Influence of annealing temperature on the structure, morphology, optical property and antibacterial response of phytochemicals-assisted synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles
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Buvana Sampath
Abstract
Antibiotic overuse has caused a variety of bacterial pathogens to develop new resistance mechanisms. As a result, discovering an appropriate replacement for the standard antibiotics has become an immediate concern. The present work demonstrates a facile, eco-friendly and economical method for the synthesis of hexagonal wurtzite zinc oxide nanoparticles (ω-ZONPs) using the ethanolic extract of triphala. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of the triphala extract proved the presence of certain secondary metabolites, which aids in the formation of ω-ZONPs. The influence of annealing temperature on the antibacterial action of as-synthesized ω-ZONPs was studied for three different annealing temperatures. X-ray diffraction, dynamic light scattering, field emission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analyses were used to examine the impact of annealing temperature on the structure, particle size and morphology of ω-ZONPs. Fourier transform infrared spectra revealed the change in intensity of the characteristic peaks in ω-ZONPs with different annealing temperatures. From UV–Visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, variation in the band gap of ω-ZONPs with increasing annealing temperature was detected. Kirby Bauer disc diffusion was adopted to examine the antibacterial potential of ω-ZONPs against bacterial strains such as Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecium, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The ω-ZONPs annealed at 200 °C inhibited the growth of three bacterial pathogens, E. coli, B. subtilis and P. aeruginosa and exhibited effective antibacterial activity in comparison with ω-ZONPs annealed at relatively high temperatures. Thus, the antibacterial potential of ω-ZONPs could be further explored as disease controlling agents and such prototypes could be made available for commercial mass production.
Acknowledgments
The authors (Buvana S and Julie Charles) are thankful to the management of Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, for providing the necessary infrastructural facilities and financial support for the current research work.
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Research ethics: Not applicable.
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Author contributions: The authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this manuscript and approved its submission. Buvana S – Synthesis, Experimental investigation, Interpretation of results, Analysis of results, Writing – original draft. Julie Charles – Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Validation of experimental results, Writing – review and editing.
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Competing interests: The authors state no competing interests.
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Research funding: None declared.
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Data availability: Not applicable.
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© 2024 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Original Papers
- Polarizabilities and emission cross-sections of lanthanide laser crystals
- Wet-chemical synthesis and luminescence studies of nano-crystalline gadolinium gallium garnet
- Synthesis of carbon nanotube–iron oxide and silver nanocomposites as photocatalyst in removing carcinogenic aromatic dyes
- Influence of annealing temperature on the structure, morphology, optical property and antibacterial response of phytochemicals-assisted synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles
- Study on the magnetic properties and critical behavior of CoFe2−xAl x O4 (x = 1.0 and 1.2) spinel ferrite
- Experimental study on selected properties and microstructure of pine-based wood ceramics
- Muga (Antheraea assamensis) silk electrospun scaffold for biomedical applications
- First-principles calculations of the mechanical properties of Mg2Si intermetallic via ternary elements doping
- Effects of Zr additions and process annealing on mechanical and corrosion properties of AA5383 Al–Mg alloys
- Study on the effect of LuCl3 doping on the characteristics of titanium alloy micro-arc oxidation coatings
- News
- DGM – Deutsche Gesellschaft für Materialkunde
Articles in the same Issue
- Frontmatter
- Original Papers
- Polarizabilities and emission cross-sections of lanthanide laser crystals
- Wet-chemical synthesis and luminescence studies of nano-crystalline gadolinium gallium garnet
- Synthesis of carbon nanotube–iron oxide and silver nanocomposites as photocatalyst in removing carcinogenic aromatic dyes
- Influence of annealing temperature on the structure, morphology, optical property and antibacterial response of phytochemicals-assisted synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles
- Study on the magnetic properties and critical behavior of CoFe2−xAl x O4 (x = 1.0 and 1.2) spinel ferrite
- Experimental study on selected properties and microstructure of pine-based wood ceramics
- Muga (Antheraea assamensis) silk electrospun scaffold for biomedical applications
- First-principles calculations of the mechanical properties of Mg2Si intermetallic via ternary elements doping
- Effects of Zr additions and process annealing on mechanical and corrosion properties of AA5383 Al–Mg alloys
- Study on the effect of LuCl3 doping on the characteristics of titanium alloy micro-arc oxidation coatings
- News
- DGM – Deutsche Gesellschaft für Materialkunde
