Startseite La problemática traducción al español y al portugués de ingl. brain y de al. (Ge)hirn en los textos científicos (didácticos y divulgativos)
Artikel
Lizenziert
Nicht lizenziert Erfordert eine Authentifizierung

La problemática traducción al español y al portugués de ingl. brain y de al. (Ge)hirn en los textos científicos (didácticos y divulgativos)

  • Carlos Garrido EMAIL logo
Veröffentlicht/Copyright: 31. März 2017
Veröffentlichen auch Sie bei De Gruyter Brill

Abstract

Concept inclusion constitutes a kind of imperfect equivalence in translating that gives rise to a 1:2 terminological relation and that represents an important translation problem. In translating scientific texts in the fields of biology or medicine into Spanish or Portuguese one such case of concept inclusion is that brought about by the (frequent) usage of the words brain, in English, and (Ge)hirn, in German (whose proper meaning is ‘encephalon’), as generic terms, i. e., as referring to structures or processes that take place exclusively within the cerebrum (therefore, as synonyms of, respectively, cerebrum and Großhirn or Cerebrum). Currently, through the undue calque of this phenomenon, many scientific texts written in Spanish or Portuguese and translated from English or (to a lesser degree) from German show the unidiomatic usage of the word encéfalo, which means ‘encephalon’, as a generic term (which causes a remarkable strangeness effect, especially in popularizing texts), or, even more frequently, they improperly and deceively use the term cerebro/cérebro (which means ‘cerebrum’) to refer to the encephalon as a whole. In order to avoid this harmful interference, in rendering brain and (Ge)hirn into Spanish or Portuguese the translator of a scientific text should strive to discriminate (with resort to adequate documentation) between occurrences of the word in its proper sense and occurrences of the word as a generic term. Based on the analysis of a number of author-made translations into Spanish (and Portuguese) of passages of English and German-language encyclopedic articles, popularizing books and popularizing articles with scientific content, the present study aims to define the most adequate translation strategy for the problem described, which can be summarized in the three following cases: a) usage of brain or (Ge)hirn in its proper sense (with extracerebral referents), translated as Sp. encéfalo, encefálico, intracraneal (Port. encéfalo, encefálico, intracraniano); b) usage of brain or (Ge)hirn as generic terms (with exclusively cerebral referents), translated as Sp. cerebro, cerebral (Port. cérebro, cerebral); c) usage of brain or (Ge)hirn as generic terms (with exclusively cerebral referents), but not directly translatable as Sp. cerebro, cerebral (Port. cérebro, cerebral) owing to the occurrence in the source text of data pertaining to the encephalon as a whole (in this case, the translator should assess the possibility of using in the target text cerebro/cérebro for all occurrences—by adapting the original data—, or, at least, complementarily with encéfalo—by departing from the original wording).

5 Bibliografía

5.1 Referencias citadas

AA.VV. (19773): Gran Enciclopedia Larousse. Barcelona: Editorial Planeta.Suche in Google Scholar

AA.VV. (1998–2003): Enciclopédia Luso-Brasileira de Cultura Verbo. Edição Século xxi. Lisboa: Editorial Verbo. [Se cita como elbcv]Suche in Google Scholar

AA.VV. (2005): e-Fachwörterbuch Biologie Englisch-Deutsch 4.0. Múnich: Langenscheidt.Suche in Google Scholar

Arntz, Reiner (1993): «Terminological Equivalence and Translation». Sonneveld, H. B. / Loening, K. L. (coord.) (1993): Terminology Applications in Interdisciplinary Communication. Ámsterdam: John Benjamins, 5–19.10.1075/z.70.02arnSuche in Google Scholar

Frade, Ana / Cunha, Floripes / Henriques, Maria José (1995): Dicionário Breve de Ciências da Natureza. Lisboa: Editorial Presença.Suche in Google Scholar

Freitas e Costa, Manuel (2005): Dicionário de Termos Médicos. Oporto: Porto Editora.Suche in Google Scholar

Haensch, Günther / Haberkamp de Antón, Gisela (19812): Dictionary of Biology. English / German / French / Spanish. Ámsterdam: Elsevier.Suche in Google Scholar

Kardong, Kenneth V. (20023): Vertebrates. Comparative Anatomy, Function, Evolution. Nueva York: McGraw-Hill.Suche in Google Scholar

Liem, Karel F. / Bemis, William E. / Walker, Warren F. / Grande, Lance (20013): Functional Anatomy of the Vertebrates. An Evolutionary Perspective. Belmont: Thomson/Brooks/Cole.Suche in Google Scholar

Maillot, Jean (1975): A tradução científica e técnica. Trad. de La traduction scientifique et technique, 1968, por Paulo Rónai. Río de Janeiro/Brasilia: Editora McGraw-Hill do Brasil/Editora da Universidade de Brasília.Suche in Google Scholar

Maillot, Jean (1997): La traducción científica y técnica. Trad. de La traduction scientifique et technique, 19812, por J. Sevilla Muñoz. Madrid: Gredos.Suche in Google Scholar

Nadal, Jacint (2001): Vertebrados. Origen, organización, diversidad y biología. Barcelona: Ediciones Omega/Edicions Universitat de Barcelona.Suche in Google Scholar

Navarro, Fernando A. (20052): Diccionario crítico de dudas inglés-español de medicina. Madrid: McGraw-Hill/Interamericana.Suche in Google Scholar

O’Shea, Thomas J. / Rathbun, Galen B. / Bonde, Robert K. / Buergelt, Claus D. / Odell, Daniel K. (1991): «An Epizootic of Florida Manatees Associated with a Dinoflagellate Bloom». Marine Mammal Science, 7(2): 165–179.10.1111/j.1748-7692.1991.tb00563.xSuche in Google Scholar

Real Academia Nacional de Medicina (2011): Diccionario de términos médicos. Madrid: Panamericana. [Se cita como dtm]Suche in Google Scholar

Roque, Mercês / Ferreira, Ângela / Castro, Adalmiro (1995): Biologia – 12.º ano. Oporto: Porto Editora.Suche in Google Scholar

Sáinz y Sáinz Pardo, Jesús / Castejón, Francisco J. (1979): «Sistema nervioso». Castejón, Francisco J. / Fraile, Arsenio / Ponz, Francisco (coord.) (1979): Fundamentos de fisiología animal. Pamplona: EUNSA, 223–239.Suche in Google Scholar

Sampaio Tavares, A. (1998): «Cérebro (Anat.)». AA.VV. (1998–2003): Enciclopédia Luso-Brasileira de Cultura Verbo. Edição Séculoxxi. Lisboa: Editorial Verbo, vol. 6, s.v.Suche in Google Scholar

Sauermost, Rolf (dir.) (1999–2004): Lexikon der Biologie. Heidelberg: Spektrum Akademischer Verlag/Elsevier.Suche in Google Scholar

Schmitt, Peter A. (1999): Translation und Technik. Tubinga: Stauffenburg.Suche in Google Scholar

Storch, Volker / Welsch, Ulrich (20046): Systematische Zoologie. Heidelberg: Spektrum Akademischer Verlag/Gustav Fischer.Suche in Google Scholar

Thews, Gerhard / Mutschler, Ernst / Vaupel, Peter (19995): Anatomie, Physiologie, Pathophysiologie des Menschen. Stuttgart: Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft.Suche in Google Scholar

Valls, Arturo (19852): Introducción a la antropología. Fundamentos de la evolución y de la variabilidad biológica del hombre. Barcelona: Labor.Suche in Google Scholar

Westheide, Wilfried / Rieger, Reinhard (coord.) (2004): Spezielle Zoologie. Teil 2: Wirbel- oder Schädeltiere. Heidelberg: Spektrum Akademischer Verlag.Suche in Google Scholar

5.2 Fuentes de los ejemplos

a) Artículos de enciclopedia

Lexikon der Biologie: “Großhirnrinde”.Suche in Google Scholar

The New Encyclopædia Britannica (1994), «Micropædia» [se cita como Enc. Brit.]: “anesthetic”, “brain”.Suche in Google Scholar

Wikipedia. The Free Encyclopedia <http://en.wikipedia.org> [se cita como Wikipedia-en]: “electroencephalography” [22.7.2010].Suche in Google Scholar

Wikipedia. Die freie Enzyklopädie <http://de.wikipedia.org> [se cita como Wikipedia-de]: “Schädel-Hirn-Trauma” [22.7.2010].Suche in Google Scholar

b) Libros didáctico-divulgativos

Macdonald, David (coord.) (20103): The Encyclopedia of Mammals. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Suche in Google Scholar

c) Libros de divulgación científica

Damásio, António (2010): O Livro da Consciência. A Construção do Cérebro Consciente. Trad. de Self Comes to Mind. Constructing the Conscious Brain, 2010, por Luís Oliveira Santos. Lisboa: Temas e Debates/Círculo de Leitores.Suche in Google Scholar

d) Artículos de revistas de divulgación científica

Battran, Martin (2011): «Typisch Frau, typisch Mann – Geschlechterdifferenz und Neurowissenschaft». Naturwissenschaftliche Rundschau, 6/2011: 285–296.Suche in Google Scholar

Beck, Christina (2007): «Date an der Synapse – Forscher spüren unseren Erinnerungen nach». BioMax, 22.Suche in Google Scholar

Deisseroth, Karl (2010): «Controlling the Brain with Light». Scientific American, 11/2010: 28–35.10.1038/scientificamerican1110-48Suche in Google Scholar

Fischbach, Gerald D. (1994): «Mind and Brain». Special Report of Scientific American.10.1038/scientificamerican0992-48Suche in Google Scholar

Güntürkün, Onur (2014): «Wie wurde ich zu der Person, die ich bin?». Naturwissenschaftliche Rundschau, 10/2014: 501–511.Suche in Google Scholar

Lamb, Trevor D. (2011): «Evolution of the Eye». Scientific American, 7/2011: 48–53.10.1038/scientificamerican0711-64Suche in Google Scholar

Parkes, Michael J. (2012): «The Limits of Breath Holding». Scientific American, 4/2012: 64–69.10.1038/scientificamerican0412-74Suche in Google Scholar

Sejnowski, Terry / Delbruck, Tobi (2012): «The Language of the Brain». Scientific American, 10/2012: 46–51.10.1038/scientificamerican1012-54Suche in Google Scholar

Shermer, Michael (2010): «Can You Hear Me Now? Physics shows that cell phones cannot cause cancer». Scientific American, 10/2010: 77.Suche in Google Scholar

Shermer, Michael (2015): «Outrageous». Scientific American, 7/2015: 65.10.1038/scientificamerican0715-77Suche in Google Scholar

Wengenmayr, Roland (2008): «Schnüffeln für die Wissenschaft – wie Forscher eine molekulare Nase entwickeln». TechMax, 11.Suche in Google Scholar

Ziegler, Reinhard (2011): «Lebensradius früher Homininen». Naturwissenschaftliche Rundschau, 9/2011: 480–481.Suche in Google Scholar

Ziegler, Reinhard (2012): «Evolution des menschlichen Gehirns». Naturwissenschaftliche Rundschau, 3/2012: 139–140.Suche in Google Scholar

Published Online: 2017-03-31
Published in Print: 2017-04-01

© 2017 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

Artikel in diesem Heft

  1. Titelseiten
  2. Titelseiten
  3. Vorwort
  4. Wechsel in der Herausgeberschaft bei Lebende Sprachen
  5. Artikel
  6. Translation Difficulty: How to Measure and What to Measure
  7. Cultural aspects of death in subtitling animated films of M. Ocelot
  8. Legal and Cultural Implications Inherent in Managing Multilingual and Multicultural Labor: Selected Translation Issues from the US National Labor Relations Board
  9. Enseñar la historia de Francia a través de la traducción: un proyecto de coordinación docente
  10. La problemática traducción al español y al portugués de ingl. brain y de al. (Ge)hirn en los textos científicos (didácticos y divulgativos)
  11. Interkulturelle Argumentation und Höflichkeit im deutschen und arabischen Sprachgebrauch: gegenseitige Feindbildproduktion oder Dialog der Kulturen
  12. Zur speziellen Terminologiedidaktik für Übersetzer. Text- vs. Systemhaftigkeit juristischer Terminologie
  13. „Ham wir a Gaudi k’habt“ – Dialektübersetzung am Beispiel der kroatischen Übersetzung der bairischen Textpassagen in Thomas Manns Buddenbrooks
  14. Wiedergabe der Rezipientenperspektive: Entsprechungen des bekommen-Passivs im Spanischen
  15. Ich denke, also übersetze ich: die Relevanz einer bewussten Reflexion über die Verstehensprozesse beim literarischen Übersetzen mit Beispielen aus der Übersetzung des Briefromans La Tesis de Nancy (1962) von Ramón J. Sender ins Deutsche
  16. Rezension
  17. Schmitt, Holger (2016): Teaching English Pronunciation. A textbook for the German-speaking countries. Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter.
  18. Kiefer, Karl-Hubert (2013): Kommunikative Kompetenzen im Berufsfeld der internationalen Steuerberatung. Peter Lang: Frankfurt am Main. S. 404
  19. Douglas Robinson (2013): Schleiermacher’s Icoses. Social Ecologies of the different Methods of Translating. Bucharest: Zeta Books. 384 S. ISBN 978-606-8266-72-5
Heruntergeladen am 12.10.2025 von https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/les-2017-0006/html
Button zum nach oben scrollen