Magneto-optical Kerr effect analysis of strain-induced martensite formation during flow forming of metastable austenitic steel AISI 304L
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J. Rozo Vasquez
Julian Rozo Vasquez works as Scientific Assistant at the Chair of Materials Test Engineering (WPT) of the TU Dortmund University since May 2019. Within the project “Property control during spinning of metastable austenites” funded by DFG, he is concerned with microstructural characterization using EBSD and MOKE
,
J. Tappe
Jan Mate Tappe works as Research Assistant at the Chair of Materials Test Engineering (WPT) of the TU Dortmund University since August 2024. In the project, he is responsible for the metallographic preparation of the specimens and the imaging on the magnetooptical Kerr effect microscope
Abstract
This paper presents a characterization of the microstructural evolution and its correlation with the magnetic structure due to flow forming of semi-finished tubes of austenitic stainless steel AISI 304L. The plastic deformation triggers a phase transformation of the metastable austenite into α’-martensite.
Depending on the combination of production parameters, different fractions of strain-induced α’-martensite were measured by means non-destructive micromagnetic techniques and correlated with the evolution of hardness and the microstructure using electron backscatter diffraction analyses. The magneto-optical Kerr effect analysis was used as a tool to perform a qualitative analysis of the evolution of the magnetic domain structure correlated with the formation of α’-martensite. An analysis of these data allowed to derive surface magnetization hysteresis loops that were compared with integral hysteresis loops of the specimens. It was proven by both methods that the formation of martensite increases the magnetic energy and the spontaneous magnetization of the specimens. The results of this investigation contribute to a better understanding of micromagnetic sensors to monitor and control the formation of α’-martensite in a flow forming. Furthermore, various techniques have demonstrated the evolution of the magnetic properties of the material, which can be applied in applications for invisible coding of workpieces.
Kurzfassung
Dieses Manuskript beschreibt eine Charakterisierung der Mikrostruktur-Evolution und deren Korrelation mit der magnetischen Struktur wegen des Drückwalzens von Rohrhalbzeugen aus austenitischem Edelstahl AISI 304L. Die plastische Verformung ruft eine Phasenumwandlung des metastabilen Austenits zu α‘-Martensit hervor. Je nach Kombination der Produktionsparameter wurden mit zerstörungsfreien mikromagnetischen Verfahren unterschiedliche Anteile von verformungsinduzierter α‘-Martensit gemessen und mit der Härte- und Mikrostrukturevolution aus Untersuchungen mittels Elektronenrückstreubeugung korreliert. Mithilfe der magnetooptischen Kerr-Effekt-Untersuchungen wurden qualitative Korrelationen zwischen der Evolution der magnetischen Domänenstruktur und der Bildung von α‘-Martensit untersucht. Basierend auf einer Analyse dieser Daten konnten Magnetisierungs-Hystereseschleifen an der Oberfläche abgeleitet und mit integralen Hystereseschleifen der Proben verglichen werden. Mit beiden Verfahren wurde nachgewiesen, dass die magnetische Energie und spontane Magnetisierung der Proben durch die Bildung von Martensit zunehmen. Die Ergebnisse dieser Untersuchung tragen zu einem besseren Verständnis mikromagnetischer Sensoren zur Überwachung und Steuerung der α‘-Martensitbildung beim Drückwalzen bei. Darüber hinaus wurde die Evolution der magnetischen Eigenschaften des Materials anhand verschiedener Messmethoden veranschaulicht. Diese Informationen können wiederum für Anwendungen zur unsichtbaren Codierung von Werkstücken genutzt werden.
About the authors
Julian Rozo Vasquez works as Scientific Assistant at the Chair of Materials Test Engineering (WPT) of the TU Dortmund University since May 2019. Within the project “Property control during spinning of metastable austenites” funded by DFG, he is concerned with microstructural characterization using EBSD and MOKE
Jan Mate Tappe works as Research Assistant at the Chair of Materials Test Engineering (WPT) of the TU Dortmund University since August 2024. In the project, he is responsible for the metallographic preparation of the specimens and the imaging on the magnetooptical Kerr effect microscope
5 Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank the German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG) for their support of the depicted research within the priority program SPP 2183 “Property-controlled deformation processes”, through project no. 424335026 “Property control during spinning of metastable austenites”. The authors further thank the German Research Foundation and the Ministry of Culture and Science of North Rhine-Westphalia (Ministerium fuer Kultur und Wissenschaft des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen, MKW NRW) for their financial support within the major research instrumentation program “Magneto-optical Kerr microscope with in situ tension-compression stage” (project no. 464498574).
5 Danksagung
Die Autoren danken der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) für die Förderung der hier ausgeführten Forschungsarbeit im Rahmen des Schwerpunktprogramms SPP 2183 „Eigenschaftsgeregelte Umformprozesse“ durch das Projekt Nr. 424335026 „Eigenschaftsorientierte Regelung von Verfestigungs- und Phasenumwandlungsprozessen beim Drücken und Drückwalzen metastabiler Austenite“. Die Autoren danken außerdem der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft und dem Ministerium für Kultur und Wissenschaft des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen (MKW NRW) für die finanzielle Unterstützung im Rahmen des Programms Forschungsgroßgeräte „Magnetooptisches Kerr-Mikroskop mit in-situ Zug-Druck-Modul“ (Projekt Nr. 464498574).
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© 2025 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston, Germany
Articles in the same Issue
- Contents
- Editorial
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- Evaluation of damage mechanisms in full-forward rod extruded AISI 5115 steel by AI-based image segmentation
- A roll-headed pin from Getzersdorf, Austria, opens up interesting questions about iron metallurgy in the Hallstatt period
- Magneto-optical Kerr effect analysis of strain-induced martensite formation during flow forming of metastable austenitic steel AISI 304L
- Materials scientific challenges of a circular economy of high-alloy tool steels
- Cavitation-induced damage on a ship propeller’s Kort nozzle made of AISI 316L and investigation of the near-surface microstructural changes
- Preparation of aluminum thin films and laminates
- Preparation and microstructural examination of additively manufactured alloys 316L and 17-4PH
- Results of a round robin test on grain boundary determination by image analysis in the DGM working group ‘Quantitative Structural Analysis’
- Deep learning-based precipitate quantification in STEM images of complex steel microstructures
- A bronze fibula foot from the Roman Carnuntum, Lower Austria
- Optimization of preparation methods for EBSD analysis of highly metastable austenitic steels
- Picture of the Month
- Picture of the Month
- People
- Interview with Gaby Ketzer-Raichle on the occasion of the new edition of “Schumann Metallography”, published by Heinrich Oettel and Gaby Ketzer-Raichle
- News
- News
- Meeting Diary
- Meeting Diary
Articles in the same Issue
- Contents
- Editorial
- Editorial
- Evaluation of damage mechanisms in full-forward rod extruded AISI 5115 steel by AI-based image segmentation
- A roll-headed pin from Getzersdorf, Austria, opens up interesting questions about iron metallurgy in the Hallstatt period
- Magneto-optical Kerr effect analysis of strain-induced martensite formation during flow forming of metastable austenitic steel AISI 304L
- Materials scientific challenges of a circular economy of high-alloy tool steels
- Cavitation-induced damage on a ship propeller’s Kort nozzle made of AISI 316L and investigation of the near-surface microstructural changes
- Preparation of aluminum thin films and laminates
- Preparation and microstructural examination of additively manufactured alloys 316L and 17-4PH
- Results of a round robin test on grain boundary determination by image analysis in the DGM working group ‘Quantitative Structural Analysis’
- Deep learning-based precipitate quantification in STEM images of complex steel microstructures
- A bronze fibula foot from the Roman Carnuntum, Lower Austria
- Optimization of preparation methods for EBSD analysis of highly metastable austenitic steels
- Picture of the Month
- Picture of the Month
- People
- Interview with Gaby Ketzer-Raichle on the occasion of the new edition of “Schumann Metallography”, published by Heinrich Oettel and Gaby Ketzer-Raichle
- News
- News
- Meeting Diary
- Meeting Diary
