also immensely grateful to all the participants for their contribution to the data collection and to the anonymous reviewer for the constructive comments on a previous version of this paper.
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Funding: This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
Appendix A Example of the music sheet used for the stimuli with the stress on the first syllable
Appendix B Example of the music sheet used for the stimuli with the stress on the second syllable
Appendix C List of the test- and exercise-trials and their characteristics
| Stimulus XAB | Block | Type of stimulus | Response position | Word/nonword |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| doorboren – doorboren – doorboren | 1 | Spoken | X = B | Word |
| voorbrezen – voorbrezen – voorbrezen | 1 | Spoken | X = A | Nonword |
| omrellen – omrellen – omrellen | 1 | Spoken | X = neither A nor B | Nonword |
| doorkleken – doorkleken – doorkleken | 1 | Spoken | X = B | Nonword |
| omtrekken – omtrekken – omtrekken | 1 | Spoken | X = A | Word |
| omkneden – omkneden – omkneden | 1 | Spoken | X = neither A nor B | Nonword |
| doorlopen – doorlopen – doorlopen | 1 | Spoken | X = neither A nor B | Word |
| doorkoven – doorkoven – doorkoven | 1 | Spoken | X = neither A nor B | Nonword |
| doorlezen – doorlezen – doorlezen | 1 | Spoken | X = both A and B | Word |
| omgeven – omgeven – omgeven | 1 | Spoken | X = both A and B | Word |
| voorspellen – voorspellen – voorspellen | 1 | Spoken | X = both A and B | Word |
| omkrullen – omkrullen – omkrullen | 1 | Spoken with a beat | X = B | Word |
| voltrerren – voltrerren – voltrerren | 1 | Spoken with a beat | X = B | Nonword |
| omboken – omboken – omboken | 1 | Spoken with a beat | X = neither A nor B | Nonword |
| doorkerven – doorkerven – doorkerven | 1 | Spoken with a beat | X = B | Word |
| doorlelen – doorlelen – doorlelen | 1 | Spoken with a beat | X = B | Nonword |
| volmaken – volmaken – volmaken | 1 | Spoken with a beat | X = A | Word |
| omgennen – omgennen – omgennen | 1 | Spoken with a beat | X = A | Nonword |
| doorkruisen – doorkruisen – doorkruisen | 1 | Spoken with a beat | X = neither A nor B | Word |
| omkruden – omkruden – omkruden | 1 | Spoken with a beat | X = both A and B | Nonword |
| doorkemmen – doorkemmen – doorkemmen | 1 | Spoken with a beat | X = both A and B | Nonword |
| omzeffen – omzeffen – omzeffen | 1 | Sung | X = B | Nonword |
| doorkruigen – doorkruigen – doorkruigen | 1 | Sung | X = A | Nonword |
| voorkliepen – voorkliepen – voorkliepen | 1 | Sung | X = A | Nonword |
| omrennen – omrennen – omrennen | 1 | Sung | X = B | Nonword |
| doorspessen – doorspessen – doorspessen | 1 | Sung | X = B | Nonword |
| doorloken – doorloken – doorloken | 1 | Sung | X = B | Nonword |
| voorzeggen – voorzeggen – voorzeggen | 1 | Sung | X = A | Word |
| doorbreken – doorbreken – doorbreken | 1 | Sung | X = A | Word |
| doorklieven – doorklieven – doorklieven | 1 | Sung | X = neither A nor B | Word |
| omkleden – omkleden – omkleden | 1 | Sung | X = both A and B | Word |
| omkneven – omkneven – omkneven | 1 | Sung | X = both A and B | Nonword |
| omkneven – omkneven – omkneven | 2 | Spoken | X = B | Nonword |
| doorbreken – doorbreken – doorbreken | 2 | Spoken | X = A | Word |
| voorzeggen – voorzeggen – voorzeggen | 2 | Spoken | X = A | Word |
| doorkerven – doorkerven – doorkerven | 2 | Spoken | X = neither A nor B | Word |
| voltrerren – voltrerren – voltrerren | 2 | Spoken | X = neither A nor B | Nonword |
| omkrullen – omkrullen – omkrullen | 2 | Spoken | X = B | Word |
| omzeffen – omzeffen – omzeffen | 2 | Spoken | X = B | Nonword |
| doorspessen – doorspessen – doorspessen | 2 | Spoken | X = neither A nor B | Nonword |
| doorkruigen – doorkruigen – doorkruigen | 2 | Spoken | X = both A and B | Nonword |
| doorlelen – doorlelen – doorlelen | 2 | Spoken | X = both A and B | Nonword |
| omgennen – omgennen – omgennen | 2 | Spoken | X = both A and B | Nonword |
| doorloken – doorloken – doorloken | 2 | Spoken with a beat | X = B | Nonword |
| doorboren – doorboren – doorboren | 2 | Spoken with a beat | X = A | Word |
| omkneden – omkneden – omkneden | 2 | Spoken with a beat | X = A | Nonword |
| omrennen – omrennen – omrennen | 2 | Spoken with a beat | X = neither A nor B | Nonword |
| voorkliepen – voorkliepen – voorkliepen | 2 | Spoken with a beat | X = neither A nor B | Nonword |
| omkleden – omkleden – omkleden | 2 | Spoken with a beat | X = B | Word |
| doorkoven – doorkoven – doorkoven | 2 | Spoken with a beat | X = B | Nonword |
| doorklieven – doorklieven – doorklieven | 2 | Spoken with a beat | X = A | Word |
| omtrekken – omtrekken – omtrekken | 2 | Spoken with a beat | X = neither A nor B | Word |
| doorlopen – doorlopen – doorlopen | 2 | Spoken with a beat | X = both A and B | Word |
| voorspellen – voorspellen – voorspellen | 2 | Spoken with a beat | X = both A and B | Word |
| volmaken – volmaken – volmaken | 2 | Sung | X = B | Word |
| omgeven – omgeven – omgeven | 2 | Sung | X = neither A nor B | Word |
| omkruden – omkruden – omkruden | 2 | Sung | X = neither A nor B | Nonword |
| omrellen – omrellen – omrellen | 2 | Sung | X = neither A nor B | Nonword |
| doorlezen – doorlezen – doorlezen | 2 | Sung | X = neither A nor B | Word |
| omboken – omboken – omboken | 2 | Sung | X = neither A nor B | Nonword |
| voorbrezen – voorbrezen – voorbrezen | 2 | Sung | X = both A and B | Nonword |
| doorkemmen – doorkemmen – doorkemmen | 2 | Sung | X = both A and B | Nonword |
| doorkruisen – doorkruisen – doorkruisen | 2 | Sung | X = both A and B | Word |
| doorkleken – doorkleken – doorkleken | 2 | Sung | X = both A and B | Nonword |
| omkleden – omkleden – omkleden | 3 | Spoken | X = B | Word |
| doorkemmen – doorkemmen – doorkemmen | 3 | Spoken | X = B | Nonword |
| omkruden – omkruden – omkruden | 3 | Spoken | X = A | Nonword |
| volmaken – volmaken – volmaken | 3 | Spoken | X = neither A nor B | Word |
| doorklieven – doorklieven – doorklieven | 3 | Spoken | X = B | Word |
| doorkruisen – doorkruisen – doorkruisen | 3 | Spoken | X = A | Word |
| doorloken – doorloken – doorloken | 3 | Spoken | X = A | Nonword |
| omboken – omboken – omboken | 3 | Spoken | X = A | Nonword |
| voorkliepen – voorkliepen – voorkliepen | 3 | Spoken | X = both A and B | Nonword |
| omrennen – omrennen – omrennen | 3 | Spoken | X = both A and B | Nonword |
| doorlezen – doorlezen – doorlezen | 3 | Spoken with a beat | X = B | Word |
| omrellen – omrellen – omrellen | 3 | Spoken with a beat | X = A | Nonword |
| doorkleken – doorkleken – doorkleken | 3 | Spoken with a beat | X = A | Nonword |
| doorbreken – doorbreken – doorbreken | 3 | Spoken with a beat | X = neither A nor B | Word |
| voorbrezen – voorbrezen – voorbrezen | 3 | Spoken with a beat | X = A | Nonword |
| omzeffen – omzeffen – omzeffen | 3 | Spoken with a beat | X = neither A nor B | Nonword |
| doorkruigen – doorkruigen – doorkruigen | 3 | Spoken with a beat | X = neither A nor B | Nonword |
| omkneven – omkneven – omkneven | 3 | Spoken with a beat | X = both A and B | Nonword |
| omgeven – omgeven – omgeven | 3 | Spoken with a beat | X = both A and B | Word |
| voorzeggen – voorzeggen – voorzeggen | 3 | Spoken with a beat | X = both A and B | Word |
| doorspessen – doorspessen – doorspessen | 3 | Spoken with a beat | X = both A and B | Nonword |
| doorboren – doorboren – doorboren | 3 | Sung | X = B | Word |
| voorspellen – voorspellen – voorspellen | 3 | Sung | X = A | Word |
| omtrekken – omtrekken – omtrekken | 3 | Sung | X = A | Word |
| voltrerren – voltrerren – voltrerren | 3 | Sung | X = A | Nonword |
| doorkerven – doorkerven – doorkerven | 3 | Sung | X = neither A nor B | Word |
| doorlopen – doorlopen – doorlopen | 3 | Sung | X = B | Word |
| doorlelen – doorlelen – doorlelen | 3 | Sung | X = A | Nonword |
| doorkoven – doorkoven – doorkoven | 3 | Sung | X = A | Nonword |
| omgennen – omgennen – omgennen | 3 | Sung | X = neither A nor B | Nonword |
| omkneden – omkneden – omkneden | 3 | Sung | X = both A and B | Nonword |
| omkrullen – omkrullen – omkrullen | 3 | Sung | X = both A and B | Word |
| omgeven – omgeven – omgeven | Practice 1 | Spoken | X = B | Word |
| voorbrezen – voorbrezen – voorbrezen | Practice 2 | Sung | X = A | Nonword |
| doorlopen – doorlopen – doorlopen | Practice 3 | Spoken with a beat | X = both A and B | Word |
| omkleden – omkleden – omkleden | Practice 4 | Sung | X = neither A nor B | Word |
| voltrerren – voltrerren – voltrerren | Practice 5 | Spoken with a beat | X = B | Nonword |
| omrennen – omrennen – omrennen | Practice 6 | Spoken | X = both A and B | Nonword |
Appendix D List of instruments played by the musician participants and number of players per instrument
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© 2020 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Research Articles
- A double-edged sword: Metaphor and metonymy through pictures for learning idioms
- The functional roles of lexical devices in second language learners’ encoding of temporality: A study of Mandarin Chinese-speaking ESL learners
- The same cloze for all occasions?
- The effect of written text on comprehension of spoken English as a foreign language: A replication study
- Cut-offs and co-occurring gestures: Similarities between speakers’ first and second languages
- Bilingual patterns of path encoding: A study of Polish L1-German L2 and Polish L1-Spanish L2 speakers
- Concordancing in writing pedagogy and CAF measures of writing
- D-linked and non-d-linked wh-questions in L2 French and L3 English
- Effects of pragmatic instruction on EFL teenagers’ apologetic email writing: Comprehension, production, and cognitive processes
- Music training and the use of songs or rhythm: Do they help for lexical stress processing?
- Second language processing of English past tense morphology: The role of working memory
- Recasts versus clarification requests: The relevance of linguistic target, proficiency, and communicative ability
- The role of self-construal in EFL vocabulary learning
- The cross-sectional development of verb–noun collocations as constructions in L2 writing
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Research Articles
- A double-edged sword: Metaphor and metonymy through pictures for learning idioms
- The functional roles of lexical devices in second language learners’ encoding of temporality: A study of Mandarin Chinese-speaking ESL learners
- The same cloze for all occasions?
- The effect of written text on comprehension of spoken English as a foreign language: A replication study
- Cut-offs and co-occurring gestures: Similarities between speakers’ first and second languages
- Bilingual patterns of path encoding: A study of Polish L1-German L2 and Polish L1-Spanish L2 speakers
- Concordancing in writing pedagogy and CAF measures of writing
- D-linked and non-d-linked wh-questions in L2 French and L3 English
- Effects of pragmatic instruction on EFL teenagers’ apologetic email writing: Comprehension, production, and cognitive processes
- Music training and the use of songs or rhythm: Do they help for lexical stress processing?
- Second language processing of English past tense morphology: The role of working memory
- Recasts versus clarification requests: The relevance of linguistic target, proficiency, and communicative ability
- The role of self-construal in EFL vocabulary learning
- The cross-sectional development of verb–noun collocations as constructions in L2 writing
