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Chapter 1 Characterization of supplementary cementitious materials and their quantification in cement blends by solid-state NMR

  • Jørgen Skibsted
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Industrial Waste
Ein Kapitel aus dem Buch Industrial Waste

Abstract

Waste materials such as fly ashes, slags, silica fume and recycled glass are often used as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) in blended cements, where they can partly replace Portland clinker and contribute to a reduction in the environmental footprint of concrete. The SCMs are generally less crystalline or amorphous compounds rich in silica and/or alumina. Their pozzolanic reactivity is partly ascribed to the amorphous structure, which complicates their analysis and quantification in hydrated cement blends using a range of conventional analytical tools. In this context, solid-state NMR represents an important analytical tool, as it allows quantification of crystalline and amorphous components in an equal manner. This chapter illustrates the potential of solid-state NMR in studies of pozzolanic waste products in blended Portland cements including silica fume, fly ashes, slags and glasses. A general description of the quantitative solid-state NMR approach is given and the advantages and limitations of the method in studies of waste materials and blended cements are discussed. It is shown that solid-state NMR can provide accurate measures for the degree of SCM reaction for the different SCMs along with the reaction degrees of the main phases in Portland cement. Moreover, it is illustrated that valuable information about the principal hydration product, the calcium-alumino-silicate-hydrate (C-(A)-S-H) phase, and the impact of SCMs on its composition and structure can be derived from 27Al and 29Si NMR spectra. Finally, it is shown that similar solid-state NMR approaches can be used to follow the carbonation process in end-of-life concrete exposed to enforced carbonation.

Abstract

Waste materials such as fly ashes, slags, silica fume and recycled glass are often used as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) in blended cements, where they can partly replace Portland clinker and contribute to a reduction in the environmental footprint of concrete. The SCMs are generally less crystalline or amorphous compounds rich in silica and/or alumina. Their pozzolanic reactivity is partly ascribed to the amorphous structure, which complicates their analysis and quantification in hydrated cement blends using a range of conventional analytical tools. In this context, solid-state NMR represents an important analytical tool, as it allows quantification of crystalline and amorphous components in an equal manner. This chapter illustrates the potential of solid-state NMR in studies of pozzolanic waste products in blended Portland cements including silica fume, fly ashes, slags and glasses. A general description of the quantitative solid-state NMR approach is given and the advantages and limitations of the method in studies of waste materials and blended cements are discussed. It is shown that solid-state NMR can provide accurate measures for the degree of SCM reaction for the different SCMs along with the reaction degrees of the main phases in Portland cement. Moreover, it is illustrated that valuable information about the principal hydration product, the calcium-alumino-silicate-hydrate (C-(A)-S-H) phase, and the impact of SCMs on its composition and structure can be derived from 27Al and 29Si NMR spectra. Finally, it is shown that similar solid-state NMR approaches can be used to follow the carbonation process in end-of-life concrete exposed to enforced carbonation.

Kapitel in diesem Buch

  1. Frontmatter I
  2. Contents V
  3. List of Authors IX
  4. Part 1: Measurement and properties
  5. Chapter 1 Characterization of supplementary cementitious materials and their quantification in cement blends by solid-state NMR 3
  6. Chapter 2 Mineralogical quantification of cements, wastes and supplementary cementitious materials 33
  7. Chapter 3 Microstructure analysis with quantitative phase mapping using SEM-EDS and Phase Recognition and Characterization (PARC) Software: applied to steelmaking slag 57
  8. Chapter 4 The use of μXRF in the characterization of industrial wastes and pozzolanes 97
  9. Part 2: Characterization of industrial residues
  10. Chapter 5 Characterization of supplementary cementitious materials: Brown coal fly ashes 165
  11. Chapter 6 Iron and steel slags: from wastes to by-products of high technical, economical and ecological advantages 203
  12. Chapter 7 Utilization of Supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) in Portland cement, alkali activated and ternary binders 253
  13. Chapter 8 Study of some physico chemical properties of plastic clays belonging to Girujan deposits from Chumoukedima Nagaland, India and their prospective industrial applications 297
  14. Part 3: Use and application of industrial residues
  15. Chapter 9 Conversion of CO2 into useful products 319
  16. Chapter 10 Mine tailings as precursors for alkali-activated materials and ettringite binders 345
  17. Chapter 11 Industrial waste as fuel and raw material in the cement industry 361
  18. Chapter 12 Fly ash from municipal solid waste Incineration: from industrial residue to resource for zinc 379
  19. Chapter 13 Residues of industrial wastewater treatment: Hazardous waste or anthropogenic resource? 403
  20. Chapter 14 Composites of some sustainable siliceous materials for the removal of fluoride from ground water and immobilization of the sludge generated 433
  21. Part 4: Residues from mining
  22. Chapter 15 Characterization and mineral processing options of “Kupferschiefer”-type low-grade black shale ore from mining dumps in Central Germany 455
  23. Chapter 16 Rare-earth elements in phosphogypsum and mineral processing residues from phosphate-rich weathered alkaline ultramafic rocks, Brazil 505
  24. Chapter 17 The Mn oxides tailing from Amazon Region as low-cost raw material to synthesis of shigaite-type phase 541
  25. Chapter 18 Eco-cements out of Belterra Clay: An extensive Brazilian bauxite overburden to produce low-CO2 eco-friendly calcium sulphoaluminate based cements 553
  26. Index 581
https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110674941-001

Kapitel in diesem Buch

  1. Frontmatter I
  2. Contents V
  3. List of Authors IX
  4. Part 1: Measurement and properties
  5. Chapter 1 Characterization of supplementary cementitious materials and their quantification in cement blends by solid-state NMR 3
  6. Chapter 2 Mineralogical quantification of cements, wastes and supplementary cementitious materials 33
  7. Chapter 3 Microstructure analysis with quantitative phase mapping using SEM-EDS and Phase Recognition and Characterization (PARC) Software: applied to steelmaking slag 57
  8. Chapter 4 The use of μXRF in the characterization of industrial wastes and pozzolanes 97
  9. Part 2: Characterization of industrial residues
  10. Chapter 5 Characterization of supplementary cementitious materials: Brown coal fly ashes 165
  11. Chapter 6 Iron and steel slags: from wastes to by-products of high technical, economical and ecological advantages 203
  12. Chapter 7 Utilization of Supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) in Portland cement, alkali activated and ternary binders 253
  13. Chapter 8 Study of some physico chemical properties of plastic clays belonging to Girujan deposits from Chumoukedima Nagaland, India and their prospective industrial applications 297
  14. Part 3: Use and application of industrial residues
  15. Chapter 9 Conversion of CO2 into useful products 319
  16. Chapter 10 Mine tailings as precursors for alkali-activated materials and ettringite binders 345
  17. Chapter 11 Industrial waste as fuel and raw material in the cement industry 361
  18. Chapter 12 Fly ash from municipal solid waste Incineration: from industrial residue to resource for zinc 379
  19. Chapter 13 Residues of industrial wastewater treatment: Hazardous waste or anthropogenic resource? 403
  20. Chapter 14 Composites of some sustainable siliceous materials for the removal of fluoride from ground water and immobilization of the sludge generated 433
  21. Part 4: Residues from mining
  22. Chapter 15 Characterization and mineral processing options of “Kupferschiefer”-type low-grade black shale ore from mining dumps in Central Germany 455
  23. Chapter 16 Rare-earth elements in phosphogypsum and mineral processing residues from phosphate-rich weathered alkaline ultramafic rocks, Brazil 505
  24. Chapter 17 The Mn oxides tailing from Amazon Region as low-cost raw material to synthesis of shigaite-type phase 541
  25. Chapter 18 Eco-cements out of Belterra Clay: An extensive Brazilian bauxite overburden to produce low-CO2 eco-friendly calcium sulphoaluminate based cements 553
  26. Index 581
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Heruntergeladen am 22.10.2025 von https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110674941-001/html
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