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Chemical modification of lignin assisted by microwave irradiation
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Xinping Ouyang
Published/Copyright:
April 6, 2011
Abstract
Soda lignin was converted into sulfonated lignin by oxidation, hydroxymethylation, and sulfonation assisted by microwave irradiation. Oxidation and hydroxymethylation under these circumstances led to lignins with much higher reactivity toward subsequent sulfonation, and the sulfonation degree could be elevated up to 2.75 mmol g-1. A suitable microwave irradiation time is beneficial to obtain oxidized lignin with small molecular size, but the irradiation time must be selected adequately. Under optimal conditions, the sulfonated lignin exhibits a good dispersive effect to TiO2 suspension. Compared to conventional water bath heating, microwave irradiation not only increases the sulfonation degree of lignin, but also sharply shortens the reaction time.
Received: 2010-11-4
Accepted: 2011-2-23
Published Online: 2011-04-06
Published Online: 2011-04-6
Published in Print: 2011-08-01
©2011 by Walter de Gruyter Berlin Boston
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Keywords for this article
hydroxymethylation;
microwave irradiation;
oxidation;
soda lignin;
sulfonation
Articles in the same Issue
- Original Papers
- Lignocellulosic biorefinery: process integration of hydrolysis and fermentation (SSF process)
- Study of stilbene and resin acid content of Scots pine heartwood by electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)
- Radical scavenging characteristics of condensed tannins from barks of various tree species compared with quebracho wood tannin
- Two-step hydrolysis of nipa (Nypa fruticans) frond as treated by semi-flow hot-compressed water
- Effect of acetic acid addition on chemical conversion of woods as treated by semi-flow hot-compressed water
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- Surface chemistry of vessel elements by FE-SEM, μ-XPS and ToF-SIMS
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- Effect of Physisporinus vitreus on wood properties of Norway spruce. Part 1: Aspects of delignification and surface hardness
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- Efficacy of two organic biocides with co-added antioxidants
