Abstract
Bacteria are ubiquitous and colonize virtually every conceivable habitat on earth. To achieve this, bacteria require different metabolites and biochemical capabilities. Rather than trying to produce all of the needed materials by themselves, bacteria have evolved a range of synergistic interactions, in which they exchange different commodities with other members of their local community. While it is widely acknowledged that synergistic interactions are key to the ecology of both individual bacteria and entire microbial communities, the factors determining their establishment remain poorly understood. Here we provide a comprehensive overview over our current knowledge on the determinants of positive cell-cell interactions among bacteria. Taking a holistic approach, we review the literature on the molecular mechanisms bacteria use to transfer commodities between bacterial cells and discuss to which extent these mechanisms favour or constrain the successful establishment of synergistic cell-cell interactions. In addition, we analyse how these different processes affect the specificity among interaction partners. By drawing together evidence from different disciplines that study the focal question on different levels of organisation, this work not only summarizes the state of the art in this exciting field of research, but also identifies new avenues for future research.
Funding source: Volkswagen Foundation
Award Identifier / Grant number: Az: 9B831
Funding source: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
Award Identifier / Grant number: KO 3909/2-1
Award Identifier / Grant number: KO 3909/4-1
Award Identifier / Grant number: KO 3909/6-1
Award Identifier / Grant number: KO 3909/9-1
Award Identifier / Grant number: SFB 944, P19
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank all members of the Kostlab (past and present) as well as the SFB 944 for valuable discussion. This work was funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG: SFB 944, P19, KO 3909/2-1, KO 3909/4-1, KO 3909/6-1, KO 3909/9-1) and the Volkswagen Foundation (Az: 9B831).
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Author contributions: All the authors have accepted responsibility for the entire content of this submitted manuscript and approved submission.
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Research funding: This work was financiallly supported by the German Research Foundation (Grant number: DFG: SFB 944, P19), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Grant number: KO 3909/2-1, KO 3909/4-1, KO 3909/6-1, KO 3909/9-1), Volkswagen Foundation (Grant number: Az: 9B831).
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Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding this article.
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Supplementary Material
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Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Highlight: Physiology and Dynamics of Cellular Microcompartments
- Highlight: on the past and the future of cellular microcompartments
- Nuclear redox processes in land plant development and stress adaptation
- The readily retrievable pool of synaptic vesicles
- Loss of respiratory complex I subunit NDUFB10 affects complex I assembly and supercomplex formation
- Modulation of self-organizing circuits at deforming membranes by intracellular and extracellular factors
- Computational resolution in single molecule localization – impact of noise level and emitter density
- Setting up a data management infrastructure for bioimaging
- Molecular insights into endolysosomal microcompartment formation and maintenance
- The role of lysosomes in lipid homeostasis
- Membrane damage and repair: a thin line between life and death
- Neuronal stress granules as dynamic microcompartments: current concepts and open questions
- Molecular determinants of protein half-life in chloroplasts with focus on the Clp protease system
- Neprilysin 4: an essential peptidase with multifaceted physiological relevance
- Determinants of synergistic cell-cell interactions in bacteria
- Drosophila collagens in specialised extracellular matrices
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Frontmatter
- Highlight: Physiology and Dynamics of Cellular Microcompartments
- Highlight: on the past and the future of cellular microcompartments
- Nuclear redox processes in land plant development and stress adaptation
- The readily retrievable pool of synaptic vesicles
- Loss of respiratory complex I subunit NDUFB10 affects complex I assembly and supercomplex formation
- Modulation of self-organizing circuits at deforming membranes by intracellular and extracellular factors
- Computational resolution in single molecule localization – impact of noise level and emitter density
- Setting up a data management infrastructure for bioimaging
- Molecular insights into endolysosomal microcompartment formation and maintenance
- The role of lysosomes in lipid homeostasis
- Membrane damage and repair: a thin line between life and death
- Neuronal stress granules as dynamic microcompartments: current concepts and open questions
- Molecular determinants of protein half-life in chloroplasts with focus on the Clp protease system
- Neprilysin 4: an essential peptidase with multifaceted physiological relevance
- Determinants of synergistic cell-cell interactions in bacteria
- Drosophila collagens in specialised extracellular matrices