Volume 68, Issue 2

Englisch: The paper focuses on a peculiar German nominal construction which contains a certain type of uninflected postnominal adjectives that are used attributively. These adjectives have a semantically intensifying function as in for example Hektik pur and they constitute a small closed list ( brutal , light , pur , total , satt ). The central aim of this paper consists in presenting and evaluating different proposals for the translation of this particular German construction into Italian on the basis of an empirical analysis of concrete examples. Furthermore, the article analyses how the construction under study is treated in current German grammatical writing, discusses its syntax and offers some novel theses on its semantics.

The use of English words has become a fashionable trend, something that is reflected in journalistic texts and adversely affects the language of Kazakhstan. This study is aimed at investigating the linguistic and cognitive-pragmatic aspects of Anglicisms in media language and media texts in Kazakhstan. The leading methods of investigating this issue are the literary method, the method of cognitive linguistics, methods of classification, induction, deduction, generalisation, and comparison of cultural, socio-psychological and philological approaches, which will help to identify the influence and function of Anglicisms in Kazakhstan. The authors of this study have performed a detailed analysis of the literature and the content, clarifying the characteristics and features of this phenomenon. The study generalises the main inherent features of borrowings in the Kazakh language, describes the functions of borrowings in media texts, demonstrates certain aspects of the communicative potential of Anglicisms, considers the specific features of the influence of these words and phrases on the development of linguistic personality, describes the topics and situations of the use of English borrowings in the media of Kazakhstan, diagnoses the number of these words in media texts, and demonstrates the prospects for the development of this vocabulary in the media resources of Kazakhstan.

Proverbial expressions are linguistic elements that represent the images and values of a society. This study examines the portrayal of women in Jordanian proverbial expressions. It attempts to answer the following question: How are women portrayed in Jordanian folk proverbs? To this end, seventy-eight Jordanian proverbs related to women were collected through interviews and from published folklore books. Employing thematic analysis, the data were classified into eight categories, namely, women as wives, unmarried women, women as mothers, women as daughters, widowed women, divorced women, women as relatives-in-law and women in general. The analysis also shows that women are represented both negatively and positively in all categories. However, the negative image of women depicted in the proverbs exceeds the positive one. Based on the conclusions, some future research was suggested.

Specialised terminology plays a central role in conference interpreting, both simultaneous and consecutive, as well as in the preparation phase preceding an interpreting assignment. This applies both when rendering from the mother tongue (A language) into the foreign language (B language) and when interpreting from B language to A language.However, terminology preparation is particularly important in the A-B language direction, as it is often the case that it is not a term as such that creates translation difficulties, but rather the context in which it appears. The author therefore intends to propose a preparation model based on a syntagmatic approach and a contrastive analysis, which makes it possible to analyse terms placed in a given context of use and to identify their respective translation equivalents in the B language on the basis of the syntactic “framework” in which the term in question occurs. This method of preparation is intended to make a contribution to the debate on directionality in the field of interpreting in support of the thesis according to which “ True interpretation can also occur in one’s B language”.

Due to the system-bound nature of the law, when a legal text rooted in a legal system A is translated to be received in a legal system B, the translator must deal with the challenges arising from the asymmetries between the legal systems involved. The purpose of this paper is to dive deeper into the nature of these asymmetries and its implications for the translation process. Due to its relevance for professional translation practice, we have chosen the legal subdomain of cross-border criminal prosecution between Spain and Germany as a case study. First, the translation situations that typically arise in these settings are described. Secondly, applying the methodology of comparative law, some important connecting and differentiating points of criminal proceedings in Germany and Spain are outlined. Thirdly, the asymmetries between the two legal systems that have been identified in the comparative legal study are revised to determine their origins and to decide whether a typology can be established for translation purposes. As a last step, the adequate translation method for these settings is discussed and possible translation techniques are outlined.

In multi-legislative states, there is no uniformity, but rather a possible diversity of legal responses to the same subject matter. This diversity can occur in all sectors of law if the political and legal autonomy of the communities that make up the State is very broad or only in one or some of the sectors, with uniform legislation in the remaining sectors. This situation is in fact applicable to Spain and has given rise to an important terminological diversity in the treatment of various sectors where both the Spanish State and the Autonomous Communities have legislative powers. We have studied this question in the framework of civil partnerships a frequent phenomenon in modern Western societies due to the marked social changes that have taken place in the field of family relations in the preceding decades. Using a corpus of regulations on this subject enacted by regional legislators, we have been able to observe a considerable terminological variation, both formal and conceptual, which is due to different linguistic and extra-linguistic factors. We also analysed the repercussions and problems that this variation can have on the translation of legal documentation in this field.

Machine translation from small into big languages, in our case a transfer from Slovak into German, has not yet undergone thorough research. Our goal is an analysis and comparison of machine translation (MT) and post-edited machine translation (PEMT) errors with human translation (HT) as well as detecting the efficiency rate of post-editing within that mentioned comparison. Hereby we apply a method of automatic and manual metrics by percentages and evaluation numbers. Results indicate that post-editing is more efficient which however does not mean that human translation has a lower quality. A higher degree of freedom of HT allows for more creative solutions contrasting with post-edited MT in the results.

This article explores the concept of artificial intelligence (AI) literacy in the context of the language industry, placing particular emphasis on recent large language models such as GPT-4. After a brief introduction in which the relevance of AI literacy in the language industry is highlighted, the article provides a concise overview of artificial neural networks and a brief history of neural network-based artificial intelligence. This is intended to lay the conceptual groundwork for the subsequent discussion of the basic principles and capabilities of large language models. Then, the article investigates in detail the concept of AI literacy, discussing the AI Literacy Framework proposed by Long/Magerko (2020) and illustrating the interface between AI literacy and the two adjacent digital literacies of professional machine translation literacy and data literacy. The article then zooms in on the practical applicability of AI technologies by discussing areas where workflows in the language industry (with a focus on the computer-assisted translation process) could be automated or optimised through large language models. The article concludes with some general reflections on the relevance of field-specific and societal AI literacy in the presence of powerful AI technologies.