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Surface chemistry of vessel elements by FE-SEM, μ-XPS and ToF-SIMS
-
Elina Orblin
,
Valerie Eta
Published/Copyright:
March 14, 2011
Abstract
Separation of vessel elements and fibers was carried out for Eucalyptus kraft and recycled pulp as raw materials. A new separation method is presented. The surface morphology, surface chemical characteristics and chemistry of individual vessel elements were studied using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), microbeam X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy (μ-XPS) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). By FE-SEM it could be seen that vessel elements in recycled pulp were almost intact or only partly broken via the pits. They were also detected on the surface of newsprint paper. The chemical composition of vessel element surfaces was similar to that of fibers. The surface coverage by lignin in vessels showed scattered results by μ-XPS. However, normalized lignin peak intensities of ToF-SIMS indicated that vessels had lower surface lignin counts than fibers. Vessel elements in recycled pulp were rich in phthalates and other hydrocarbons originating probably from printing ink and paper chemicals. Fillers, sizes, and other paper chemicals were not completely removed from the recycled vessel surfaces during the de-inking.
Keywords: de-inked pulp; recycled pulp; surface; time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry; vessel element; X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
Received: 2010-11-2
Accepted: 2011-2-14
Published Online: 2011-03-14
Published Online: 2011-03-14
Published in Print: 2011-08-01
©2011 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin Boston
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Keywords for this article
de-inked pulp;
recycled pulp;
surface;
time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry;
vessel element;
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
Articles in the same Issue
- Original Papers
- Lignocellulosic biorefinery: process integration of hydrolysis and fermentation (SSF process)
- Study of stilbene and resin acid content of Scots pine heartwood by electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)
- Radical scavenging characteristics of condensed tannins from barks of various tree species compared with quebracho wood tannin
- Two-step hydrolysis of nipa (Nypa fruticans) frond as treated by semi-flow hot-compressed water
- Effect of acetic acid addition on chemical conversion of woods as treated by semi-flow hot-compressed water
- Oxidative cleavage of non-phenolic β-O-4 lignin model dimers by an extracellular aromatic peroxygenase
- Surface chemistry of vessel elements by FE-SEM, μ-XPS and ToF-SIMS
- Application of FT-NIR-DR and FT-IR-ATR spectroscopy to estimate the chemical composition of bamboo (Neosinocalamus affinis Keng)
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- Effect of oxalic acid pretreatment of wood chips on manufacturing medium-density fiberboard
- Experimental investigation of stress wave propagation in standing trees
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- Performance of biopolymer films with reinforcing cellulose-containing fillers from pine pulp and bark and birch sawdust
- Efficacy of two organic biocides with co-added antioxidants
