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Chapter 15. The view from below

Code-switching and the influence of “substrate” languages in the development of Southeast Asian Englishes
  • James McLellan
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English in Southeast Asia
This chapter is in the book English in Southeast Asia

Abstract

This chapter takes a synchronic approach to the investigation of influences of other languages on Malaysian, Singapore, Philippine and Brunei English. Whilst it would be naïve to describe all features as simply the result of transfer from other languages, it is important to consider the axiom that all Southeast Asian Englishes are spoken and written by people who have access to other languages and for whom English is an add-on. It is suggested that all Southeast Asian Englishes are code-mixed varieties, and the main focus is on aspects of code-switching and on broader issues of language contact and pidginisation. In the discussion section, a framework from code-switching research is outlined for analysis at both text- and sentence-level.

Abstract

This chapter takes a synchronic approach to the investigation of influences of other languages on Malaysian, Singapore, Philippine and Brunei English. Whilst it would be naïve to describe all features as simply the result of transfer from other languages, it is important to consider the axiom that all Southeast Asian Englishes are spoken and written by people who have access to other languages and for whom English is an add-on. It is suggested that all Southeast Asian Englishes are code-mixed varieties, and the main focus is on aspects of code-switching and on broader issues of language contact and pidginisation. In the discussion section, a framework from code-switching research is outlined for analysis at both text- and sentence-level.

Chapters in this book

  1. Prelim pages i
  2. Table of contents v
  3. Acknowledgements ix
  4. Abbreviations xi
  5. Introduction 1
  6. Chapter 1. Theoretical issues 13
  7. Part I. Features
  8. Chapter 2. Singapore English 35
  9. Chapter 3. Malaysian English 55
  10. Chapter 4. Brunei English 75
  11. Chapter 5. Philippine English 91
  12. Chapter 6. Thai English 101
  13. Chapter 7. Hong Kong English 113
  14. Part II. Policy (Historical context & language planning)
  15. Chapter 8. The development of English in Singapore 137
  16. Chapter 9. Pragmatics of maintaining English in Malaysia’s education system 155
  17. Chapter 10. Language planning in its historical context in Brunei Darussalam 175
  18. Chapter 11. Diffusion and directions 189
  19. Chapter 12. The effect of policy on English language teaching at secondary schools in Thailand 207
  20. Chapter 13. Language policy and planning in Hong Kong 221
  21. Part III. Language in use
  22. Chapter 14. English in Southeast Asian law 241
  23. Chapter 15. The view from below 267
  24. Chapter 16. Curriculum and world Englishes 289
  25. Chapter 17. English in Southeast Asian pop culture 307
  26. Chapter 18. Language use in the construction of interpersonal relationships 325
  27. Chapter 19. Transfers of politeness strategies 343
  28. Part IV. Bibliography
  29. Chapter 20. Works on English in Southeast Asia 357
  30. Author index 383
  31. Subject index 389
https://doi.org/10.1075/veaw.g42.21mcl

Chapters in this book

  1. Prelim pages i
  2. Table of contents v
  3. Acknowledgements ix
  4. Abbreviations xi
  5. Introduction 1
  6. Chapter 1. Theoretical issues 13
  7. Part I. Features
  8. Chapter 2. Singapore English 35
  9. Chapter 3. Malaysian English 55
  10. Chapter 4. Brunei English 75
  11. Chapter 5. Philippine English 91
  12. Chapter 6. Thai English 101
  13. Chapter 7. Hong Kong English 113
  14. Part II. Policy (Historical context & language planning)
  15. Chapter 8. The development of English in Singapore 137
  16. Chapter 9. Pragmatics of maintaining English in Malaysia’s education system 155
  17. Chapter 10. Language planning in its historical context in Brunei Darussalam 175
  18. Chapter 11. Diffusion and directions 189
  19. Chapter 12. The effect of policy on English language teaching at secondary schools in Thailand 207
  20. Chapter 13. Language policy and planning in Hong Kong 221
  21. Part III. Language in use
  22. Chapter 14. English in Southeast Asian law 241
  23. Chapter 15. The view from below 267
  24. Chapter 16. Curriculum and world Englishes 289
  25. Chapter 17. English in Southeast Asian pop culture 307
  26. Chapter 18. Language use in the construction of interpersonal relationships 325
  27. Chapter 19. Transfers of politeness strategies 343
  28. Part IV. Bibliography
  29. Chapter 20. Works on English in Southeast Asia 357
  30. Author index 383
  31. Subject index 389
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