Abstract
It is well established that hedgerows provide habitats, which cannot be found in otherwise coherent agricultural landscape. However, different organisms vary in their response to various environmental variables of hedgerows. The aim of this paper is to study how are the myriapod species richness and community composition related to biological and morphological parameters of farmland hedgerows. We expected diversity to be related to size of hedgerows and community composition to be primarily affected by their biological attributes. We studied myriapod communities in 20 hedgerows located in close vicinity of Žibritov village (the Carpathians, Slovakia) in Central European upland farmland. Characteristics of the hedgerows were either measured in the field or derived from GIS layers. We used univariate and multivariate correlation methods to investigate the effect of hedgerow characteristics on diversity and composition of myriapod communities. Surprisingly high taxa numbers of myriapods were found within small area. Richness of millipedes showed negative relationship with hedgerow plant community diversity, hedgerow length and soil depth and weak positive relationships with a degree of shrub layer defoliation. Centipede richness was mainly related to diversity of hedgerow tree layer. We did not find any significant relationship between centipede communities’ composition and environment. Length of hedgerows was the only variable showing significant relationship with millipede communities’ composition. Despite small area, hedgerows represent important habitats for several species of centipedes and millipedes and show specific composition of their taxocoenoses determined by hedgerows attributes. Farmland hedgerows appear to be important habitats for soil organisms, which may be further beneficial for surrounding landscape.
Acknowledgements
We are grateful to our students, František Belohorec and Róbert Smitka, for their help in the laboratory. This study was supported by Slovak Scientific Grant Agency, VEGA, contract no. 1/0530/15. We thank to two anonymous reviewers whose comments to the previous version of the manuscript considerably improved the paper.
References
Baudry J., Bunce R.G.H. & Burel F. 2000. Hedgerows: An international perspective on their origin, function and management. J. Environ. Manage. 60: 7–22. 10.1006/jema.2000.0358Suche in Google Scholar
Blower J.G. 1985. Millipedes: Keys and Notes for the Identification of the Species. Synopses of the British Fauna (New Series) 35. Backhuys Publishers, London, 242 pp. ISBN: 9004076980Suche in Google Scholar
Branquart É., Kime R.D., Dufréne M. & Tavernier J. 1995. Macroarthropod-habitat relationships in oak forest in South Belgium. 1. Environments and communities. Pedobiologia 39: 243–263.Suche in Google Scholar
Corey D.T. 1988. Centipedes and millipedes in three central Florida plant communities (Chilopoda and Diplopoda). Florida Entomol. 71: 659–662. 10.2307/3495026Suche in Google Scholar
Corey T.D. & Stout I.J. 1992. Centipede and millipede (Chilopoda and Diplopoda) fauna in sandhill communities of Florida. Amer. Midl. Nat. 127: 60–65. 10.2307/2426322Suche in Google Scholar
Critchley C.N.R., Wilson L.A., Mole A.C., Norton L.R. & Smart S.M. 2013. A functional classification of herbaceous hedgerow vegetation for setting restoration objectives. Biol. Conserv. 22: 701–717. 10.1007/s10531-013-0440-5Suche in Google Scholar
David J.F. 2009. Ecology of millipedes (Diplopoda) in the context of global change. Soil Organisms 81: 719–733.Suche in Google Scholar
David J.F. 2014. The role of litter-feeding macroarthropods in decomposition processes: A reappraisal of common views. Soil Biol. Biochem. 76: 109–118. 10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.05.009Suche in Google Scholar
David J.F., Devernay S., Loucougaray G. & Le Floch E. 1999. Belowground biodiversity in a Mediterranean landscape: relationships between saprophagous macroarthropod communities and vegetation structure. Biol. Conserv. 8: 753–767. 10.1023/A:1008842313832Suche in Google Scholar
Deckers B., Hermy M. & Muys B. 2004. Factors affecting plant species composition of hedgerows: relative importance and hierarchy. Acta Oecol. 26: 23–37. 10.1016/j.actao.2004.03.002Suche in Google Scholar
Diviaková A. 2010. Hodnotenie líniových formácií nelesnej drevinovej vegetácie pre potreby územných systémov ekologickej stability [Assesment of linie non forest woody vegetation for purpose of territorial systems of ecological stability] 1. vyd. VKÚ, a. s., Harmanec, 118 pp. ISBN: 9788080426149Suche in Google Scholar
Dmowski K. & Koziakiewicz M. 1990. Influence of a shrub corridor on movements of passerine birds to a lake littoral zone. Landsc. Ecol. 4: 98–108. 10.1007/BF00132854Suche in Google Scholar
Dover J. & Sparks T. 2000. A review of the ecology of butterflies in British hedgerows. J. Environ. Manage. 60: 51–63. 10.1006/jema.2000.0361Suche in Google Scholar
Dover J., Sparks T., Clarke S., Gobbett K. & Glossop S. 2000. Linear features and butterflies: the importance of green lanes. Agricult. Ecosyst. Environ. 80: 227–242. 10.1016/S0167-8809(00)00149-3Suche in Google Scholar
Eason E.H. 1964. Centipedes of the British Isles. Frederic Warne & Co Ltd, London, 294 pp. ISBN 10: 0723200262Suche in Google Scholar
Ernoult A. & Alard D. 2011. Species richness of hedgerow habitats in changing agricultural landscapes: are alpha and gamma diversity shaped by the same factors? Landsc. Ecol. 26: 683–696. 10.1007/s10980-011-9593-3Suche in Google Scholar
Ewers R.M., Didham R.K. & Ranson L.H. 2002. The Hope River forest fragmentation project. The Weta 24: 25–34.Suche in Google Scholar
Fagan W.F., Cantrell R.S. & Cosner C. 1999. How habitat edges change species interactions. Amer. Nat. 153: 165–182. 10.1086/303162Suche in Google Scholar
Griffiths G.J.K., Winder L., Holland J.M., Thomas C.F.G. & Williams E. 2007. The representation and functional composition of carabid and staphylinid beetles in different field boundary types at a farm-scale. Biol. Conserv. 135: 145–152. 10.1016/j.biocon.2006.09.016Suche in Google Scholar
Hannon L.E. & Sisk T.D. 2009. Hedgerows in an agri-natural landscape: Potential habitat value for native bees. Biol. Conserv. 142: 2140–2154. 10.1016/j.biocon.2009.04.014Suche in Google Scholar
Harrell Jr F.E. 2014. Hmisc: Harrell Miscellaneous. R package version 3.14-4. https://www.rdocumentation.org/packages/ HmiscSuche in Google Scholar
Herbert D.G. 2000. Dining on diplopods: remarkable feeding behaviour in chlamydephorid slugs (Mollusca, Gastropoda). J. Zool. 251: 1–5. 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2000.tb00586.xSuche in Google Scholar
Kicaj H. & Qirjo M. 2010. The influence of ecological factors like rainfall, temperature, moisture for evaluating the millipede population in the southern region of Albania, p. 96. In: Conference of Water Observation and Information System for Decision Support BALWOIS 2010 – Ohrid, Book of Abstracts, MagnaSken, Skopje.Suche in Google Scholar
Konečný V., Lexa J., Halouzka R., Dublan L., Šimon L., Stolár M., Nagy A., Polák M., Vozár J., Havrila M. & Pristaš J. 1998. Geologická mapa Stiavnických vrchov a Pohronského Inovca 1: 50 000 [Geological map of the Štiavnické vrchy and Pohronský Inovec Mts 1: 50 000]. MZP ČSSR, Bratislava.Suche in Google Scholar
Maglocký S. 2002. Potenciyálna prirodzená vegetácia [Potentially natural vegetation], pp. 114–115. In: Miklós L. & Hrnčiarová T. (eds), Atlas krajiny SR [Atlas of the Slovak Republic], MŽP SR, SAŽP, Banská Bystrica, 342 pp. ISBN: 80-8883327-2Suche in Google Scholar
Mazúr E. & Lukniš M. 2002. Geomorfologické jednotky [Geomorphological units]. In: Miklós L. & Hrnčiarova T. (eds), Atlas krajiny SR [Atlas of the Slovak Republic], MŽP SR, SAŽP, Banská Bystrica, 342 pp. ISBN: 80-88833-27-2Suche in Google Scholar
Murcia C. 1995. Edge effects in fragmented forests: implications for conservation. Trends Ecol. Evol. 10: 58–62. 10.1016/S0169-5347(00)88977-6Suche in Google Scholar PubMed
Nazzi F., Paoletti M.G. & Lorenzoni G.G. 1989. Soil invertebrate dynamics of soybean agroecosystems encircled by hedgerows or not in Fruili, Italy. First data. Agricult. Ecosyst. Environ. 27: 163–176. 10.1016/0167-8809(89)90082-0Suche in Google Scholar
Oksanen J., Blanchet F.G., Kindt R., Legendre P., Minchin P.R., O’Hara R.B., Simpson G.L., Solymos P., Stevens M.H.H. & Wagner H. 2013. vegan: Community Ecology Package. R package version 2.0-10.Suche in Google Scholar
Olechowicz E. 2004. Community structure of soil-litter macrofauna in shelterbelt and adjacent crop field. Pol. J. Ecol. 52:135–153.Suche in Google Scholar
Paoletti M.G., D’incá A., Tonin E., Tonon S., Migliorini C., Petruzzelli G., Pezzarossa B., Gomiero T. & Sommaggio D. 2010. Soil invertebrates as bio-indicators in a natural area converted from agricultural use: The case study of Vallevecchia-Lugugnana in north-eastern Italy. J. Sustain. Agricult. 34: 38–56. 10.1080/10440040903396698Suche in Google Scholar
Pfiffner L. & Luka H. 2000. Overwintering of arthropods in soils of arable fields and adjacent semi-natural habitats. Agricult. Ecosyst. Environ. 78: 215–222. 10.1016/S0167-8809(99)00130-9Suche in Google Scholar
Pokarzhevskii A.D. & Krivolutskii D.A. 1997. Problems of estimating and maintaining biodiversity of soil biota in natural and agroecosystems: A case study of chernozem soil. Agricult. Ecosyst. Environ. 62: 127–133. 10.1016/S0167-8809(96)01139-5Suche in Google Scholar
R Core Team 2015. R. A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. http://www.r-project.org/Suche in Google Scholar
Schaefer M. & Schauermann J. 1990. The soil fauna of beech forests: comparison between a mull and moder soil. Pedobiologia 34: 299–314.Suche in Google Scholar
Smith J., Potts S. & Eggleton P. 2008. The value of sown grass margins for enhancing soil macrofaunal biodiversity in arable systems. Agricult. Ecosyst. Environ. 127: 119–125. 10.1016/j.agee.2008.03.008Suche in Google Scholar
Staley J.T., Amya S.R., Adams N.P., Chapman R.E., Peyton J.M. & Pywell R.F. 2015. Re-structuring hedges: Rejuvenation management can improve the long term quality of hedgerow habitats for wildlife in the UK. Biol. Conserv. 186: 10.1016/j.biocon.2015.03.002Suche in Google Scholar
Stašiov S. 2009. Millipede (Diplopoda) communities in mixed oak-hornbeam forest stands – effect of selected site factors. Pol. J. Ecol. 57: 785–792.Suche in Google Scholar
Stašiov S., Stašiová A., Svitok M., Michalková E., Slobodník B. & Lukáčik I. 2012. Millipedes (Diplopoda) communities in an arboretum: Influence of tree species and soil properties. Biologia 67: 945–952. 10.2478/s11756-012-0097-7Suche in Google Scholar
Tajovský K. & Wytwer J. 2009. Millipedes and centipedes in wetland alder stands in North-Eastern Poland. Soil Organisms 81: 761–772.Suche in Google Scholar
Thomas C.F.G., Parkinson L., Griffiths G.J.K., Fernandez Garcia A. & Marshall E.J.P. 2001. Aggregation and temporal stability of carabid beetle distributions in field and hedgerow habitats. J. Appl. Ecol. 38: 100–116. 10.1046/j.1365-2664.2001.00574.xSuche in Google Scholar
Tuf I.H. & Ožanová J. 1998. Chilopoda and Diplopoda in different ecosystems of the Litovské Pomoraví Protected Landscape Area, pp. 247–253. In: Pižl V. & Tajovský K. (eds), Soil Zoological Problems in Central Europe: Proceedings of 4th Central European Workshop on Soil Zoology, Inst. Soil Biol. Acad. Sci. Czech Republic, 283 pp. ISBN: 8090202047Suche in Google Scholar
Wytwer J. & Tracz H. 2003. Diplopoda communities in different forest habitats of Białowieza Primeval Forest, Poland. Afr. Invertebr. 44: 293–311.Suche in Google Scholar
© 2017 Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Zoology
- Identifying white spots on the roadmap of Late Pleistocene and Holocene palaeolimnology in Slovakia: Review and future directions
- Cellular and Molecular Biology
- Purification of small-size acidic proteoglycan-like domain of carbonic anhydrase IX fused with thioredoxine expressed in Escherichia coli for structural characterization
- Botany
- Functional and morphological traits of epiphytic lichens in the Western Carpathian oak forests reflect the influence of air quality and forest history
- Botany
- Clonostachys rosea associated with ponderosa and Coulter pine needles in Slovakia
- Botany
- First signs of old-growth structure and composition of an oak forest after four decades of abandonment
- Botany
- Factors responsible for the distribution of invasive plant species in the surroundings of railway areas. A case study from SE Poland
- Botany
- The role of lipids and polysaccharides in model root mucilage with implications for the surface activity of the rhizosphere
- Botany
- Physiological and proteomic changes in Zizania latifolia under chilling stress
- Botany
- Novel polymorphic EST-based microsatellite markers characterized in lettuce (Lactuca sativa)
- Cellular and Molecular Biology
- Identification of a HSP40 gene involved in planarian regeneration
- Zoology
- A new species of Bothropolys and a new record of Lithobius magnitergiferous (Lithobiidae) from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China
- Zoology
- Myriapod (Chilopoda, Diplopoda) communities in hedgerows of upland agricultural landscape
- Zoology
- A new cockroach, with bipectinate antennae,(Blattaria: Olidae fam. nov.) further highlights the differences between the Burmite and other faunas
- Zoology
- Pre-winter larval activity and feeding behavior of Erebia aethiops and E. cassioides in Austrian Alps
- Zoology
- Genetic structure of Apis mellifera carnica in Slovakia based on microsatellite DNA polymorphism
- Zoology
- Amphibians in Czech zoological gardens — trends and implications for conservation
- Zoology
- Phenetic similarity of European golden jackal (Canis aureus moreoticus) populations from southeastern Europe based on craniometric data
- Celluar and Molecular Biology
- Fucoidan from Undaria pinnatifida regulates type II collagen and COX-2 expression via MAPK and PI3K pathways in rabbit articular chondrocytes
- Zoology
- Changes in expression of neurotrophins and neurotrophic factors in the model of eosinophilic inflammation of the esophageal mucosa
- Celluar and Molecular Biology
- The growth inhibitory effects of garlic polysaccharide combined with cis-dichlorodiamine platinum on human HepG2 cells
- Erratum
- Reptile surveys reveal high species richness in areas recovering from mining activity in the Brazilian Cerrado
Artikel in diesem Heft
- Zoology
- Identifying white spots on the roadmap of Late Pleistocene and Holocene palaeolimnology in Slovakia: Review and future directions
- Cellular and Molecular Biology
- Purification of small-size acidic proteoglycan-like domain of carbonic anhydrase IX fused with thioredoxine expressed in Escherichia coli for structural characterization
- Botany
- Functional and morphological traits of epiphytic lichens in the Western Carpathian oak forests reflect the influence of air quality and forest history
- Botany
- Clonostachys rosea associated with ponderosa and Coulter pine needles in Slovakia
- Botany
- First signs of old-growth structure and composition of an oak forest after four decades of abandonment
- Botany
- Factors responsible for the distribution of invasive plant species in the surroundings of railway areas. A case study from SE Poland
- Botany
- The role of lipids and polysaccharides in model root mucilage with implications for the surface activity of the rhizosphere
- Botany
- Physiological and proteomic changes in Zizania latifolia under chilling stress
- Botany
- Novel polymorphic EST-based microsatellite markers characterized in lettuce (Lactuca sativa)
- Cellular and Molecular Biology
- Identification of a HSP40 gene involved in planarian regeneration
- Zoology
- A new species of Bothropolys and a new record of Lithobius magnitergiferous (Lithobiidae) from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China
- Zoology
- Myriapod (Chilopoda, Diplopoda) communities in hedgerows of upland agricultural landscape
- Zoology
- A new cockroach, with bipectinate antennae,(Blattaria: Olidae fam. nov.) further highlights the differences between the Burmite and other faunas
- Zoology
- Pre-winter larval activity and feeding behavior of Erebia aethiops and E. cassioides in Austrian Alps
- Zoology
- Genetic structure of Apis mellifera carnica in Slovakia based on microsatellite DNA polymorphism
- Zoology
- Amphibians in Czech zoological gardens — trends and implications for conservation
- Zoology
- Phenetic similarity of European golden jackal (Canis aureus moreoticus) populations from southeastern Europe based on craniometric data
- Celluar and Molecular Biology
- Fucoidan from Undaria pinnatifida regulates type II collagen and COX-2 expression via MAPK and PI3K pathways in rabbit articular chondrocytes
- Zoology
- Changes in expression of neurotrophins and neurotrophic factors in the model of eosinophilic inflammation of the esophageal mucosa
- Celluar and Molecular Biology
- The growth inhibitory effects of garlic polysaccharide combined with cis-dichlorodiamine platinum on human HepG2 cells
- Erratum
- Reptile surveys reveal high species richness in areas recovering from mining activity in the Brazilian Cerrado