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Experimental investigation of stress wave propagation in standing trees
-
Houjiang Zhang
,
Xiping Wang
Veröffentlicht/Copyright:
21. März 2011
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate how a stress wave travels in a standing tree as it is introduced into the tree trunk through a mechanical impact. A series of stress wave time-of-flight (TOF) data were obtained from three freshly-cut red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) logs by means of a two-probe stress wave timer. Two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) stress wave contour maps were constructed based on the experimental data using a commercial software. These stress wave contour maps represent the wave fronts in a time sequence, illustrating the flow of stress wave energy within a log. The analysis of TOF data and wave fronts indicates that stress wave propagation in standing trees is affected by tree diameter, travel distance, and internal wood conditions (wood properties and structural defects). When a stress wave is introduced into a tree trunk from a point source, it initially propagates in the impact direction as a 3D wave. Then the flow of the stress wave energy gradually changes towards the longitudinal directions. As the diameter-to-distance ratio reaches 0.1 or below, the wave begins to travel as a quasi 1D wave.
Keywords: logs; standing trees; stress wave contour map; stress wave propagation; time-of-flight; wave front
Received: 2010-8-24
Accepted: 2011-2-2
Published Online: 2011-03-21
Published Online: 2011-03-21
Published in Print: 2011-08-01
©2011 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin Boston
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Artikel in diesem Heft
- Original Papers
- Lignocellulosic biorefinery: process integration of hydrolysis and fermentation (SSF process)
- Study of stilbene and resin acid content of Scots pine heartwood by electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)
- Radical scavenging characteristics of condensed tannins from barks of various tree species compared with quebracho wood tannin
- Two-step hydrolysis of nipa (Nypa fruticans) frond as treated by semi-flow hot-compressed water
- Effect of acetic acid addition on chemical conversion of woods as treated by semi-flow hot-compressed water
- Oxidative cleavage of non-phenolic β-O-4 lignin model dimers by an extracellular aromatic peroxygenase
- Surface chemistry of vessel elements by FE-SEM, μ-XPS and ToF-SIMS
- Application of FT-NIR-DR and FT-IR-ATR spectroscopy to estimate the chemical composition of bamboo (Neosinocalamus affinis Keng)
- Chemical modification of lignin assisted by microwave irradiation
- Acidic oxidation of kraft lignin into aromatic monomers catalyzed by transition metal salts
- Effect of Physisporinus vitreus on wood properties of Norway spruce. Part 1: Aspects of delignification and surface hardness
- Effect of Physisporinus vitreus on wood properties of Norway spruce. Part 2: Aspects of microtensile strength and chemical changes
- Mode I critical stress intensity factor of wood and medium-density fiberboard measured by compact tension test
- Effect of oxalic acid pretreatment of wood chips on manufacturing medium-density fiberboard
- Experimental investigation of stress wave propagation in standing trees
- Relationships between mechanical properties of oak timber (Quercus robur L.)
- Estimating mechanical properties and specific gravity for five-year-old Eucalyptus tereticornis having broad moisture content range by NIR spectroscopy
- Effect of morphological variability of incrusted pit membranes on efficiency of transverse compression to improve liquid uptake
- Short Notes
- Performance of biopolymer films with reinforcing cellulose-containing fillers from pine pulp and bark and birch sawdust
- Efficacy of two organic biocides with co-added antioxidants
Schlagwörter für diesen Artikel
logs;
standing trees;
stress wave contour map;
stress wave propagation;
time-of-flight;
wave front
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Original Papers
- Lignocellulosic biorefinery: process integration of hydrolysis and fermentation (SSF process)
- Study of stilbene and resin acid content of Scots pine heartwood by electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)
- Radical scavenging characteristics of condensed tannins from barks of various tree species compared with quebracho wood tannin
- Two-step hydrolysis of nipa (Nypa fruticans) frond as treated by semi-flow hot-compressed water
- Effect of acetic acid addition on chemical conversion of woods as treated by semi-flow hot-compressed water
- Oxidative cleavage of non-phenolic β-O-4 lignin model dimers by an extracellular aromatic peroxygenase
- Surface chemistry of vessel elements by FE-SEM, μ-XPS and ToF-SIMS
- Application of FT-NIR-DR and FT-IR-ATR spectroscopy to estimate the chemical composition of bamboo (Neosinocalamus affinis Keng)
- Chemical modification of lignin assisted by microwave irradiation
- Acidic oxidation of kraft lignin into aromatic monomers catalyzed by transition metal salts
- Effect of Physisporinus vitreus on wood properties of Norway spruce. Part 1: Aspects of delignification and surface hardness
- Effect of Physisporinus vitreus on wood properties of Norway spruce. Part 2: Aspects of microtensile strength and chemical changes
- Mode I critical stress intensity factor of wood and medium-density fiberboard measured by compact tension test
- Effect of oxalic acid pretreatment of wood chips on manufacturing medium-density fiberboard
- Experimental investigation of stress wave propagation in standing trees
- Relationships between mechanical properties of oak timber (Quercus robur L.)
- Estimating mechanical properties and specific gravity for five-year-old Eucalyptus tereticornis having broad moisture content range by NIR spectroscopy
- Effect of morphological variability of incrusted pit membranes on efficiency of transverse compression to improve liquid uptake
- Short Notes
- Performance of biopolymer films with reinforcing cellulose-containing fillers from pine pulp and bark and birch sawdust
- Efficacy of two organic biocides with co-added antioxidants
