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Chapter 13 Residues of industrial wastewater treatment: Hazardous waste or anthropogenic resource?

  • Iphigenia Anagnostopoulos und Soraya Heuss-Aßbichler
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Industrial Waste
Ein Kapitel aus dem Buch Industrial Waste

Abstract

Water is an essential resource for metal processing. Therefore, huge amounts of heavy metal loaded wastewater is produced not only during manufacturing. The electroplating industry is one of the sectors producing large amounts of complex wastewaters enriched with metals like copper, nickel or chromium. These wastewaters are challenging to treat due to their diverse and complex properties and are generally considered as hazardous, as they are toxic to humans and the environment. Serious pollution incidents in the past have led to the development of various water treatment technologies with the aim of removing metal load from the wastewater and thus enabling the water to be discharged safely. The most common conventional treatment method is the neutralization process. The precipitation of heavy metals as hydroxides, however, causes large amounts of voluminous sludge which, after a physical-chemical treatment, are usually disposed of in hazardous landfills. Another well-established purification method is ion-exchange, which uses exchange resins to concentrate heavy metals. The concentrates are hazardous waste and must be treated afterwards, which is in many cases done by neutralization precipitation. Ion exchange is not cost-effective for large quantities of wastewater. Other technologies to extract metals from wastewater are e.g., adsorption, membrane filtration, coagulation- flocculation, flotation, or electrochemical methods. Recently, waste has received greater attention as a potential secondary metal resource for economic, but especially strategic reasons. In 2017 a total of 418.700 Mg of waste were treated in Germany according to EWC 11 01 09* “sludges and filter cakes containing heavy metals”. Only 5.200 Mg were recycled, which corresponds to a recycling rate of 1%. The economic potential of this waste results in a loss of about 3.0 Mio € for Cu, 4.0 Mio € for Ni, 1.0 Mio € for Zn and 1.7 Mio € for Sn. Accordingly, research is done to improve wastewater treatment methods to extract metals from wastewater with higher efficiency. An innovative concept, the Specific Product-Oriented Precipitation (SPOP), which is currently being developed, is based to the principles of circular economy, as it meets both high recovery rates (> 99 %) of metals as oxides and the purification of wastewater.

Abstract

Water is an essential resource for metal processing. Therefore, huge amounts of heavy metal loaded wastewater is produced not only during manufacturing. The electroplating industry is one of the sectors producing large amounts of complex wastewaters enriched with metals like copper, nickel or chromium. These wastewaters are challenging to treat due to their diverse and complex properties and are generally considered as hazardous, as they are toxic to humans and the environment. Serious pollution incidents in the past have led to the development of various water treatment technologies with the aim of removing metal load from the wastewater and thus enabling the water to be discharged safely. The most common conventional treatment method is the neutralization process. The precipitation of heavy metals as hydroxides, however, causes large amounts of voluminous sludge which, after a physical-chemical treatment, are usually disposed of in hazardous landfills. Another well-established purification method is ion-exchange, which uses exchange resins to concentrate heavy metals. The concentrates are hazardous waste and must be treated afterwards, which is in many cases done by neutralization precipitation. Ion exchange is not cost-effective for large quantities of wastewater. Other technologies to extract metals from wastewater are e.g., adsorption, membrane filtration, coagulation- flocculation, flotation, or electrochemical methods. Recently, waste has received greater attention as a potential secondary metal resource for economic, but especially strategic reasons. In 2017 a total of 418.700 Mg of waste were treated in Germany according to EWC 11 01 09* “sludges and filter cakes containing heavy metals”. Only 5.200 Mg were recycled, which corresponds to a recycling rate of 1%. The economic potential of this waste results in a loss of about 3.0 Mio € for Cu, 4.0 Mio € for Ni, 1.0 Mio € for Zn and 1.7 Mio € for Sn. Accordingly, research is done to improve wastewater treatment methods to extract metals from wastewater with higher efficiency. An innovative concept, the Specific Product-Oriented Precipitation (SPOP), which is currently being developed, is based to the principles of circular economy, as it meets both high recovery rates (> 99 %) of metals as oxides and the purification of wastewater.

Kapitel in diesem Buch

  1. Frontmatter I
  2. Contents V
  3. List of Authors IX
  4. Part 1: Measurement and properties
  5. Chapter 1 Characterization of supplementary cementitious materials and their quantification in cement blends by solid-state NMR 3
  6. Chapter 2 Mineralogical quantification of cements, wastes and supplementary cementitious materials 33
  7. Chapter 3 Microstructure analysis with quantitative phase mapping using SEM-EDS and Phase Recognition and Characterization (PARC) Software: applied to steelmaking slag 57
  8. Chapter 4 The use of μXRF in the characterization of industrial wastes and pozzolanes 97
  9. Part 2: Characterization of industrial residues
  10. Chapter 5 Characterization of supplementary cementitious materials: Brown coal fly ashes 165
  11. Chapter 6 Iron and steel slags: from wastes to by-products of high technical, economical and ecological advantages 203
  12. Chapter 7 Utilization of Supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) in Portland cement, alkali activated and ternary binders 253
  13. Chapter 8 Study of some physico chemical properties of plastic clays belonging to Girujan deposits from Chumoukedima Nagaland, India and their prospective industrial applications 297
  14. Part 3: Use and application of industrial residues
  15. Chapter 9 Conversion of CO2 into useful products 319
  16. Chapter 10 Mine tailings as precursors for alkali-activated materials and ettringite binders 345
  17. Chapter 11 Industrial waste as fuel and raw material in the cement industry 361
  18. Chapter 12 Fly ash from municipal solid waste Incineration: from industrial residue to resource for zinc 379
  19. Chapter 13 Residues of industrial wastewater treatment: Hazardous waste or anthropogenic resource? 403
  20. Chapter 14 Composites of some sustainable siliceous materials for the removal of fluoride from ground water and immobilization of the sludge generated 433
  21. Part 4: Residues from mining
  22. Chapter 15 Characterization and mineral processing options of “Kupferschiefer”-type low-grade black shale ore from mining dumps in Central Germany 455
  23. Chapter 16 Rare-earth elements in phosphogypsum and mineral processing residues from phosphate-rich weathered alkaline ultramafic rocks, Brazil 505
  24. Chapter 17 The Mn oxides tailing from Amazon Region as low-cost raw material to synthesis of shigaite-type phase 541
  25. Chapter 18 Eco-cements out of Belterra Clay: An extensive Brazilian bauxite overburden to produce low-CO2 eco-friendly calcium sulphoaluminate based cements 553
  26. Index 581
https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110674941-013

Kapitel in diesem Buch

  1. Frontmatter I
  2. Contents V
  3. List of Authors IX
  4. Part 1: Measurement and properties
  5. Chapter 1 Characterization of supplementary cementitious materials and their quantification in cement blends by solid-state NMR 3
  6. Chapter 2 Mineralogical quantification of cements, wastes and supplementary cementitious materials 33
  7. Chapter 3 Microstructure analysis with quantitative phase mapping using SEM-EDS and Phase Recognition and Characterization (PARC) Software: applied to steelmaking slag 57
  8. Chapter 4 The use of μXRF in the characterization of industrial wastes and pozzolanes 97
  9. Part 2: Characterization of industrial residues
  10. Chapter 5 Characterization of supplementary cementitious materials: Brown coal fly ashes 165
  11. Chapter 6 Iron and steel slags: from wastes to by-products of high technical, economical and ecological advantages 203
  12. Chapter 7 Utilization of Supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) in Portland cement, alkali activated and ternary binders 253
  13. Chapter 8 Study of some physico chemical properties of plastic clays belonging to Girujan deposits from Chumoukedima Nagaland, India and their prospective industrial applications 297
  14. Part 3: Use and application of industrial residues
  15. Chapter 9 Conversion of CO2 into useful products 319
  16. Chapter 10 Mine tailings as precursors for alkali-activated materials and ettringite binders 345
  17. Chapter 11 Industrial waste as fuel and raw material in the cement industry 361
  18. Chapter 12 Fly ash from municipal solid waste Incineration: from industrial residue to resource for zinc 379
  19. Chapter 13 Residues of industrial wastewater treatment: Hazardous waste or anthropogenic resource? 403
  20. Chapter 14 Composites of some sustainable siliceous materials for the removal of fluoride from ground water and immobilization of the sludge generated 433
  21. Part 4: Residues from mining
  22. Chapter 15 Characterization and mineral processing options of “Kupferschiefer”-type low-grade black shale ore from mining dumps in Central Germany 455
  23. Chapter 16 Rare-earth elements in phosphogypsum and mineral processing residues from phosphate-rich weathered alkaline ultramafic rocks, Brazil 505
  24. Chapter 17 The Mn oxides tailing from Amazon Region as low-cost raw material to synthesis of shigaite-type phase 541
  25. Chapter 18 Eco-cements out of Belterra Clay: An extensive Brazilian bauxite overburden to produce low-CO2 eco-friendly calcium sulphoaluminate based cements 553
  26. Index 581
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Heruntergeladen am 21.10.2025 von https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110674941-013/html
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