Startseite Chapter 3 Microstructure analysis with quantitative phase mapping using SEM-EDS and Phase Recognition and Characterization (PARC) Software: applied to steelmaking slag
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Chapter 3 Microstructure analysis with quantitative phase mapping using SEM-EDS and Phase Recognition and Characterization (PARC) Software: applied to steelmaking slag

  • Katrin Schollbach und Sieger van der Laan
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Industrial Waste
Ein Kapitel aus dem Buch Industrial Waste

Abstract

The amount, spatial distribution, and composition of phases determine the physical and chemical properties of a material and reveals information about its processing, its reactivity, or its changes due to corrosion and weathering. The characterization challenge, especially with heterogeneous multiphase materials, is to acquire quantitative microstructural data that is relevant for material properties on the macroscale. This often requires microscopy of extensive surface areas and yields very large datasets for X-ray microanalysis (Spectral Images) obtained with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM-EDS). The PARC (PhAse Recognition and Characterization) approach is a solution for dealing with such large Spectral Image datasets and can generate new insights about a material and lay a foundation for understanding it by close visualization of its phase distribution. In this chapter, PARC is applied to converter slag and its partial alteration products from hydration and carbonation. Converter slag, synonymous with basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slag and Linz-Donawitz (LD) slag, is a by-product of steelmaking, globally produced at about 0.2 Billion tons annually, and forms when hot metal from the blast furnace is converted into raw steel. Unlike blast furnace slag itself, converter slag is fully crystalline and not widely used as a building material. It contains C2S (Ca2SiO4,) as the most common phase, followed by Mg-wuestite ((Fe,Mg)O) and C2(A, F) (Ca2(Fe,Al)2O5) and shows no pozzolanic reactivity but instead is slightly hydraulic and easily carbonated. Analysis of unreacted converter slag as well as hydrated and carbonated systems are discussed to demonstrate how the quantitative evaluation of microstructure with PARC can be comprehensively integrated with bulk analytical observations from quantitative X-Ray diffraction, X-Ray fluorescence, thermogravimetric analysis, and density/porosimetry.

Abstract

The amount, spatial distribution, and composition of phases determine the physical and chemical properties of a material and reveals information about its processing, its reactivity, or its changes due to corrosion and weathering. The characterization challenge, especially with heterogeneous multiphase materials, is to acquire quantitative microstructural data that is relevant for material properties on the macroscale. This often requires microscopy of extensive surface areas and yields very large datasets for X-ray microanalysis (Spectral Images) obtained with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM-EDS). The PARC (PhAse Recognition and Characterization) approach is a solution for dealing with such large Spectral Image datasets and can generate new insights about a material and lay a foundation for understanding it by close visualization of its phase distribution. In this chapter, PARC is applied to converter slag and its partial alteration products from hydration and carbonation. Converter slag, synonymous with basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slag and Linz-Donawitz (LD) slag, is a by-product of steelmaking, globally produced at about 0.2 Billion tons annually, and forms when hot metal from the blast furnace is converted into raw steel. Unlike blast furnace slag itself, converter slag is fully crystalline and not widely used as a building material. It contains C2S (Ca2SiO4,) as the most common phase, followed by Mg-wuestite ((Fe,Mg)O) and C2(A, F) (Ca2(Fe,Al)2O5) and shows no pozzolanic reactivity but instead is slightly hydraulic and easily carbonated. Analysis of unreacted converter slag as well as hydrated and carbonated systems are discussed to demonstrate how the quantitative evaluation of microstructure with PARC can be comprehensively integrated with bulk analytical observations from quantitative X-Ray diffraction, X-Ray fluorescence, thermogravimetric analysis, and density/porosimetry.

Kapitel in diesem Buch

  1. Frontmatter I
  2. Contents V
  3. List of Authors IX
  4. Part 1: Measurement and properties
  5. Chapter 1 Characterization of supplementary cementitious materials and their quantification in cement blends by solid-state NMR 3
  6. Chapter 2 Mineralogical quantification of cements, wastes and supplementary cementitious materials 33
  7. Chapter 3 Microstructure analysis with quantitative phase mapping using SEM-EDS and Phase Recognition and Characterization (PARC) Software: applied to steelmaking slag 57
  8. Chapter 4 The use of μXRF in the characterization of industrial wastes and pozzolanes 97
  9. Part 2: Characterization of industrial residues
  10. Chapter 5 Characterization of supplementary cementitious materials: Brown coal fly ashes 165
  11. Chapter 6 Iron and steel slags: from wastes to by-products of high technical, economical and ecological advantages 203
  12. Chapter 7 Utilization of Supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) in Portland cement, alkali activated and ternary binders 253
  13. Chapter 8 Study of some physico chemical properties of plastic clays belonging to Girujan deposits from Chumoukedima Nagaland, India and their prospective industrial applications 297
  14. Part 3: Use and application of industrial residues
  15. Chapter 9 Conversion of CO2 into useful products 319
  16. Chapter 10 Mine tailings as precursors for alkali-activated materials and ettringite binders 345
  17. Chapter 11 Industrial waste as fuel and raw material in the cement industry 361
  18. Chapter 12 Fly ash from municipal solid waste Incineration: from industrial residue to resource for zinc 379
  19. Chapter 13 Residues of industrial wastewater treatment: Hazardous waste or anthropogenic resource? 403
  20. Chapter 14 Composites of some sustainable siliceous materials for the removal of fluoride from ground water and immobilization of the sludge generated 433
  21. Part 4: Residues from mining
  22. Chapter 15 Characterization and mineral processing options of “Kupferschiefer”-type low-grade black shale ore from mining dumps in Central Germany 455
  23. Chapter 16 Rare-earth elements in phosphogypsum and mineral processing residues from phosphate-rich weathered alkaline ultramafic rocks, Brazil 505
  24. Chapter 17 The Mn oxides tailing from Amazon Region as low-cost raw material to synthesis of shigaite-type phase 541
  25. Chapter 18 Eco-cements out of Belterra Clay: An extensive Brazilian bauxite overburden to produce low-CO2 eco-friendly calcium sulphoaluminate based cements 553
  26. Index 581
https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110674941-003

Kapitel in diesem Buch

  1. Frontmatter I
  2. Contents V
  3. List of Authors IX
  4. Part 1: Measurement and properties
  5. Chapter 1 Characterization of supplementary cementitious materials and their quantification in cement blends by solid-state NMR 3
  6. Chapter 2 Mineralogical quantification of cements, wastes and supplementary cementitious materials 33
  7. Chapter 3 Microstructure analysis with quantitative phase mapping using SEM-EDS and Phase Recognition and Characterization (PARC) Software: applied to steelmaking slag 57
  8. Chapter 4 The use of μXRF in the characterization of industrial wastes and pozzolanes 97
  9. Part 2: Characterization of industrial residues
  10. Chapter 5 Characterization of supplementary cementitious materials: Brown coal fly ashes 165
  11. Chapter 6 Iron and steel slags: from wastes to by-products of high technical, economical and ecological advantages 203
  12. Chapter 7 Utilization of Supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) in Portland cement, alkali activated and ternary binders 253
  13. Chapter 8 Study of some physico chemical properties of plastic clays belonging to Girujan deposits from Chumoukedima Nagaland, India and their prospective industrial applications 297
  14. Part 3: Use and application of industrial residues
  15. Chapter 9 Conversion of CO2 into useful products 319
  16. Chapter 10 Mine tailings as precursors for alkali-activated materials and ettringite binders 345
  17. Chapter 11 Industrial waste as fuel and raw material in the cement industry 361
  18. Chapter 12 Fly ash from municipal solid waste Incineration: from industrial residue to resource for zinc 379
  19. Chapter 13 Residues of industrial wastewater treatment: Hazardous waste or anthropogenic resource? 403
  20. Chapter 14 Composites of some sustainable siliceous materials for the removal of fluoride from ground water and immobilization of the sludge generated 433
  21. Part 4: Residues from mining
  22. Chapter 15 Characterization and mineral processing options of “Kupferschiefer”-type low-grade black shale ore from mining dumps in Central Germany 455
  23. Chapter 16 Rare-earth elements in phosphogypsum and mineral processing residues from phosphate-rich weathered alkaline ultramafic rocks, Brazil 505
  24. Chapter 17 The Mn oxides tailing from Amazon Region as low-cost raw material to synthesis of shigaite-type phase 541
  25. Chapter 18 Eco-cements out of Belterra Clay: An extensive Brazilian bauxite overburden to produce low-CO2 eco-friendly calcium sulphoaluminate based cements 553
  26. Index 581
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Heruntergeladen am 21.10.2025 von https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110674941-003/html
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