Home Hydro-alcoholic extract of Morus nigra reduces fasting blood glucose and HbA1c% in diabetic patients, probably via competitive and allosteric interaction with alpha-glucosidase enzyme; a clinical trial and in silico analysis
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Hydro-alcoholic extract of Morus nigra reduces fasting blood glucose and HbA1c% in diabetic patients, probably via competitive and allosteric interaction with alpha-glucosidase enzyme; a clinical trial and in silico analysis

  • Hamid Momeni , Ashraf Salehi , Abdorrahim Absalan and Mehran Akbari EMAIL logo
Published/Copyright: May 5, 2021
Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine
From the journal Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine Volume 19 Issue 3

Abstract

Objectives

1-Deoxynojirimycin (1-DNJ), the main active component found in Morus nigra (black mulberry) is reported to be effective in controlling diabetes. We have evaluated the effect of hydro-alcoholic extract of M. nigra leaves on the fasting blood glucose (FBS) and hemoglobin A1c% (HbA1c%) in diabetic patients. Furthermore, we compared the interaction of 1-DNJ and glucose molecules with the alpha-glucosidase enzyme, which has a critical role in the lysis of glucose-based polymers in human cells.

Methods

4% hydro-alcoholic extract was prepared from black mulberry leaves. Patients in treatment (n=50) and control (n=50) groups received 3 mL extract or placebo in water, respectively, and three times a day. Fasting blood glucose and HbA1c% were evaluated before and after three months of evaluation. Potential binding sites of 1-DNJ or glucose on the enzyme glucosidase found by docking study. Docking scores were obtained using an energy minimization method by Molegro Virtual Docker software. The Mean ± SD of each variable was compared between groups at the 95% significant level.

Results

Age mean ± SD was equal to 54.79 ± 9.203 (38–69) years. There was no significant difference between intervention and placebo groups considering FBS (p=0.633) but was for HbA1c% (p=0.0011), before treatment. After three months, both FBS and HbA1c% were significantly reduced in patients under mulberry leaves extract-treatment. FBS changed was from 182.23 ± 38.65 to 161.23 ± 22.14 mg/dL in treatment group (p<0.001) and from 178.45 ± 39.46 to 166.23 ± 29.64 mg/dL in control group (p<0.001). HbA1c was changed from 7.23 ± 0.25 to 6.13 ± 0.61% in treatment group (p<0.001) and from 7.65 ± 0.85 to 7.12 ± 0.33% in control group (p=0.854). Docking results showed that 1-DNJ binds more efficiently, and with a significant score than glucose, to human alpha-glucosidase.

Conclusions

This clinical trial and virtual analysis showed that a hydro-alcoholic extract of black mulberry (M. nigra) leaf may be efficient in reducing the blood glucose and HbA1c% in diabetic patients. Furthermore, docking studies propose a competitive and allosteric regulation for herbal ingredients. Drug-development could be based on the presented idea in this report.

Keywords: diabetes; glucosidase; hemoglobin A1c; Morus nigra ; virtual analysis
Corresponding author: Mehran Akbari, Department of Nursing, Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran, Mobile: +989373471255, E-mail:

Funding source: Arak University of Medical Sciences

Award Identifier / Grant number: 1214

Acknowledgments

The presented study is evaluated and accepted by the research office of Arak University of medical sciences. Therefore, the authors declare the best regards and thanks to dear coworkers in the mentioned department. Furthermore, we thank all dear patients who were included in the study and permit us to do the current work.

  1. Research funding: The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This study was supported by Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran (No: 1214).

  2. Author contributions: All authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission.

  3. Conflict of interest: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest for publishing the paper in its current format.

  4. Ethical approval: The Ethics Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran, approved this study (93-170-2).

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Received: 2021-01-04
Accepted: 2021-02-07
Published Online: 2021-05-05

© 2021 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston

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  2. Reviews
  3. Evidence implementation among complementary medicine practitioners: a meta-summary
  4. Phytochemical: a treatment option for heavy metal induced neurotoxicity
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  7. Review on nutraceuticals: phase transition from preventive to protective care
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  13. Highly efficient microencapsulation of phytonutrients by fractioned cellulose using biopolymer complexation technology
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  15. Blood pressure and blood sugar-lowering effects of purified gambir on diabetic hypertensive Wistar Kyoto rats
  16. Assessment of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of quercetin–rutin blend (SophorOx™) – an invitro cell based assay
  17. Subchronic toxicological evaluation of EnXtra™ (standardised extract of Alpinia galanga rhizome) in rats
  18. Ficus glumosa Del. reduces phenylhydrazine-induced hemolytic anaemia and hepatic damage in Wistar rats
  19. Screening of anti-cancerous potential of classical Raudra rasa and modified Raudra rasa modified with hiraka bhasma (nanodiamond) through FTIR & LC-MS analysis
  20. Aqueous extract of Pedalium murex D. Royen ex L. leafy stem protects against lead induced testicular toxicity in Wistar rats
  21. Intrahippocampal co-administration of nicotine and O-acetyl-L-carnitine prevents the H-89-induced spatial learning deficits in Morris water maze
  22. Developmental effects of early-life stress on dopamine D2 receptor and proteins involved in noncanonical D2 dopamine receptor signaling pathway in the prefrontal cortex of male rats
  23. Probiotic administration enhanced antitrypanosomal effects of diminazene aceturate in dogs experimentally infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei
  24. Acacia arabica (Lam.) Willd. On osteoblastogenesis, osteoblast proliferation, osteoclastic activity, and bone calcium mineralization
  25. GC-MS analysis of curculigo orchiodes and medicinal herbs with cytotoxic, hepatoprotective attributes of ethanolic extract from Indian origin
  26. Biochemical and histopathological evaluation of liver, kidney, and pancreas in normal Sprague Dawley rats administered aqueous extract of beetroot (Beta vulgaris)
  27. The effectiveness of emotional freedom techniques (EFT) on depression of postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial
  28. The formulation and efficacy of topical Dorema ammoniacum in treating Melasma: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
  29. Impact of inhalation aromatherapy with Damask Rose (Rosa damascena) on stress, anxiety and hemodynamic parameters of patients undergoing coronary angiography: a single blind randomized clinical trial
  30. Hydro-alcoholic extract of Morus nigra reduces fasting blood glucose and HbA1c% in diabetic patients, probably via competitive and allosteric interaction with alpha-glucosidase enzyme; a clinical trial and in silico analysis
  31. Prophylactic management of radiation-induced mucositis using herbal mouthwash in patients with head and neck cancer: an assessor-blinded randomized controlled trial
  32. Implementation science in New Zealand naturopathic practice: a cross-sectional study
  33. Issues of mindfulness implementation for oncology caregivers
  34. Immediate effect of cold mud pack therapy on autonomic variables in primary hypertensive individuals: a randomized trial
  35. Effect of a Persian metabolic diet on the functional dyspepsia symptoms in patients with postprandial distress syndrome: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial
https://doi.org/10.1515/jcim-2021-0005
Keywords for this article
diabetes; glucosidase; hemoglobin A1c; Morus nigra; virtual analysis

Articles in the same Issue

  1. Frontmatter
  2. Reviews
  3. Evidence implementation among complementary medicine practitioners: a meta-summary
  4. Phytochemical: a treatment option for heavy metal induced neurotoxicity
  5. The effects of curcumin-containing supplementations on inflammatory markers and lipid profiles in patients with chronic kidney diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
  6. A systematic review on traditional medicinal Animal’s parts and products used for the treatment of respiratory tract disorders in Ethiopia
  7. Review on nutraceuticals: phase transition from preventive to protective care
  8. A study of effect of Centella asiatica on oxidative markers in the hippocampus of offsprings born to alcohol-fed pregnant rats and the correlation with their cognitive functions
  9. Anxiogenic and anxiolytic effects of memantine injected into the ventral hippocampus in male stressed mice
  10. Research Articles
  11. Comparison of antithyroid effects and hepatic complications of methimazole with catechin and its nanoencapsulation form in adult male rats
  12. Almond oil restores blood parameters, liver function, blood and liver antioxidants and DNA, and liver histology more efficiently than olive oil in favism
  13. Highly efficient microencapsulation of phytonutrients by fractioned cellulose using biopolymer complexation technology
  14. Ocimum basilicum alleviates blood glucose, lipid profile and iNOS in diabetes gestational rat model
  15. Blood pressure and blood sugar-lowering effects of purified gambir on diabetic hypertensive Wistar Kyoto rats
  16. Assessment of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of quercetin–rutin blend (SophorOx™) – an invitro cell based assay
  17. Subchronic toxicological evaluation of EnXtra™ (standardised extract of Alpinia galanga rhizome) in rats
  18. Ficus glumosa Del. reduces phenylhydrazine-induced hemolytic anaemia and hepatic damage in Wistar rats
  19. Screening of anti-cancerous potential of classical Raudra rasa and modified Raudra rasa modified with hiraka bhasma (nanodiamond) through FTIR & LC-MS analysis
  20. Aqueous extract of Pedalium murex D. Royen ex L. leafy stem protects against lead induced testicular toxicity in Wistar rats
  21. Intrahippocampal co-administration of nicotine and O-acetyl-L-carnitine prevents the H-89-induced spatial learning deficits in Morris water maze
  22. Developmental effects of early-life stress on dopamine D2 receptor and proteins involved in noncanonical D2 dopamine receptor signaling pathway in the prefrontal cortex of male rats
  23. Probiotic administration enhanced antitrypanosomal effects of diminazene aceturate in dogs experimentally infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei
  24. Acacia arabica (Lam.) Willd. On osteoblastogenesis, osteoblast proliferation, osteoclastic activity, and bone calcium mineralization
  25. GC-MS analysis of curculigo orchiodes and medicinal herbs with cytotoxic, hepatoprotective attributes of ethanolic extract from Indian origin
  26. Biochemical and histopathological evaluation of liver, kidney, and pancreas in normal Sprague Dawley rats administered aqueous extract of beetroot (Beta vulgaris)
  27. The effectiveness of emotional freedom techniques (EFT) on depression of postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial
  28. The formulation and efficacy of topical Dorema ammoniacum in treating Melasma: a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
  29. Impact of inhalation aromatherapy with Damask Rose (Rosa damascena) on stress, anxiety and hemodynamic parameters of patients undergoing coronary angiography: a single blind randomized clinical trial
  30. Hydro-alcoholic extract of Morus nigra reduces fasting blood glucose and HbA1c% in diabetic patients, probably via competitive and allosteric interaction with alpha-glucosidase enzyme; a clinical trial and in silico analysis
  31. Prophylactic management of radiation-induced mucositis using herbal mouthwash in patients with head and neck cancer: an assessor-blinded randomized controlled trial
  32. Implementation science in New Zealand naturopathic practice: a cross-sectional study
  33. Issues of mindfulness implementation for oncology caregivers
  34. Immediate effect of cold mud pack therapy on autonomic variables in primary hypertensive individuals: a randomized trial
  35. Effect of a Persian metabolic diet on the functional dyspepsia symptoms in patients with postprandial distress syndrome: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial
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