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Out-of-pile chemical compatibility of Pb–Bi eutectic alloy with Graphite

  • A. K. Sengupta EMAIL logo , R. K. Bhagat , A. Laik , G. B. Kale , T. Jarvis , S. Majumdar and H. S. Kamath
Published/Copyright: January 11, 2022
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International Journal of Materials Research
From the journal International Journal of Materials Research Volume 97 Issue 6

Abstract

Lead Bismuth eutectic alloy (Pb: 55.5 wt.%, Bi: 44.5 wt.%) is a potential candidate coolant material for high-temperature reactors because of its low melting point (124 °C), high thermal conductivity, heat capacity, and better neutronic properties. Out-of-pile chemical compatibility studies of this coolant with graphite (coolant channel) have been carried out by isothermal annealing of the liquid alloy in a graphite crucible at 800, 900, 1000, and 1100 °C for times ranging from 100 h to 1000 h. Formation of a reaction layer is observed. The growth rate of the reaction layer follows a parabolic law. Reaction layer thicknesses of 61.3 μm and 121 μm are estimated from the growth rate vs. time relation after 1 year and 5 years respectively. The growth of the reaction layer is diffusion-controlled and the activation energy of the reaction is estimated to be 100 KJ/mol.

Keywords: Lead bismuth eutectic alloy; Coolant; Graphite; Chemical compatibility; EPMA
Dr. A. K. Sengupta Radiometallurgy Division Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Mumbai-400085, India Tel.: +91 22 2559 3933 Fax: +91 22 2550 5151

  1. Authors sincerely thank Mr. V. D Pandey for the support provided for sample preparation.

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Received: 2004-11-26
Accepted: 2005-10-02
Published Online: 2022-01-11

© 2006 Carl Hanser Verlag, München

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Microstructure and mechanical behavior of Pt-modified NiAl diffusion coatings
  3. Evolution of C-rich SiOC ceramics
  4. Evolution of C-rich SiOC ceramics
  5. Nanostructured SiC/BN/C ceramics derived from mixtures of B3N3H6 and [HSi(Me)C≡C]n
  6. Thermodynamic analysis of structural transformations induced by annealing of amorphous Si–C–N ceramics derived from polymer precursors
  7. Thermodynamic modelling of the Ce–Ni system
  8. Thermodynamic assessment of the Ce–O system in solid state from 60 to 67 mol.% O
  9. Phase transformations of iron nitrides at low temperatures (< 700 K) – application of mechanical mixtures of powders of nitrides and iron
  10. Effect of organic self-assembled monolayers on the deposition and adhesion of hydroxyapatite coatings on titanium
  11. Reconstruction and structural transition at metal/diamond interfaces
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  13. High-temperature plasticity of SiC sintered with Lu2O3-AlN additives
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  15. XRD and TEM study of NiO–LSGM reactivity
  16. Microstructure and dielectric properties of nanoscale oxide layers on sintered capacitor-grade niobium and V-doped niobium powder compacts
  17. Knudsen effusion mass spectrometric studies of the Al–Ni system: Thermodynamic properties over {AlNi + Al3Ni2} and {Al3Ni2 + Al3Ni}
  18. Aqueous solution deposition of indium hydroxide and indium oxide columnar type thin films
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  22. Out-of-pile chemical compatibility of Pb–Bi eutectic alloy with Graphite
  23. Microstructural characterisation of a Co–Cr–Mo laser clad applied on railway wheels
  24. The Na–H system: from first-principles calculations to thermodynamic modeling
  25. Personal
  26. Conferences
  27. Frontmatter
  28. Basic
  29. Microstructure and mechanical behavior of Pt-modified NiAl diffusion coatings
  30. Evolution of C-rich SiOC ceramics
  31. Evolution of C-rich SiOC ceramics
  32. Nanostructured SiC/BN/C ceramics derived from mixtures of B3N3H6 and [HSi(Me)C≡C]n
  33. Thermodynamic analysis of structural transformations induced by annealing of amorphous Si–C–N ceramics derived from polymer precursors
  34. Thermodynamic modelling of the Ce–Ni system
  35. Thermodynamic assessment of the Ce–O system in solid state from 60 to 67 mol.% O
  36. Phase transformations of iron nitrides at low temperatures (< 700 K) – application of mechanical mixtures of powders of nitrides and iron
  37. Effect of organic self-assembled monolayers on the deposition and adhesion of hydroxyapatite coatings on titanium
  38. Reconstruction and structural transition at metal/diamond interfaces
  39. Applied
  40. Microstructure, hardness, and fracture toughness evolution of hot-pressed SiC/Si3N4 nano/micro composite after high-temperature treatment
  41. High-temperature plasticity of SiC sintered with Lu2O3-AlN additives
  42. Interaction of functionalised surfaces on silica with dissolved metal cations in aqueous solutions
  43. XRD and TEM study of NiO–LSGM reactivity
  44. Microstructure and dielectric properties of nanoscale oxide layers on sintered capacitor-grade niobium and V-doped niobium powder compacts
  45. Knudsen effusion mass spectrometric studies of the Al–Ni system: Thermodynamic properties over {AlNi + Al3Ni2} and {Al3Ni2 + Al3Ni}
  46. Aqueous solution deposition of indium hydroxide and indium oxide columnar type thin films
  47. Thermodynamic properties of B2-AlFeNi alloys: modelling of the B2-AlFe and B2-AlNi phases
  48. Regular Articles
  49. Kinetics of precipitate formation in (TixWyCrz)B2 solid solutions: influence of Cr concentration and Co impurities
  50. On the mechanisms governing the texture and microstructure evolution during static recrystallization and grain growth of low alloyed zirconium sheets (Zr702)
  51. Out-of-pile chemical compatibility of Pb–Bi eutectic alloy with Graphite
  52. Microstructural characterisation of a Co–Cr–Mo laser clad applied on railway wheels
  53. The Na–H system: from first-principles calculations to thermodynamic modeling
  54. Notifications
  55. Personal
  56. Conferences
https://doi.org/10.3139/ijmr-2006-0134
Keywords for this article
Lead bismuth eutectic alloy; Coolant; Graphite; Chemical compatibility; EPMA

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Microstructure and mechanical behavior of Pt-modified NiAl diffusion coatings
  3. Evolution of C-rich SiOC ceramics
  4. Evolution of C-rich SiOC ceramics
  5. Nanostructured SiC/BN/C ceramics derived from mixtures of B3N3H6 and [HSi(Me)C≡C]n
  6. Thermodynamic analysis of structural transformations induced by annealing of amorphous Si–C–N ceramics derived from polymer precursors
  7. Thermodynamic modelling of the Ce–Ni system
  8. Thermodynamic assessment of the Ce–O system in solid state from 60 to 67 mol.% O
  9. Phase transformations of iron nitrides at low temperatures (< 700 K) – application of mechanical mixtures of powders of nitrides and iron
  10. Effect of organic self-assembled monolayers on the deposition and adhesion of hydroxyapatite coatings on titanium
  11. Reconstruction and structural transition at metal/diamond interfaces
  12. Microstructure, hardness, and fracture toughness evolution of hot-pressed SiC/Si3N4 nano/micro composite after high-temperature treatment
  13. High-temperature plasticity of SiC sintered with Lu2O3-AlN additives
  14. Interaction of functionalised surfaces on silica with dissolved metal cations in aqueous solutions
  15. XRD and TEM study of NiO–LSGM reactivity
  16. Microstructure and dielectric properties of nanoscale oxide layers on sintered capacitor-grade niobium and V-doped niobium powder compacts
  17. Knudsen effusion mass spectrometric studies of the Al–Ni system: Thermodynamic properties over {AlNi + Al3Ni2} and {Al3Ni2 + Al3Ni}
  18. Aqueous solution deposition of indium hydroxide and indium oxide columnar type thin films
  19. Thermodynamic properties of B2-AlFeNi alloys: modelling of the B2-AlFe and B2-AlNi phases
  20. Kinetics of precipitate formation in (TixWyCrz)B2 solid solutions: influence of Cr concentration and Co impurities
  21. On the mechanisms governing the texture and microstructure evolution during static recrystallization and grain growth of low alloyed zirconium sheets (Zr702)
  22. Out-of-pile chemical compatibility of Pb–Bi eutectic alloy with Graphite
  23. Microstructural characterisation of a Co–Cr–Mo laser clad applied on railway wheels
  24. The Na–H system: from first-principles calculations to thermodynamic modeling
  25. Personal
  26. Conferences
  27. Frontmatter
  28. Basic
  29. Microstructure and mechanical behavior of Pt-modified NiAl diffusion coatings
  30. Evolution of C-rich SiOC ceramics
  31. Evolution of C-rich SiOC ceramics
  32. Nanostructured SiC/BN/C ceramics derived from mixtures of B3N3H6 and [HSi(Me)C≡C]n
  33. Thermodynamic analysis of structural transformations induced by annealing of amorphous Si–C–N ceramics derived from polymer precursors
  34. Thermodynamic modelling of the Ce–Ni system
  35. Thermodynamic assessment of the Ce–O system in solid state from 60 to 67 mol.% O
  36. Phase transformations of iron nitrides at low temperatures (< 700 K) – application of mechanical mixtures of powders of nitrides and iron
  37. Effect of organic self-assembled monolayers on the deposition and adhesion of hydroxyapatite coatings on titanium
  38. Reconstruction and structural transition at metal/diamond interfaces
  39. Applied
  40. Microstructure, hardness, and fracture toughness evolution of hot-pressed SiC/Si3N4 nano/micro composite after high-temperature treatment
  41. High-temperature plasticity of SiC sintered with Lu2O3-AlN additives
  42. Interaction of functionalised surfaces on silica with dissolved metal cations in aqueous solutions
  43. XRD and TEM study of NiO–LSGM reactivity
  44. Microstructure and dielectric properties of nanoscale oxide layers on sintered capacitor-grade niobium and V-doped niobium powder compacts
  45. Knudsen effusion mass spectrometric studies of the Al–Ni system: Thermodynamic properties over {AlNi + Al3Ni2} and {Al3Ni2 + Al3Ni}
  46. Aqueous solution deposition of indium hydroxide and indium oxide columnar type thin films
  47. Thermodynamic properties of B2-AlFeNi alloys: modelling of the B2-AlFe and B2-AlNi phases
  48. Regular Articles
  49. Kinetics of precipitate formation in (TixWyCrz)B2 solid solutions: influence of Cr concentration and Co impurities
  50. On the mechanisms governing the texture and microstructure evolution during static recrystallization and grain growth of low alloyed zirconium sheets (Zr702)
  51. Out-of-pile chemical compatibility of Pb–Bi eutectic alloy with Graphite
  52. Microstructural characterisation of a Co–Cr–Mo laser clad applied on railway wheels
  53. The Na–H system: from first-principles calculations to thermodynamic modeling
  54. Notifications
  55. Personal
  56. Conferences
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