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Chapter 18 Eco-cements out of Belterra Clay: An extensive Brazilian bauxite overburden to produce low-CO2 eco-friendly calcium sulphoaluminate based cements

  • Leonardo Boiadeiro Ayres Negrão , Herbert Pöllmann and Marcondes Lima da Costa
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Industrial Waste
This chapter is in the book Industrial Waste

Abstract

Among the strategies for CO2 reduction in the field of sustainable low-CO2 cementitious materials, some new cement types, instead of ordinary Portland cements (OPC), are discussed. Calcium-sulphoaluminate (CSA) or ye’elimite dominating cement types, like Belite-Calcium-Sulphoaluminate (BCSA), Belite-Calcium-Sulphoaluminateferrite (BCSAF or BYF), Belite-Ternesite-Calcium-Sulphoaluminate (BTCSA or BTY), have comparable properties to OPC, but with the advantages of much less CO2 emission during their production and 15% enlowered clinkering temperature. Nevertheless, CSA large-scale production is limited due to the expensiveness of bauxite and its need as a raw material for the aluminum industry. Therefore, the promising new CSA cement types need alternative Al-rich raw materials. Belterra Clay (BTC), an alumina-rich clay overburden on the bauxites of Brazilian Amazon, can be considered as an important raw material for the production of CSA eco-cement types. The wide distribution of BTC in the Amazon region, its high alumina contents, simple mineralogy and wide distribution direct on the surface makes it an easy-to-exploit and encouraging raw material to produce CSA cement types. Preliminary results, using Belterra Clay from Rondon do Pará in Eastern Amazon/Brazil, show the formation of different CSA clinkers with approximately 35% of ye’elimite at 1250°C. Belite, ternesite, ferrite, Fe-perovskite and other minor phases can also be present in variable contents. The clinkers show fast hydration when mixed to gypsum. The produced CSA binders save about 30% of CO2 emissions in comparison to OPC production due to mineral formation. Less energy consumption is expected due to 200°C lower clinkering temperatures and easier clinker grindability. The use of Belterra Clay, a mining overburden, to produce CSA cement types is highlighted.

Abstract

Among the strategies for CO2 reduction in the field of sustainable low-CO2 cementitious materials, some new cement types, instead of ordinary Portland cements (OPC), are discussed. Calcium-sulphoaluminate (CSA) or ye’elimite dominating cement types, like Belite-Calcium-Sulphoaluminate (BCSA), Belite-Calcium-Sulphoaluminateferrite (BCSAF or BYF), Belite-Ternesite-Calcium-Sulphoaluminate (BTCSA or BTY), have comparable properties to OPC, but with the advantages of much less CO2 emission during their production and 15% enlowered clinkering temperature. Nevertheless, CSA large-scale production is limited due to the expensiveness of bauxite and its need as a raw material for the aluminum industry. Therefore, the promising new CSA cement types need alternative Al-rich raw materials. Belterra Clay (BTC), an alumina-rich clay overburden on the bauxites of Brazilian Amazon, can be considered as an important raw material for the production of CSA eco-cement types. The wide distribution of BTC in the Amazon region, its high alumina contents, simple mineralogy and wide distribution direct on the surface makes it an easy-to-exploit and encouraging raw material to produce CSA cement types. Preliminary results, using Belterra Clay from Rondon do Pará in Eastern Amazon/Brazil, show the formation of different CSA clinkers with approximately 35% of ye’elimite at 1250°C. Belite, ternesite, ferrite, Fe-perovskite and other minor phases can also be present in variable contents. The clinkers show fast hydration when mixed to gypsum. The produced CSA binders save about 30% of CO2 emissions in comparison to OPC production due to mineral formation. Less energy consumption is expected due to 200°C lower clinkering temperatures and easier clinker grindability. The use of Belterra Clay, a mining overburden, to produce CSA cement types is highlighted.

Chapters in this book

  1. Frontmatter I
  2. Contents V
  3. List of Authors IX
  4. Part 1: Measurement and properties
  5. Chapter 1 Characterization of supplementary cementitious materials and their quantification in cement blends by solid-state NMR 3
  6. Chapter 2 Mineralogical quantification of cements, wastes and supplementary cementitious materials 33
  7. Chapter 3 Microstructure analysis with quantitative phase mapping using SEM-EDS and Phase Recognition and Characterization (PARC) Software: applied to steelmaking slag 57
  8. Chapter 4 The use of μXRF in the characterization of industrial wastes and pozzolanes 97
  9. Part 2: Characterization of industrial residues
  10. Chapter 5 Characterization of supplementary cementitious materials: Brown coal fly ashes 165
  11. Chapter 6 Iron and steel slags: from wastes to by-products of high technical, economical and ecological advantages 203
  12. Chapter 7 Utilization of Supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) in Portland cement, alkali activated and ternary binders 253
  13. Chapter 8 Study of some physico chemical properties of plastic clays belonging to Girujan deposits from Chumoukedima Nagaland, India and their prospective industrial applications 297
  14. Part 3: Use and application of industrial residues
  15. Chapter 9 Conversion of CO2 into useful products 319
  16. Chapter 10 Mine tailings as precursors for alkali-activated materials and ettringite binders 345
  17. Chapter 11 Industrial waste as fuel and raw material in the cement industry 361
  18. Chapter 12 Fly ash from municipal solid waste Incineration: from industrial residue to resource for zinc 379
  19. Chapter 13 Residues of industrial wastewater treatment: Hazardous waste or anthropogenic resource? 403
  20. Chapter 14 Composites of some sustainable siliceous materials for the removal of fluoride from ground water and immobilization of the sludge generated 433
  21. Part 4: Residues from mining
  22. Chapter 15 Characterization and mineral processing options of “Kupferschiefer”-type low-grade black shale ore from mining dumps in Central Germany 455
  23. Chapter 16 Rare-earth elements in phosphogypsum and mineral processing residues from phosphate-rich weathered alkaline ultramafic rocks, Brazil 505
  24. Chapter 17 The Mn oxides tailing from Amazon Region as low-cost raw material to synthesis of shigaite-type phase 541
  25. Chapter 18 Eco-cements out of Belterra Clay: An extensive Brazilian bauxite overburden to produce low-CO2 eco-friendly calcium sulphoaluminate based cements 553
  26. Index 581
https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110674941-018

Chapters in this book

  1. Frontmatter I
  2. Contents V
  3. List of Authors IX
  4. Part 1: Measurement and properties
  5. Chapter 1 Characterization of supplementary cementitious materials and their quantification in cement blends by solid-state NMR 3
  6. Chapter 2 Mineralogical quantification of cements, wastes and supplementary cementitious materials 33
  7. Chapter 3 Microstructure analysis with quantitative phase mapping using SEM-EDS and Phase Recognition and Characterization (PARC) Software: applied to steelmaking slag 57
  8. Chapter 4 The use of μXRF in the characterization of industrial wastes and pozzolanes 97
  9. Part 2: Characterization of industrial residues
  10. Chapter 5 Characterization of supplementary cementitious materials: Brown coal fly ashes 165
  11. Chapter 6 Iron and steel slags: from wastes to by-products of high technical, economical and ecological advantages 203
  12. Chapter 7 Utilization of Supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) in Portland cement, alkali activated and ternary binders 253
  13. Chapter 8 Study of some physico chemical properties of plastic clays belonging to Girujan deposits from Chumoukedima Nagaland, India and their prospective industrial applications 297
  14. Part 3: Use and application of industrial residues
  15. Chapter 9 Conversion of CO2 into useful products 319
  16. Chapter 10 Mine tailings as precursors for alkali-activated materials and ettringite binders 345
  17. Chapter 11 Industrial waste as fuel and raw material in the cement industry 361
  18. Chapter 12 Fly ash from municipal solid waste Incineration: from industrial residue to resource for zinc 379
  19. Chapter 13 Residues of industrial wastewater treatment: Hazardous waste or anthropogenic resource? 403
  20. Chapter 14 Composites of some sustainable siliceous materials for the removal of fluoride from ground water and immobilization of the sludge generated 433
  21. Part 4: Residues from mining
  22. Chapter 15 Characterization and mineral processing options of “Kupferschiefer”-type low-grade black shale ore from mining dumps in Central Germany 455
  23. Chapter 16 Rare-earth elements in phosphogypsum and mineral processing residues from phosphate-rich weathered alkaline ultramafic rocks, Brazil 505
  24. Chapter 17 The Mn oxides tailing from Amazon Region as low-cost raw material to synthesis of shigaite-type phase 541
  25. Chapter 18 Eco-cements out of Belterra Clay: An extensive Brazilian bauxite overburden to produce low-CO2 eco-friendly calcium sulphoaluminate based cements 553
  26. Index 581
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